scholarly journals Long-term cadmium exposure enhances metallothionein-1 induction after subsequent exposure to high concentrations of cadmium in P1798 mouse lymphosarcoma cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoki Kimura ◽  
Takuomi Hosaka ◽  
Tsuyoshi Nakanishi ◽  
Osamu Aozasa
Keyword(s):  
Cadmium Exposure ◽  
Subsequent Exposure ◽  
Mouse Lymphosarcoma ◽  
High Concentrations

Changes of Renal Cadmium Accumulation Levels and Urinary Cadmium Excretion Levels Induced by Long-term Cadmium Exposure in Rats

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
In Soon Song ◽  
Yong Chae Cho ◽  
Soo Young Kim ◽  
Am Park ◽  
Kyung Sun Son ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
Cadmium Exposure ◽  
Urinary Cadmium

Anticancer Effects & Comparative Study of Thymoquinone, Cordyceps, Spirulina, Ganoderma Lucidium, Poria Cocos, and Lion’s Mane on Human Nasal Cancer Cells (RPMI-2650)

2020 ◽  
pp. 62-78
Author(s):  
سعيد مزعل موازي ◽  
يحيى فائق حسين ◽  
عبد المنعم دولاني ◽  
سيف يوسف عبدالله السويدي
Keyword(s):  
Term Treatment ◽  
Epithelial Cell Line ◽  
Anticancer Effect ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Poria Cocos ◽  
Nasal Cancer ◽  
Antineoplastic Effect ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
High Concentrations

Recently, many studies have been conducted to discover or improve cancers treatment. The current study aims to investigate the anticancer effect of thymoquinone, cordyceps, spirulina, ganoderma lucidium, poria cocos, and lion’s mane in four different concentrations 4, 8, 16, and 32 ug (equivalent to 1 mg/mL) in two different time treatments (48 and 96 hours) on human nasal epithelial cell line RPMI 2650. By using cell culture cytotoxicity techniques and assay, the highest anticancer effect on RPMI 2650 was obtained by thymoquinone. The lowest anticancer effect was demonstrated by poria cocos and cordyceps. However, these two medications showed higher anticancer effect when given in short-term treatment (48 hours) compared to long-term treatment (96 hours). Ganoderma lucidium and spirulina showed better impact than poria cocos, cordyceps, and lion’s mane in term of cells cytotoxicity. Mild to moderate antineoplastic effect was seen by utilizing lion’s mane treatment compared other drugs. Therefore, adopting a long-term treatment of high concentrations and doses of thymoquinone, cordyceps, spirulina, ganoderma lucidium, poria cocos, and lion’s mane can be more effective in the treatment of nasal cancer. In conclusion, these drugs were found to be a promising cancer remedy; therefore, they can be utilized as alternative treatment for nasal cancer or any other type of cancer therapy.

scholarly journals Financial losses for Dutch stakeholders during the 2013 aflatoxin incident in Maize in Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Focker ◽  
H. J. van der Fels-Klerx ◽  
A. G. J. M. Oude Lansink
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Uncertain Data ◽  
Feed Industry ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Aflatoxin B ◽  
Financial Losses

AbstractEarly 2013, high concentrations of aflatoxin M1 were found in the bulk milk of a few dairy farms in the Netherlands. These high concentrations were caused by aflatoxin B1 contaminated maize from Eastern Europe that was processed into compound feed, which was fed to dairy cows. Since the contamination was discovered in the downstream stages of the supply chain, multiple countries and parties were involved and recalls of the feed were necessary, resulting into financial losses. The aim of this study was to estimate the direct short-term financial losses related to the 2013 aflatoxin incident for the maize traders, the feed industry, and the dairy sector in the Netherlands. First, the sequence of events of the incident was retrieved. Then, a Monte Carlo simulation model was built to combine the scarce and uncertain data to estimate the direct financial losses for each stakeholder. The estimated total direct financial losses of this incident were estimated to be between 12 and 25 million euros. The largest share, about 60%, of the total losses was endured by the maize traders. About 39% of the total losses were for the feed industry, and less than 1% of the total losses were for the dairy sector. The financial losses estimated in this study should be interpreted cautiously due to limitations associated with the quality of the data used. Furthermore, this incident led to indirect long-term financial effects, identified but not estimated in this study.

