scholarly journals Transition économique et usage de la tradition: Les contextes illusoires du principe de la réciprocité dans les rites de passage en Serbie rurale

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 343
Author(s):  
Slobodan Naumović
Keyword(s):  
Social Consequences ◽  
Gift Giving ◽  
Expected Return ◽  
The Public ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cultural Pattern ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior ◽  
Traditional Patterns ◽  
The One

The paper, which is part of a larger whole, offers an attempt to interpret new forms of behavior, especially the complex interplay between different forms of gift giving and consumption in contemporary marital rites. These forms of behavior, which tend to mimic traditional patterns, but are far from them, represent the symbolic responses of peasants to the economic pressures of the outside environment. The concept of the use of tradition is offered as a framework through which it is possible to link the entirety of socio-economic conditions with deliberate actions by individuals or groups in a rural environment. Playing with the multiple meanings which can be ascribed to the forms of behavior that mimic traditional patterns, especially the reciprocity of different forms of exchange of gifts and wedding feasts, enables the transformation of interests which it isn’t advisable to endorse into actions which are acceptable to everyone. To use Bourdieu’s terms, consciously resorting to traditional forms of behavior enables the “euphemization” of their original meaning and the real reasons behind their use, and constitutes the first step in the use of tradition. The second step in this process is linked to choice between different behavioral patterns (the flows of reciprocity on the one hand, and conspicuous, prestigious consumption on the other) and playing with the social consequences of such choices. The possibility of using elements of the traditional cultural pattern of the wedding in order to maintain or elevate one’s social status was present before, especially due to the multifaceted practice of gift giving, or rather, the possibility of giving a gift which is larger than the expected return gift. The only difference between the traditional and the contemporary model of wedding practices is that today it’s possible to elevate one’s status through consumption which completely sidesteps the established channels of reciprocity and mutuality. Namely, while the former patterns of behavior made it possible to elevate one’s status only to the extent to which other members of the community received gifts, or the extent to which other members of the community profited from “excessive” gift giving, today it is necessary to build one’s social standing through consumption which completely sidesteps the channels of mutuality (like spending money on ordering songs, on orchestras, large tents, limos etc.) In a system like that, the practice of utilizing tradition, the public focus on gift giving and other forms of mutual exchange, serves primarily (but not only) to diminish the intrusiveness of new forms of behavior, especially “pure status consumption”, and to make their social consequences more acceptable.

Archaeology of the Senses

Anthropology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo Day
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Near Eastern ◽  
The Public ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
Sensory Experiences ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
The Social ◽  
Audio Recordings ◽  
The Senses

The influence of the “sensory turn” in the social sciences was first manifested in archaeology in the late 1990s and since then has permeated regional, chronological, and material specializations. Two interlinked themes underpin sensory archaeology: firstly, a recognition of a historically constructed ocularcentrism in how archaeological research has been planned, conducted, and presented; secondly, a realization that the senses are not just physiological but culturally created, and therefore every culture will have a different sensorium that establishes, reflects, and reinforces social practice (although this can be subverted by individuals or groups). Early efforts to counter the primacy of vision highlighted different sensory modalities, such as touch or hearing (less often olfaction and taste), and discussed more ephemeral aspects of visual analysis like shimmer and color symbolism. These studies explored a range of archaeological material, including monuments, artifacts, and significant elements in the landscape such as rock art. More recent work shies away from singling out any one sense and focuses on full-bodied, multisensory encounters—as happens in reality where the senses operate in tandem. This approach is a professed aim of phenomenological archaeology, adopted especially in studies of the landscapes of prehistoric northwestern Europe, although it has been much critiqued for being overly subjective and predominantly visual. Fully accessing the sensorium of any past culture is impossible, but if written sources can be used in tandem with archaeology, a more detailed picture can be painted—this has been the case with Roman, Mesoamerican, and Near Eastern archaeology in particular. Overall, the aim is to explore sensory relations for new insights into issues such as memory, feasting, social hierarchy, and ritual. To what extent this multisensory awareness can be practiced across the chain of archaeological knowledge production is much debated. Whether individual sensory experiences of excavation and finds analysis in the present are relevant for interpreting the past can be queried, but “doing” a more sensory archaeology must involve some element of reflection. Experiments with sensual narratives, audio recordings, collaborations with contemporary artists, and augmented reality (AR) explore dissemination beyond the traditional text and image. Museums have embedded multisensory elements within exhibitions and collections management, both to further engage the public and at a curatorial level to create more inclusive object biographies. Rather than requiring archaeologists to embrace a paradigm shift, as some have called for, sensory archaeology is one more element in the toolkit that enriches our understanding of past lives.

