scholarly journals Horticultural Import Diversification by U.S. Cucumber Processors: A Monte Carlo Risk Assessment

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 472-478
Author(s):  
Byron L. Frenz ◽  
Jack E. Staub
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Investment Risk ◽  
Investment Strategies ◽  
The U.S

Development projects in developing countries are generally considered to be speculative investments. Potentially significant returns on investment opportunities are often overlooked by assuming that investment risks in developing countries are greater or less manageable than the risks of investment in developed countries. An import purchasing-risk evaluation identified the costs associated with the production and export of processing cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.) from Hispaniola (Haiti and the Dominican Republic) to the United States. Although production and export analyses suggested that Hispaniola might not replace Mexico as the primary source of cucumbers for processing in the United States between November and April, Hispaniola affords the U.S. processing industry with an alternative investment option for reducing single-sourcing raw product risk. Therefore, an import diversification evaluation was conducted using Monte Carlo simulation to define a investment-risk model. Monte Carlo simulations of the means and variances of the components of cost andprice were used to assess investment risk under various investment strategies. This model identified sources of cost variation which were then used to characterize export risks derived from growing processing cucumbers on Hispaniola. It was determined that U.S. processors can reduce overall purchasing-risk by diversifying Mexican production to Hispaniola. Through the creation of a strategic transportation alliance between the U.S. and Hispaniola project participants, the export-import costs were such that the investment-risk model identified the allocation of 80% of the production in Mexico and 20% in Haiti as the most favorable diversification strategy. This strategy offered less risk and greater potential long-term returns than purchasing cucumbers solely in Mexico.

scholarly journals International Student Transitions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sharif Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
International Students ◽  
International Student ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The U.S

Andrade and James Hartshorn (2019) surrounds the transition that international students encounter when they attend universities in developed countries in pursuit of higher education. Andrade and James Hartshorn (2019) describe how some countries like Australia and the United Kingdom host more international students than the United States (U.S.) and provides some guidelines for the U.S. higher education institutions to follow to host more international students. This book contains seven chapters.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Artificial Feeding

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 804-804
Author(s):  
STANLEY A. PLOTKIN
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Artificial Feeding ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Dr Halsey has brought to my attention that a sentence in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection control statement (AAP News, September 1988) and perinatal statement (Pediatrics 1988;82:941-944) might be misinterpreted as advocating artificial feeding for HP/-infected infants in developing countries. It was our intention to advocate the use of artificial feeding by HIV-infected mothers only in the United States and other developed countries where safe water and hygienic practices are the norm. In other countries, the advantages of breast milk outweigh the possible risk of transmission to the newborn.

scholarly journals How Trade Hurt Unskilled Workers

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Wood
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
The Future ◽  
Unskilled Workers ◽  
Economic Position

This paper argues that the main cause of the deteriorating economic position of unskilled workers in the United States and other developed countries has been expansion of trade with developing countries. In the framework of a Heckscher-Ohlin model, it outlines the evidence in support of this view, responds to criticisms of this evidence, and challenges the evidence for the alternative view that the problems of unskilled workers are caused mainly by new technology. The paper concludes with a look at the future and at the implications for public policy.

Health effects of pesticides on agricultural farmers in the developing countries of Fiji, Ecuador, the Philippines, and Costa Rica versus the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Imani Love ◽  
Chistina Pollanis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Farm Workers ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Global Issues

This paper will compare and contrast the reasons and statistics of development of negative health affects experienced by farmers and farm workers exposed to pesticides in both developed and developing countries. Several studies have suggested that a constant and close exposure of pesticides have negative affect on those who work closely with them. In developed countries farmers and farm workers have a lower risk of being affect by pesticides, whereas, in developing countries many workers face several disadvantages that affect the opportunities that they may be afforded. Countries in which one can clearly examine these specific global issues include developing countries such as: Ecuador, Fiji, Philippines and Costa Rica. These countries have the lack of knowledge surrounding pesticides, outdated technology, and the economic value of crops outweighing the value of human health. Whereas, within developed countries, such as the United States that are afforded more technology and that are scientifically aware and knowledgeable about pesticides, farmers and farm laborers experience improved circumstances and statistics that surround the use of pesticides amongst agricultural workers and farmers. Being that farmers and farm workers from both developed and developing countries are individuals who treat and nurture agricultural lands closely, including the application of pesticides; they inhale a high concentration of the chemicals. Another contributing factor to the inhaling of high concentration is the amount of time each worker spends concocting the mixture of insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, nematocides (used to kill nematodes, elongated cylindrical worms), and rodenticides and applying the mixture to the crops. Creation of the mixture, application of pesticides, and disposable of pesticide containers contribute in making the farmers and farm workers high at risk for developing pesticide related illnesses. By researching and further examining the various circumstances that surround the production and application of pesticides, what will be determined are what types of acute or chronic illnesses emerge and why are they more prevalent in developing countries rather than developed countries.