scholarly journals Six-year source apportionment of submicron organic aerosols from near-continuous measurements at SIRTA (Paris area, France)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunjiang Zhang ◽  
Olivier Favez ◽  
Jean-Eudes Petit ◽  
Francesco Canonaco ◽  
Francois Truong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Source Apportionment ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosols ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Paris Area ◽  
Multi Wavelength ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract. Organic aerosol (OA) particles are recognized as key factors influencing air quality and climate change. However, highly-time resolved year-round characterizations of their composition and sources in ambient air are still very limited due to challenging continuous observations. Here, we present an analysis of long-term variability of submicron OA using the combination of Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM) and multi-wavelength aethalometer from November 2011 to March 2018 at a background site of the Paris region (France). Source apportionment of OA was achieved via partially constrained positive matrix factorization (PMF) using the multilinear engine (ME-2). Two primary OA (POA) and two oxygenated OA (OOA) factors were identified and quantified over the entire studied period. POA factors were designated as hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA) and biomass burning OA (BBOA). The latter factor presented a significant seasonality with higher concentrations in winter with significant monthly contributions to OA (18–33 %) due to enhanced residential wood burning emissions. HOA mainly originated from traffic emissions but was also influenced by biomass burning in cold periods. OOA factors were distinguished between their less- and more-oxidized fractions (LO-OOA and MO-OOA, respectively). These factors presented distinct seasonal patterns, associated with different atmospheric formation pathways. A pronounced increase of LO-OOA concentrations and contributions (50–66 %) was observed in summer, which may be mainly explained by secondary OA (SOA) formation processes involving biogenic gaseous precursors. Conversely high concentrations and OA contributions (32–62 %) of MO-OOA during winter and spring seasons were partly associated with anthropogenic emissions and/or long-range transport from northeastern Europe. The contribution of the different OA factors as a function of OA mass loading highlighted the dominant roles of POA during pollution episodes in fall and winter, and of SOA for highest springtime and summertime OA concentrations. Finally, long-term trend analyses indicated a decreasing feature (of about 200 ng m−3 yr−1) for MO-OOA, very limited or insignificant decreasing trends for primary anthropogenic carbonaceous aerosols (BBOA and HOA, along with the fossil fuel and biomass burning black carbon components), and no trend for LO-OOA over the 6+-year investigated period.

Oxygen in the home

1982 ◽  
Vol 20 (17) ◽  
pp. 65-67 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Oxygen Therapy ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Disease ◽  
Term Therapy ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Long Term Therapy ◽  
Benefits And Costs ◽  
Portable Oxygen

The provision of high concentrations of oxygen is often part of the treatment of cardiac or respiratory disease. The use of domiciliary oxygen is generally limited to those patients with advanced chronic respiratory disease. It can be given in a number of ways - as continuous long-term therapy, as portable oxygen therapy, or intermittently for short periods. This article discusses the benefits and costs.

Effects of a long-term fire retardant chemical (Fire-Trol 934) on seed viability and germination of plants growing in a burned Mediterranean area

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belén Luna ◽  
José M. Moreno ◽  
Alberto Cruz ◽  
Federico Fernández-González
Keyword(s):  
Life Form ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Progressive Decrease ◽  
Plant Groups ◽  
Distribution Ranges ◽  
High Concentrations

This work documents the effect of a common, long-term fire retardant chemical, Fire-Trol 934, on seed viability and germination of 36 plant species growing in a burned Mediterranean area, covering different life-form types, regenerative strategies and distribution ranges. Seeds were subjected to four treatments: control, and application of Fire-Trol 934 at concentrations of 0.02, 0.2 and 2%. Fire-Trol 934 significantly decreased both seed viability and germination in the group of species studied, which suggests that Fire-Trol 934 may be toxic for seeds, at least when applied at high concentrations. Whereas seed viability generally showed a progressive decrease with increased Fire-Trol 934 concentration, germination percentages generally increased when intermediate Fire-Trol 934 concentrations were used, but tended to be drastically reduced when seeds were exposed to the highest (2%) concentration. The reduction observed in germination at the highest Fire-Trol 934 concentration was greater than that observed in viability, which suggests that the effect of Fire-Trol 934 on seeds may not be lasting. Little differences in the response to Fire-Trol 934 emerged among plant groups, all of which followed the general tendency described above.