Refiguring the Language of Race

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Garloff
Keyword(s):  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Love Stories ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Orientations ◽  
Final Verdict ◽  
German Jewish ◽  
The One

This chapter jumps to the turn of the century, when the rise of racial antisemitism fostered a new Jewish self-awareness and rendered “interracial” love and marriage central to the public debates about German Jewish identity. It analyzes three German Jewish writers of different and paradigmatic political orientations, who used love stories to diagnose the reasons for the faltering of emancipation: the assimilationist Ludwig Jacobowski, the Zionist Max Nordau, and the mainstream liberal Georg Hermann. Their works, including Jacobowski's Werther the Jew (1892), Nordau's Doctor Kohn (1899), and Hermann's Jettchen Gebert (1906), show how love stories potentially escape the ideological constraints of increasingly racialized models of identity. On the one hand, the love plot affords an opportunity to expose the obstacles encountered by Jews seeking integration in times of rising antisemitism. On the other hand, the open endings of most love stories and the ambiguous use of racial language allow the authors to eschew a final verdict on the success or failure of integration. The chapter argues that the love plot generates a host of equivocations between the social and the biological, and the particular and the universal, creating a metaphorical surplus that opens up venues to rethink the project of Jewish emancipation and assimilation.

Postcolonial Orientalisms

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludovic-Mohamed Zahed
Keyword(s):  
Social Consequences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One ◽  
Exclusive Or

This chapter introduces the social consequences of, on the one hand, inclusive interpretations and, on the other hand, exclusive (or, quite simply, homophobic, transphobic, and misogynistic) interpretations of scripture, showing how queer Muslims in France, in Europe, and elsewhere position themselves in relation to the theoretical and theological debates in the Islamic world.

scholarly journals Fare Evasion in Public Transport: Grouping Transantiago Users’ Behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 6543 ◽  
Author(s):  
González ◽  
Busco ◽  
Codocedo
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Social Acceptability ◽  
Cluster Analyses ◽  
The Public ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
The Social ◽  
Fare Evasion ◽  
Bus System ◽  
Taking Care

A survey was conducted in July 2018 on the public bus system in Santiago, Chile, in which 457 users were asked to respond to a list of 42 statements expressing a range of attitudes on different aspects of the problem of fare evasion. The respondents were first categorized according to whether they had been observed paying or not paying the fare, and their responses were then subjected to separate cluster analyses that partitioned the respondents into groups according to their views on each survey statement. The analyses identified four distinguishable types or groups among those who did not pay the fare—radical, strategic, ambivalent, and accidental evaders—and three groups among those who did pay—proud, empathetic, and circumstantial evaders. The distinguishing factors motivating the decision to pay or not to pay the fare were found generally to reflect values and attitudes or ideologies but were also influenced by users’ perception of the social acceptability of evasion, the presence of anti-evasion measures, and how “organized” they were in taking care to have a farecard with them when planning to take a bus.

scholarly journals Somos nosotros, somos gobierno. Experiencia de movimientos sociales en Bolivia

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 264-276
Author(s):  
María Virginia Quiroga
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Social Recognition ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
General Elections ◽  
The One ◽  
Movimientos Sociales

The emergence of social movements in the public arena had to do with neoliberalism´s negative consequences. Different actors with different interests worked together against the system, which became their “common antagonist”.  On the one hand, after years of autonomous organization, these social movements won social recognition and increased their power. On the other, political parties and trade unions lost legitimacy.  In December 2005, a faction of the Bolivian social movements won the general elections, and Evo Morales (the cocalero movement´s leader) became the first Aymara president in Bolivian history. How to manage this government it is one of the majors challenges the social movements confront in today’s Bolivia. La emergencia de movimientos sociales en la esfera pública está ligada a las consecuencias negativas del neoliberalismo.  Actores sociales provenientes de distintos sectores y con intereses distintos unieron fuerzas contra un sistema que se convirtió en el “antagonista común”.  Después de años de organización autónoma, estos movimientos lograron reconocimiento político e incrementaron su poder de gestión, mientras los partidos políticos y los sindicatos perdían legitimidad.  En diciembre 2005 una facción de los movimientos sociales ganó las elecciones generales y Evo Morales (líder del movimiento cocalero) se convirtió en el primer Presidente aymara de la historia de Bolivia. Cómo gestionar este gobierno constituye hoy día uno de los mayores retos que enfrentan los movimientos sociales.

scholarly journals Abolitionist and Regulatory Arguments into Perspectives

2021 ◽  
pp. 123-149
Author(s):  
Daniela Bandelli
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Transnational Feminism ◽  
Individual Choice ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Female Agency ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One ◽  
Condition Of Women ◽  
Self Objectification

