Reinfection of Tall Fescue Cultivars with Non‐Ergot Alkaloid–Producing Endophytes

2002 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe H. Bouton ◽  
Garrick C. M. Latch ◽  
Nicholas S. Hill ◽  
Carl S. Hoveland ◽  
Mark A. McCann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Ergot Alkaloid

Determining the Rate of Ergot-alkaloid Degradation in Toxic Endophyte-infected Tall Fescue Hay and Haylage During Long Term Storage

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 22-22
Author(s):  
Charles A Zumbaugh ◽  
Susannah A Gonia ◽  
Kathryn M Payne ◽  
Thomas B Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Ergot Alkaloid ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Experimental Unit

Abstract The objectives of this experiment were to determine changes in the nutritive value and ergot alkaloid concentrations of endophyte-infected tall fescue hay and haylage during a 180-d storage period. Forage from a single field of Kentucky-31 tall fescue was cut for hay in late June and allowed to dry in the field. The dry matter (DM) of the windrow of cut forage was measured every 2 h after clipping. Forage was sampled from the windrow in 6 location blocks once forage DM reached target levels for haylage and hay treatments. Haylage and hay samples were taken when the DM of the windrow reached 50% and 80%, respectively. Seven subsamples of each treatment within block were chopped to 1.91 cm in length with a lettuce chopper and vacuum sealed in oxygen-excluding bags. Sample bags were stored indoors and opened at 30 d intervals over the 180-d storage period. Samples were analyzed for pH, nutritive value, and individual ergot alkaloid concentrations using high-performance liquid chromatography. Within each storage day, treatment within block was considered the experimental unit. Data were analyzed in SAS using the MIXED procedure with fixed effects of treatment, day, and the treatment by day interaction. Location block was considered a random effect. As expected, pH was decreased for haylage compared to hay at all time points (P < 0.01) and DM was greater (P < 0.01) for hay compared to haylage. Neutral detergent fiber values were greater (P < 0.01) for hay compared to haylage and declined during storage (P < 0.01). Total ergot alkaloid concentrations did not differ by treatment (P = 0.61), but ergovaline concentrations declined (P < 0.01) during storage. Collectively, these results indicate minimal differences in nutritive value and ergot alkaloid concentrations between hay and haylage during storage, and that ergovaline concentrations decline during storage.

Symbiont Regulation and Reducing Ergot Alkaloid Concentration by Breeding Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue

1997 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 691-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Adcock ◽  
N. S. Hill ◽  
J. H. Bouton ◽  
H. R. Boerma ◽  
G. O. Ware
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Ergot Alkaloid

Ergot Alkaloid Concentrations in Tall Fescue Hay during Production and Storage

Crop Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 1496-1502 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Roberts ◽  
R. L. Kallenbach ◽  
N. S. Hill ◽  
G. E. Rottinghaus ◽  
T. J. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Ergot Alkaloid ◽  
And Storage

The ability of a yeast-derived cell wall preparation to minimize the toxic effects of high-ergot alkaloid tall fescue straw in beef cattle1,2

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (10) ◽  
pp. 2596-2605 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Merrill ◽  
D. W. Bohnert ◽  
D. L. Harmon ◽  
A. M. Craig ◽  
F. N. Schrick
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Ergot Alkaloid ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Cell Wall Preparation

scholarly journals Ergot alkaloids additional to ergovaline in endophyte-infected perennial ryegrass and tall fescue in New Zealand

1999 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
G.A. Lane ◽  
B.A. Tapper ◽  
E. Davies
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Ergot Alkaloid ◽  
Ergot Alkaloids

Several ergot alkaloids additional to ergovaline have been identified in perennial ryegrass and other grasses infected with Neotyphodium spp. endophytes. The identification of the ergot alkaloids ergine, chanoclavine-I and dehydroergovaline, from New Zealand samples of endophyte-infected tall fescue and perennial ryegrass is reported and discussed. Keywords: chanoclavine-I, dehydroergovaline, endophyte, ergine, ergot alkaloid, Neotyphodium spp., ryegrass, tall fescue

scholarly journals Towards the elimination of ergot alkaloid biosynthesis genes in Neotyphodium Coenophialum

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 477-479
Author(s):  
S. Florea ◽  
C. Machado ◽  
D. Zhang ◽  
D.G. Panaccione ◽  
C.L. Schardl
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Ergot Alkaloid ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Ergot Alkaloids ◽  
Loxp Site ◽  
Alkaloid Biosynthesis ◽  
Neotyphodium Coenophialum ◽  
Type Locus ◽  
Dimethylallyltryptophan Synthase ◽  
Recombination System