Effects of Varnishes Containing Chlorhexidine on the Human Dental Plaque Flora

1989 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 1786-1789 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J.M. Schaeken ◽  
J.S. Van der Hoeven ◽  
J.C.M. Hendriks
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Single Treatment ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Streptococcus Sanguis ◽  
Natural Resin ◽  
High Concentrations

This study describes the effects of varnishes containing 0%, 10%, 20%, or 40% chlorhexidine diacetate on the microflora of human fissure dental plaque. Sandarac, a natural resin, was used as the varnish base. Ten subjects, each with at least four sound fissures harboring high levels of Streptococcus mutans, participated in the study. The fissures in each of the individuals were randomly assigned to four experimental groups, in each of which one of the varnishes was tested. The varnish treatment consisted of a single application of a small amount of varnish onto the fissures. Apart from the selected fissures, the rest of the dentition was left untreated. All chlorhexidine-containing varnishes selectively suppressed S. mutans in fissure plaque, and had no effect on total viable counts or on the numbers of Actinomyces viscosus/naeslundii and Streptococcus sanguis beyond one week. The extent of the suppression depended upon the concentration of chlorhexidine in the varnish, 40% chlorhexidine varnish giving the greatest suppression of S. mutans. At 22 weeks, after a single treatment with varnish containing 40% chlorhexidine, mean S. mutans counts were more than ten times lower than in the control or 10%chlorhexidine varnish group. At that time, S. mutans was still undetectable in five out of ten experimental fissures in this group. The results suggested that sandarac varnishes containing high concentrations of chlorhexidine can be used successfully for long-term suppression of S. mutans in dental fissures.

Long-term adaptation of breast tumor cell lines to high concentrations of nitric oxide

Tumor Biology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin J. Vesper ◽  
Kim M. Elseth ◽  
Gabor Tarjan ◽  
G. Kenneth Haines ◽  
James A. Radosevich
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Breast Tumor ◽  
Tumor Cell Lines ◽  
Breast Tumor Cell ◽  
High Concentrations

Long-Term Exposure to Air Pollutants and Cognitive Function in Taiwanese Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Four-Year Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jen-Hau Chen ◽  
Tsung-Yu Kuo ◽  
Hwa-Lung Yu ◽  
Charlene Wu ◽  
Su-Ling Yeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
High Level ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Background: Previous studies have assessed limited cognitive domains with relatively short exposure to air pollutants, and studies in Asia are limited. Objective: This study aims to explore the association between long-term exposure to air pollutants and cognition in community-dwelling older adults. Methods: This four-year prospective cohort study recruited 605 older adults at baseline (2011–2013) and 360 participants remained at four-year follow-up. Global and domain-specific cognition were assessed biennially. Data on PM2.5 (particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm diameter, 2005–2015), PM10 (1993–2015), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2, 1993–2015) were obtained from Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration (TEPA). Bayesian Maximum Entropy was utilized to estimate the spatiotemporal distribution of levels of these pollutants. Results: Exposure to high-level PM2.5 (>29.98 μg/m3) was associated with an increased risk of global cognitive impairment (adjusted odds ratio = 4.56; β = −0.60). High-level PMcoarse exposure (>26.50 μg/m3) was associated with poor verbal fluency (β = −0.19). High-level PM10 exposure (>51.20 μg/m3) was associated with poor executive function (β = −0.24). Medium-level NO2 exposure (>28.62 ppb) was associated with better verbal fluency (β = 0.12). Co-exposure to high concentrations of PM2.5, PMcoarse or PM10 and high concentration of NO2 were associated with poor verbal fluency (PM2.5 and NO2: β = −0.17; PMcoarse and NO2: β = −0.23; PM10 and NO2: β = −0.21) and poor executive function (PM10 and NO2: β = −0.16). These associations became more evident in women, apolipoprotein ε4 non-carriers, and those with education > 12 years. Conclusion: Long-term exposure to PM2.5 (higher than TEPA guidelines), PM10 (lower than TEPA guidelines) or co-exposure to PMx and NO2 were associated with poor global, verbal fluency, and executive function over 4 years.

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