La Campaña Permanente: Mexico's Antidrug Campaign

1978 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. Craig
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
South America ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Potency ◽  
Psychotropic Substances ◽  
Antidrug Campaign ◽  
The U.S

The problems associated with drug abuse in the United States have received considerable attention in recent years. By the mid-1970s, approximately 500,000 Americans were addicted to heroin, while at least 15 million were regular or casual users of marijuana. None of this heroin originates domestically, and only a small percentage of the marijuana, and this of low potency, is home-grown. Consequently, the question of source has become cardinal to most analyses of drug use and abuse in the United States.Mexico has long been the primary source of high potency marijuana for the American market. Despite the recent influx from Jamaica and Colombia, Mexico still supplies an estimated 70% of the annual American consumption, or some 10 million pounds. More importantly, Mexico is currently the source of 70% to 80% of the heroin on the U.S. market, an alarming 6-8 ton annual figure. Furthermore, Mexico is both a primary transshipment route for cocaine, an increasingly popular drug originating in South America, and the source of vast quantities of psychotropic substances.

scholarly journals Analysis of Trade Diversion Effect Under Sino-us Trade Friction - Taking Developing Countries and Developed Countries As Examples

2021 ◽  
Vol 275 ◽  
pp. 01031
Author(s):  
Chuang Deng
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Trade Diversion ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Double Difference ◽  
The Third ◽  
Trade Friction ◽  
Trade Frictions

Under the background of sino-us trade friction, what kind of trade diversion effect will china produce to the third country market. Based on the monthly import and export data of China and its 11 major trading partners from January 2014 to December 2019, this paper analyzes the trade diversion of sino-us trade frictions to China’s neighboring countries by using the double-difference and panel quantile methods, and through the selection of developing countries and developed countries as a control group for the spillover effects of trade transfer analysis. Empirical analysis: under the background of China’s trade frictions, China’s imports and exports to the United States have been significantly negatively affected, the trade conflict between China and the United States has a significant trade diversion effect on the third country, and the spillover effect on the developing country is larger and longer-term than that on the developed country.

The Growth of E-Commerce in Developing Countries

2013 ◽  
pp. 29-43
Author(s):  
Japhet E. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Market ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Purchase Behavior ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Use Of The Internet

The growth of the Internet has opened up a vast arena, providing more opportunities for businesses, particularly small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to sell their products and services to a global audience than they would have been able to afford to reach using the traditional methods. SMEs are extremely important to many countries and their contribution to economy cannot be over emphasized. Several researchers have studied the contribution of the Internet and highlight the importance of convenience, satisfaction, quality, and consumer purchase behavior. In this study, it is argued that SMEs stand to benefit significantly from the opportunities and benefits that the Internet offers to businesses. Therefore, the use of the Internet is widely seen as critical for the competitiveness of SMEs in the emerging global market. The study is exploratory in nature and will be conducted in three stages. The findings presented in this paper, argues that SMEs in developing countries must learn from the experiences of developed countries, such as the United States and European countries, and use the Internet more frequently.

Law and Development in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Shik Lee
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Law And Development ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
The Third World ◽  
Unexpected Outcome

Abstract Economic development is the term that has been associated with less developed countries in the Third World (“developing countries”), not the economically advanced countries (“developed countries”), such as the United States. However, the changing economic conditions in recent decades, such as the widening income gaps among individual citizens and regions within developed countries, stagnant economic growth deepening economic polarization, and an institutional incapacity to deal with these issues, render the concept of economic development relevant to the assessment of the economic problems in developed countries. In the United States, these economic problems caused a significant political consequence such as the unexpected outcome of the presidential election in 2016. This article examines the applicability of the legal and institutional approaches, which were originally adopted to stimulate economic development in successful developing countries, to the economic problems in the United States.

Explaining the Rise of Globalization

Free Traders ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Malcolm Fairbrother
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
North America ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Financial Institutions ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Electoral Incentives ◽  
The World

This chapter summarizes the main themes of this book, and the theory it proposes of why the governments of so many nations around the world decided to globalize their economies in the late 20th century. The book asks whether the foundations of globalization were democratic, in the sense that politicians’ decisions derived from public opinion and electoral incentives, and also whether globalization as based on mainstream economic ideas. As shown by the cases of Canada, Mexico, and the United States, and the ways they established free trade in North America, the book shows that globalization has been more of an elite than a democratic project, and one based on folk economics rather than expert ideas. Business has been the motor force in developed countries; in developing countries, states have acted more autonomously from domestic business, but they have been more subject to pressure from international financial institutions.

Conclusion

2019 ◽  
pp. 157-164
Author(s):  
Gamonal C. Sergio ◽  
César F. Rosado Marzán
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Labor Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
Freedom Of Association ◽  
The World ◽  
Developed World ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Better Than

This chapter, the book’s conclusion, summarizes the book’s main points and generally describes how the U.S. case illuminates the utility of Latin America and principled labor law for the rest of the world. It argues that, despite globalization, neoliberalism, labor law crises, and whatnot, many countries have deep traditions, legal and otherwise, that support protecting the weak and, as such, the protective principle and its correlative principles, primacy of reality, nonwaiver, and continuity. If the United States, one of the least labor-protective jurisdictions in the developed world, has the potential of having a labor-protective jurisprudence, other countries might do even better than the United States if they ascribe to principled labor law. In fact, the chapter briefly shows how the United Kingdom’s courts acknowledge primacy of reality (fact) and the protective principle in recent cases dealing with “gig” work. The conclusion also acknowledges that the book has been partial to state-enforced labor law, discussing little the importance of freedom of association. However, it asserts that freedom of association remains a necessary aspect for workers’ rights. As such, the book has provided a necessary but still incomplete toolbox for robust labor law. It concludes by underscoring the need for labor-protective jurisprudence in developed and developing countries alike, and the relevance of Latin America for at least part of that task.

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