AbstractSurrogacy is becoming a new cause for transnational feminism and the public debate is strongly influenced by the commodification and autonomy/choice frames used in other battles of feminism (abortion and prostitution). This chapter will discuss the scarce appeal of the defence of women from commodification in an individualistic society that legitimizes self-determination at any cost and self-objectification; it will also highlight female agency in choosing to participate in surrogacy, inviting to understand these decisions in light of some characteristics of contemporary society, including the imperative to individual choice as well as the human domination over nature through technology; in light of the limitations of women’s freedom during pregnancy for others, the claim of surrogacy as a space for expression of a woman’s autonomy will be questioned; the claim of surrogacy as empowerment will also be questioned, highlighting the negative impact on the social condition of women. Finally, it will be proposed to shift the focus of the debate from adults to children, and, in particular, to their separation at birth from the one they identify as mother: this removal, even if done without wanting to harm, could be framed as a form of violence.

scholarly journals Criminological Problems of the Digital World (Digital Criminology)

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-430
Author(s):  
Anna Serebrennikova
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Digital World ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Technological Methods ◽  
Industrial Revolutions

The development of information society and the corresponding technologies raises to a new level the tasks of counteracting crimes committed using such technologies, and of minimizing damage from them. The growth in the scale of new types of crime is a cause of worry for the society and the authorities, and especially for criminologists, as the penetration of criminals into the virtual environment and their mastery of new technologies acquire dangerous forms, change criminal motivation and, at the same time, to some extent stimulate the development of information and telecommunication technologies. The growing sophistication of the tasks of preventing and counteracting hi tech crimes makes it necessary to critically assess the current criminological methods and to make an attempt to go beyond the known «common» methods of neo-classical criminology. The development of the digital criminology concept cannot be reduced to an aggregate of pioneer technological methods developed on the basis of mathematical modeling, i.e. computer processing of quantitative and qualitative parameters of crimes, mathematical detection of different dependencies (on time, place and other variables), it could and should be understood in a wider sense: on the one hand, it should influence the new criminological paradigm, and on the other - it should develop within its boundaries. The modern information-analytical sphere in the work of law enforcement bodes includes the use of digital criminological instruments within the programs of crime prevention, mathematical methods of analyzing crimes, profiling, etc. Their aggregate is generally applicable to criminological analysis and prediction, however, it does not have the most cutting edge theoretical basis that corresponds to the tasks of counteracting crimes of the digital world; it is now being formed on the basis of criminological neo-classics, the advances of the social sciences and the humanities, digital criminology. The predictions of new industrial revolutions include a rapid acceleration of the pace of technological development, a systemic transformation of production and management, which will not only stimulate a global rise in the living standards, but will also increase inequality and, consequently, will provide an impetus to crime. These aspects should be taken into consideration when predicting future development of digital criminology, whose theories should be based on the conceptual models of social development of the near future. Social consequences of the predicted new industrial revolutions will inevitably become new common determiners of the crimes of the future, as it always happened in the past.

scholarly journals The Foundations of N.K. Mikhailovsky's Theory. Formation of “Subjective Sociology”, Late 1860s – mid-1870s

2021 ◽  
Vol V (2) ◽  
pp. 55-78
Author(s):  
Andrey Teslya
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Social Democrats ◽  
The Public ◽  
Special Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The One

Nikolai Konstantinovich Mikhaylovsky (1842–1904) is one of the most well-known and influential Russian publicists of the last third of the 19th and the beginning of 20th century, ideologist of the Narodniki movement, the author of the conception known as “subjective sociology” and the editor of journal Russian wealth at the end of his life. Yet, while his role in the history of Russian social movement or literary-aesthetic views have been quite fully studied, his social theory has rarely become the object of the special analysis during the last century. On the one hand, it was shadowed by the theories which appeared earlier and had more influence even abroad (outside the Russian empire) as, for example, the ideas of Herzen, Bakunin, Chernyshevsky, Lavrov. On the other hand, Mikhaylovsky, who was severely criticized by Russian social democrats in 1894–1901, was perceived as a rather weak theorist. In this article, we demonstrate the essential differences between the early conceptual advances of Mikhaylovsky and P.L. Lavrov and assert that the conception of the former was influenced both by the rethinking of the Darwinism from a viewpoint of understanding of nature and by the conclusions for social theory. Unlike Lavrov, Mikhaylovsky, as well as Herzen, was an advocate of non-teleological understanding of progress and favored the interpretation of history as logical yet free from strict determinism. In conclusion, Mikhaylovsky’s opinion about the society, which was formed at the end of 1860s – first quarter of 1870s, appears as a quite consistent and elaborated system, an answer to the theoretical challenges. Firstly, on the part of the Darwinism and the attempt to apply it to the analysis of the society. Secondly, on the part of the organicism. Lastly, we give an interpretation to the decline of the public interest to the social theory of Mikhaylovsky at the end of the 19th – beginning of 20th century.