Neotyphodium coenophialum strain e19 from tall fescue cv. Kentucky 31 carries dmaW1 and dmaW2, two gene homologues that encode dimethylallyltryptophan synthase, the enzyme for the first step in ergot-alkaloid biosynthesis. In our effort to disrupt both homologues and ultimately obtain marker-free mutants, we are using a marker-exchange strategy employing the Cre/ loxP site-specific recombination system. Of 1522 transformants obtained and screened, three were likely dmaW2 disruptants because they gave no PCR product from the wild-type locus, but yielded the larger PCR fragment from the disruption construct. The putative dmaW2-knockouts were also transformed with pKAES186, a plasmid with a cassette containing the cre and ble genes in between loxP sequences. The transformants obtained were screened for the presence of hph, cre and ble genes. The preliminary results indicate a loop-out of the hph gene. The transformants inoculated into endophyte-free tall fescue preserved their compatibility with the plant. The fungus grown from these plants will be further analysed for the presence of hph, cre and ble genes. Keywords: Cre/LoxP, dimethylallyltryptophan synthase, dmaW, Epichloë, ergot alkaloids, Festuca arundinacea, gene knockouts, Lolium arundinaceum, Neotyphodium coenophialum, tall fescue

181 FERTILIZATION CHARACTERISTICS OF SPERMATOZOA FROM BULLS GRAZING TALL FESCUE PASTURES

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 202
Author(s):  
J. P. Harris ◽  
J. L. Edwards ◽  
L. A. Rispoli ◽  
R. R. Payton ◽  
N. R. Rohrbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Ergot Alkaloid ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
In Vitro Production

Fertilization with spermatozoa from bulls ingesting elevated concentrations of ergovaline [i.e. consumption of toxic endophyte-infected (E+) tall fescue] results in reduced cleavage rates. Thus, the objectives of the current study were to evaluate motility and penetration rates of spermatozoa from bulls grazing tall fescue pastures and intracellular calcium (Ca2+) parameters of presumptive zygotes (PZ). During a 3-month study, 6 Angus bulls (average age = 15.1 ± 0.04 months) were appointed to graze Kentucky 31 tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) infected with Neotyphodium coenophialum, an ergot alkaloid-producing endophyte (n = 3), or Jesup tall fescue infected with non-ergot alkaloid-producing endophyte (NTE) MaxQ™ (n = 3). Bulls were grouped by bodyweight (BW) and scrotal circumference (SC) to graze pastures from April 18 to June 26. Blood samples, BW, SC, semen and rectal temperatures (RT) were collected every 7 days. Semen was evaluated for gross motility, morphology and computer assisted semen analysis (CASA) parameters. Semen from a subset of bulls (n = 2 per treatment; acceptable motility after 3-h stress test) was used to assess spermatozoa function using in vitro assays; that is, in vitro production of embryos, penetration rates obtained 6.5 to 7.5 h post-insemination (hpi) and intracellular Ca2+ measured 8.0 to 10.0 hpi. Data were analyzed using a mixed models procedure (semen data), generalized linear mixed models (in vitro data) and nonlinear regression (intracellular Ca2+ data) of SAS 9.2 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Concentrations of serum prolactin were higher in bulls grazing NTE compared with those of the bulls grazing E+ tall fescue pastures (123.43 ± 9.23 ng mL–1 vs 97.13 ± 9.23 ng mL–1, respectively; P = 0.05). Gross motility of spermatozoa (90.95 ± 2.67% vs 85.62 ± 2.67%, NTE and E+ respectively; P = 0.17) and percent normal morphology (77.14 ± 1.93% vs 77.61 ± 1.93%, NTE and E+ respectively; P = 0.87) before cryopreservation did not differ. However, motility immediately post-thaw (58.27 ± 2.81% vs 43.84 ± 5.30%, NTE and E+, respectively; P = 0.02) and following a 3-h stress test (51.13 ± 3.88% vs 23.33 ± 3.23%, NTE and E+, respectively; P < 0.0001) were decreased for spermatozoa from bulls grazing E+ tall fescue. The percentage of PZ that cleaved was higher for oocytes fertilized with spermatozoa from bulls grazing NTE (76.30 ± 3.93%) compared with that of the bulls grazing E+ tall fescue pastures (58.92 ± 3.9%; P = 0.007; n = 1539 PZ, n = 10 replicates). Penetration rates were higher in oocytes fertilized with spermatozoa from NTE bulls (87.42 ± 1.63%) compared with that of E+ bulls (64.54 ± 3.28%; P < 0.0001; n = 2547 oocytes, n = 33 replicates). Meiotic progression of maternal chromatin was hastened in oocytes penetrated by spermatozoa from bulls grazing E+ compared to that from bulls grazing NTE tall fescue. Intracellular Ca2+ parameters (baseline, P = 0.01; amplitude, P = 0.0002; and area under the curve, P = 0.006) were reduced in PZ fertilized with spermatozoa from E+ bulls (n = 192 oocytes, n = 4 replicates). These findings indicate impaired spermatozoa function in bulls grazing E+ tall fescue pastures that extends beyond gross semen characteristics and may provide direction for future studies.

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