The ability of a yeast-derived cell wall preparation to minimize the toxic effects of high-ergot alkaloid tall fescue straw in beef cattle1,2

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (10) ◽  
pp. 2596-2605 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Merrill ◽  
D. W. Bohnert ◽  
D. L. Harmon ◽  
A. M. Craig ◽  
F. N. Schrick
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Ergot Alkaloid ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Cell Wall Preparation

Determining the Rate of Ergot-alkaloid Degradation in Toxic Endophyte-infected Tall Fescue Hay and Haylage During Long Term Storage

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 22-22
Author(s):  
Charles A Zumbaugh ◽  
Susannah A Gonia ◽  
Kathryn M Payne ◽  
Thomas B Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Ergot Alkaloid ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Experimental Unit

Abstract The objectives of this experiment were to determine changes in the nutritive value and ergot alkaloid concentrations of endophyte-infected tall fescue hay and haylage during a 180-d storage period. Forage from a single field of Kentucky-31 tall fescue was cut for hay in late June and allowed to dry in the field. The dry matter (DM) of the windrow of cut forage was measured every 2 h after clipping. Forage was sampled from the windrow in 6 location blocks once forage DM reached target levels for haylage and hay treatments. Haylage and hay samples were taken when the DM of the windrow reached 50% and 80%, respectively. Seven subsamples of each treatment within block were chopped to 1.91 cm in length with a lettuce chopper and vacuum sealed in oxygen-excluding bags. Sample bags were stored indoors and opened at 30 d intervals over the 180-d storage period. Samples were analyzed for pH, nutritive value, and individual ergot alkaloid concentrations using high-performance liquid chromatography. Within each storage day, treatment within block was considered the experimental unit. Data were analyzed in SAS using the MIXED procedure with fixed effects of treatment, day, and the treatment by day interaction. Location block was considered a random effect. As expected, pH was decreased for haylage compared to hay at all time points (P < 0.01) and DM was greater (P < 0.01) for hay compared to haylage. Neutral detergent fiber values were greater (P < 0.01) for hay compared to haylage and declined during storage (P < 0.01). Total ergot alkaloid concentrations did not differ by treatment (P = 0.61), but ergovaline concentrations declined (P < 0.01) during storage. Collectively, these results indicate minimal differences in nutritive value and ergot alkaloid concentrations between hay and haylage during storage, and that ergovaline concentrations decline during storage.

Evaluation of the Efficacy of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cell Wall to Ameliorate the Toxic Effects of Aflatoxin in Broilers

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 341-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Santin . ◽  
Antonio Carlos Pauli . ◽  
Alex Maiorka . ◽  
Laura Satiko Okada N . ◽  
Marcos Macari . ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Toxic Effects

Symbiont Regulation and Reducing Ergot Alkaloid Concentration by Breeding Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue

1997 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 691-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Adcock ◽  
N. S. Hill ◽  
J. H. Bouton ◽  
H. R. Boerma ◽  
G. O. Ware
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Ergot Alkaloid

scholarly journals Fermentation and subsequent disposition of 14C-labelled plant cell wall material in the rat

1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Gray ◽  
M. A. Eastwood ◽  
W. G. Brydon ◽  
S. C. Fry
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Bacterial Fermentation ◽  
Cell Wall Preparation

A 14C-Iabelled plant cell wall preparation (I4C-PCW) produced from spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) cell culture exhibits uniform labelling of the major polysaccharide groups (%): pectins 53, hemicellulose 13, cellulose 21, starch 3. This 14C-PCW preparation has been used in rat studies as a marker for plant cell wall metabolism. Metabolism of the 14C-PCW occurred largely over the first 24 h. This was due to fermentation in the caecum. The pectic fraction of the plant cell walls was degraded completely in the rat gastrointestinal tract, but some [14C-]cellulose was still detected after 24 h in the colon. Of the 14C,22% was recovered in the host liver, adipose tissue and skin, 26% excreted as 14CO2 and up to 18%was excreted in the faeces. There was no urinary excretion of 14C. In vitro fermentation using a caecal inocuium showed reduced 14CO2 production, 12% compared with 26% in the intact rat. 14C-PCW is auseful marker to investigate the fate of plant cell wall materials in the gastrointestinal tract. These studies show both bacterial fermentation of the 14C-PCW and host metabolism of the 14C-labelled fermentation products.

Modification of esterified cell wall phenolics increases vulnerability of tall fescue to herbivory by the fall armyworm

Planta ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 236 (2) ◽  
pp. 513-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia M. de O. Buanafina ◽  
Howard W. Fescemyer
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Fall Armyworm

Functional co-expression of a fungal ferulic acid esterase and a β-1,4 endoxylanase in Festuca arundinacea (tall fescue) modifies post-harvest cell wall deconstruction

Planta ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 242 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia M. de O. Buanafina ◽  
Sue Dalton ◽  
Tim Langdon ◽  
E. Timms-Taravella ◽  
Erica A. Shearer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Ferulic Acid Esterase ◽  
Post Harvest

The fate of acetyl groups and sugar components during the digestion of grass cell walls in sheep

1977 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Jane Morris ◽  
J. S. D. Bacon
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Sodium Ethoxide ◽  
Mesophyll Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Cell Wall Preparation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Isolated Cell

SummaryThe digestibilities of grass cell wall constituents determined in a digestion trial were compared with those obtained by suspending various isolated cell wall preparations in nylon bags in the rumen of a sheep. Particular attention was paid to acetyl groups and to individual sugars, which were determined in both cases by gas liquid chromatography.For dried grass and hay in the digestion trial the cell wall constituents showed digestibilities decreasing in the following order: arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose, acetyl, lignin.For a leaf cell wall preparation derived from all cell types except mesophyll, the nylon bag technique allowed the same order of digestibilities; rhamnose and uronic acids were also measured and found to be rapidly digested. Mesophyll cell walls placed in nylon bags were more readily digested than non-mesophyll. All the sugars, and also acetyl groups, were digested to the same extent.In a grass cell wall preparation isolated from sheep faeces, tested similarly, xylose and glucose were digested to the same extent, but acetyl groups were less digested.Removal of acetyl groups, using sodium ethoxide, which left the sugar composition and lignin content unchanged, increased the digestibility particularly of the cell walls from faeces.The results are discussed with reference to the relationship between cell wall composition and digestibility.

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