scholarly journals Partisipasi Sosial-Politik sebagai Praktik Hospitalitas Kaum Pentakostal

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 378-396
Author(s):  
Fransiskus Irwan Widjaja ◽  
Harls Evan R. Siahaan ◽  
Nathanael Octavianus
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Early Church ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
The Public ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
The One ◽  
The Church

Abstract. The involvement of the church in social life outside the church is something that continues to struggle from time to time; the church, on the one hand, felt compelled to be involved in all aspects of life; on the other, it felt sufficient to focus on the spiritual dimension of life. Meanwhile, participation in the social domain is often articulated with religious mission activities that wish to win souls and increase the number of church members. This article aimed to present a theological reflection framework on hospitality in a Pentecostal perspective, as a spirituality that drives the participatory philosophy of Pentecostals in the public sphere, both socially and politically. The method used is descriptive analysis, with a literature study approach. The result is that the hospitality attitude of the early church in the Acts constructs a Pentecostal reflection of the participation of Pentecostals in the public sphere.Abstrak. Keterlibatan gereja dalam kehidupan sosial di luar gereja merupakan hal yang terus mengalami pergumulan dari waktu ke waktu; gereja di satu sisi merasa harus terlibat dalam seluruh aspek kehidupan, di sisi lain merasa cukup untuk memfokuskan pada dimensi kehidupan rohani. Sementara itu, partisipasi pada domain sosial tidak jarang diartikulasikan dengan kegiatan misi gerejawi yang ingin memenangkan jiwa dan menambahkan jumlah anggota gereja. Artikel ini bertujuan menyajikan sebuah kerangka refleksi teologis tentang hospitalitas dalam perspektif Pentakostal, sebagai spirtualitas yang menggerakkan sikap partisipatif kaum Pentakostal pada ruang publik, baik secara sosial dan politik. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif, dengan pendekatan studi literatur. Hasilnya, sikap hospitalitas jemaat mula-mula pada narasi Kisah Para Rasul mengonstruksi sebuah perenungan Pentakostal mengenai partisipasi kaum Pentakostal pada ruang publik.

scholarly journals A natureza (dos) nos fatos urbanos: produção do espaço e degradação ambiental

2001 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gislene PEREIRA
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Urban Policies ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One

Este trabalho pretende discutir a relação entre o processo de construção do espaço urbano, a segregação socioespacial e a degradação ambiental. A urbanização crescente da população no Brasil tem feito com que os problemas decorrentes desse processo (carência de infra-estrutura, densificação de áreas inadequadas, degradação ambiental, segregação socioespacial) centralizem nas últimas décadas as discussões de governantes, técnicos e cientistas sociais. Cabe, então, perguntar: por que nossas cidades não têm a qualidade que todos queremos, mesmo depois das inúmeras iniciativas preconizadas pelo poder público para reversão dessas tendências negativas? Nosso interesse aqui é discutir essas questões a partir do caso particular da cidade de Curitiba, a qual, apesar de vir se destacando por experiências bem sucedidas de planejamento, segue os padrões brasileiros no que se refere à segregação socioespacial. Entendemos que a discussão das questões urbanas deve ser centrada nos elementos que contribuem para a segregação socioespacial e nas possibilidades e limites das políticas públicas de controle do uso do solo respondendo de forma positiva para a sua superação. A partir do conhecimento da lógica da produção do espaço o trabalho pretende averiguar as possibilidades de integração das políticas urbanas, com o objetivo de promover a melhoria da qualidade ambiental. The nature (of) our urban facts: productions of space and environmental degradation Abstract This work intends to discuss the relation among the process of construction of the urban space, the social-spacial segregation and the environmental degradation. The growing urbanisation of the Brazilian population has led the problems which come from such process – lack of infrastructure, unsuitable densification of areas, environmental degradation, social-space segregation – to centralize the discussion of governmental rulings, technicians and social scientists. So, it’s worthy to ask: why our cities do not have the quality we want, even after several initiatives advocated by the public policies to revert these negative trends? Our interest here is to discuss such questions from the particular case of Curitiba city, the one which, despite of being standing out itself throughout well-succeded experiences of planning, follows the Brazilian patterns related to the social-spacial segregation. We understand that the discussion of urban questions must be focused on the elements which contribute to the social-spacial segregation and on the possibilities and limits of the public policies to answer in a positive way to their overcoming. From the knowledge of the production logic of the space, this work intends to check out the possibilities of integration of the urban policies, with the aim of promoting the increasing of the environmental quality.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document