scholarly journals Economic Effect of Insect Pest Management Strategies on Small-scale Tomato Production in Mississippi

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-75
Author(s):  
Ronald C. Stephenson ◽  
Christine E.H. Coker ◽  
Benedict C. Posadas ◽  
Gary R. Bachman ◽  
Richard L. Harkess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Insect Pest Management ◽  
Insect Management ◽  
Organic Insecticides

Due to difficulty in monitoring insect pests, applications of insecticides are frequently conducted on a calendar schedule. However, seasonal variability in pest populations leads to these calendar schedules sometimes being inaccurate. Threshold-based insect management strategies, including use of thresholds with conventional pesticides and with use of organic pesticides only, were compared with a conventional calendar approach for yield, management cost, and production value of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Effect of cultivar was considered by inclusion of the long season cultivar Celebrity and the short season cultivar Early Girl Bush. These factors were compared for spring and fall seasons during two production years. Greatest total and marketable yields were obtained from use of conventional pesticides according to action thresholds. Use of organic insecticides according to thresholds did not affect yields in comparison with a calendar-based approach. Proportion of fruit rated unmarketable was greater with use of organic insecticides due to reduced efficacy and residual of control. Production costs for the organic threshold-based approach were greater due to increased number of insecticide applications required. Gross margin for both conventional and organic threshold-based insect pest management was greater than for the conventional calendar method. Increased economic return for conventional threshold-based management was due to increased yields. Increase in return for organic threshold management was based on premiums received for organically grown tomatoes. Adoption of conventional threshold-based insect pest management by small-scale producers has the potential to increase production efficiency and value, as well as increase environmental sustainability of production. Economic feasibility of organic production requires access to markets willing to pay significant premiums for organic produce. Further research to evaluate economic and yield impacts of production practices for small-scale farms is needed.

scholarly journals The Promise of a Multi-Disciplinary, Mixed-Methods Approach to Inform Insect Pest Management: Evidence From Wyoming Alfalfa

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randa Jabbour ◽  
Shiri Noy
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Insect Pest Management ◽  
Biological Pest Control ◽  
Insect Management

Pest management strategies involve a complex set of considerations, circumstances, and decision-making. Existing research suggests that farmers are reflexive and reflective in their management choices yet continue to employ curative rather than preventative strategies, and opt for chemical over biological solutions. In this piece, we detail work from a two-year, multidisciplinary, mixed-methods study of insect pest management strategies in alfalfa in Wyoming, integrating data from four focus groups, a statewide survey, and biological sampling of production fields. We outline how these different sources of data together contribute to a more complete understanding of the challenges and strategies employed by farmers, and specifically on biological pest control. We applied this approach across alfalfa hay and seed crop systems. Relatively few farmers acknowledged biological control in focus groups or surveys, yet biological exploration yielded abundant parasitism of common pest alfalfa weevil. On the other hand, parasitism of seed alfalfa pest Lygus was far less common and patchy across fields. It is only in integrating quantitative and qualitative, biological and social data that we are able to generate a more complete portrait of the challenges and opportunities of working with farmers to embrace a preventative paradigm. In doing so, we offer insights on possible barriers to the adoption of preventative insect management strategies and provide a case study of integrating social science and biophysical techniques to better understand opportunities to expand biological pest control in cropping systems.

scholarly journals Hydrogels: From Controlled Release to a New Bait Delivery for Insect Pest Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 2061-2068
Author(s):  
Jia-Wei Tay ◽  
Dong-Hwan Choe ◽  
Ashok Mulchandani ◽  
Michael K Rust
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Insect Pest Management ◽  
Release Formulation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Minimal Environmental Impact

Abstract Here, we review the literature on the development and application of hydrogel compounds for insect pest management. Researchers have used hydrogel compounds for the past few decades to achieve the controlled release of various contact insecticides, but in recent years, hydrogel compounds have also been used to absorb and deliver targeted concentrations of toxicants within a liquid bait to manage insect pests. The highly absorbent hydrogel acts as a controlled-release formulation that keeps the liquid bait available and palatable to the target pests. This review discusses the use of various types of hydrogel compounds in pest management based on different environmental settings (e.g., agricultural, urban, and natural areas), pest systems (e.g., different taxa), and modes of insecticide delivery (e.g., spray vs bait). Due to their unique physicochemical properties, hydrogel compounds have great potential to be developed into new and efficacious pest management strategies with minimal environmental impact. We will also discuss the future research and development of hydrogels in this review.

Expression of GNA and biting site-restricted cry1Ac in cotton; an efficient attribution to insect pest management strategies

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saber Delpasand Khabbazi ◽  
Afsaneh Delpasand Khabbazi ◽  
S. Fatih Özcan ◽  
Allah Bakhsh ◽  
Dilek Başalma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Insect Pest Management

Cotton insect pest management on small scale farms in Zambia—I. Farmers' perceptions

1987 ◽  
Vol 8 (4-5-6) ◽  
pp. 1001-1006
Author(s):  
I. Javaid ◽  
J. N. Zulu ◽  
G. A. Matthews ◽  
G. A. Norton
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Insect Pest Management

scholarly journals The Future of Organic Insect Pest Management: Be a Better Entomologist or Pay for Someone Who Is

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
David Headrick
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Population Monitoring ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Insect Pest Management ◽  
Pest Monitoring ◽  
Certified Organic ◽  
Additional Level ◽  
Management Tactics

Insect pest management in certified organic production systems presents considerable challenges for growers. The Federal National Organic Program (NOP) guidelines list acceptable tactics, but their effective use requires a considerable knowledgebase in entomology. The range of tactics allowed by the NOP are viewed as limiting by many growers and there are important elements missing from the list such as pest monitoring and identification. Educational programs must consider utilizing instructional methods and additional means of outreach that introduce new pest management tactics that are individualized, regionally appropriate and emphasize grower adoption and collaboration with local professionals. This review describes the challenges and knowledge burden associated with the listed NOP pest management guidelines, provides an educational model that includes an additional level of professional support for enhanced adoption of novel pest management tactics, or refinement of current practices, with a special emphasis on the importance of insect pest population monitoring.

Status of cone and seed insect pest management in Canadian seed orchards

1994 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 745-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter de Groot ◽  
Jean J. Turgeon ◽  
Gordon E. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Insect Pest Management ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Conifer Seed ◽  
Seed Insects

Many of Canada's conifer seed orchards are entering their productive phase. In most, if not all seed orchards, insect pest management will be required in order to meet the seed production targets. Canadian seed orchard managers will soon need to know the basic requirements and what information is available to implement an insect pest management program. In this review, a synthesis is provided of the major components of an integrated pest management program for cone and seed insects. A list of the insect pests of conifer cones and seeds in Canada as well as features of their life cycles and population dynamics that could influence pest management strategies is presented. Current and future needs for insect damage appraisal and insect monitoring techniques are discussed. Finally, the various strategies and tactics to control insects are reviewed. Key words: conifer seed orchards, cone insects, seed insects, pest management strategies, integrated pest management

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