scholarly journals Using Ultra-high Carbon Dioxide Levels Enhances Plantlet Growth In Vitro

1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent Tisserat ◽  
Christopher Herman ◽  
Robert Silman ◽  
Rodney J. Bothast
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Length ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Plantlet Growth ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Levels ◽  
Culture Growth ◽  
Citrus Macrophylla ◽  
High Carbon Dioxide

A continuous CO2 flow system was used to study the growth of carrot (Daucus carota L.), citrus (Citrus macrophylla L.), kale (Brassica oleracea L.), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), radish (Raphanus sativus L.), and tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L.) cultures in vitro under photoautotrophic, photomixotrophic, and heterotrophic conditions. Lettuce plantlets were grown on Murashige and Skoog medium with 0%, 0.3%, 1%, and 3% sucrose within flow chambers containing 350, 750, 1500, 3000, 10,000, 30,000, and 50,000 μL·L−1 CO2. Increasing the levels of CO2, especially at the ultra-high levels (i.e., ≥3,000 μL·L−1 CO2), increased fresh weight, shoot length, leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, root number, and root length for plantlets grown regardless of sucrose levels tested compared to plantlets grown at normal atmospheric CO2 levels, i.e., 350 μL·L-1. For example, fresh weights of lettuce plantlets grown on medium containing 0% or 3% sucrose increased 11- and 13-fold, respectively, when supplemented with 30,000 μL·L-1 CO2 compared to growth of lettuce plantlets grown on the same media without CO2 enrichment. Similar fold increases in growth responses were obtained with carrot, citrus, kale, radish, and tomato plantlets grown in atmospheres enriched with high CO2 levels, elevated from 3000 to 30,000 μL·L-1. Optimum CO2 concentration varied among species, suggesting a species-related response. Varying the rate of CO2 application between 250, 500, 1500, or 2000 mL·min-1 did not effect the rate of growth of lettuce plantlets. The passive diffusion continuous flow-through system presented in this paper is inexpensive, easily constructed, and allows for testing ultra-high CO2 levels on plant culture growth in vitro.

scholarly journals Interaction of Culture Vessel Size, Medium Volume, and Carbon Dioxide Levels on the Growth of Various Plants in Vitro

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 515D-515
Author(s):  
Brent Tisserat ◽  
Robert Silman ◽  
Karen Ray
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Culture Vessel ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Vessel Size ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Levels ◽  
Culture Growth ◽  
In Vitro Growth Responses

Ultra-high levels of CO2, i.e., >10,000 ppm, enhance tissue culture growth and offers a relatively simple and inexpensive method to improve plant productivity in vitro. Growth responses employing ultra-high CO2 levels differ considerably in the literature. Unfortunately, various culture vessels and systems have been employed, making comparisons difficult. In this study, the influence of the vessel container size, medium volume, and various CO2 concentrations (0 to 50,000 ppm) was studied on the growth obtained from lettuce and spearmint cultures. All three of these factors influence growth responses from plants cultured in vitro. Vessel types tested included: culture tubes, Magenta containers, 1-quart jars, 0.5-gallon jars, and 1-gallon jars having culture volumes of 55, 365, 925, 1850, and 3700 ml, respectively. Increasing the size of the culture vessel resulted in an increase growth regardless of the CO2 level tested. For example, fresh weight of spearmint increases of >250% can be obtained in by employing a 1-quart jar compared to using a culture tube. Increasing medium volume using various vessel types, especially using high concentrations of CO2, resulted in dramatic growth increases. For example, a >100% increase in fresh weight could be obtained by increasing the medium volume from 50 ml to 100 ml within a 1-quart jar. These studies suggest that plant growth promoted by supplemental CO2 is limited by the culture vessel size and medium volume. Differences in growth responses obtained in past CO2 studies could be related to vessel type and medium volume as well as the CO2 levels employed. Future in vitro studies should consider these factors in the evaluation of the influence of Ultra-high CO2 levels on plant growth. Peculiar growth responses, especially pertaining to rooting and shooting exhibited by cultures grown in ultra-high CO2 levels will also be discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of. Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide on the Mitochondria of Sclerotium Rolfsh

1969 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1061
Author(s):  
NG Nair ◽  
NH White ◽  
DM Griffin ◽  
Suzanne Blair§
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
External Stresses ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Levels ◽  
Effect Of Oxygen ◽  
High Carbon Dioxide

The number of mitochondria apparently vary with the energy requirements of the cell (see Rouiller 1960). Although swelling and multiplication of mitochondria have been observed to occur in cells, a quantitative analysis of these changes has not been recorded. Matile and Bahr (1968) have recently provided electron micro-scopic evidence of the heterogeneity of density, mass, and volume of the mitochon-drial population in respiring baker's yeast. There are reports in the literature of the complete absence of mitochondria in yeast cells growing under anaerobic conditions (see Marchant and Smith 1968). Griffin and Nair (1968) demonstrated that the growth of Sclerotium rolfsii was inhibited by concentrations of oxygen below 4% and by concentrations of carbon dioxide above 0�03 %. It was, therefore, thought worthwhile to study the changes in mitochondria of this fungus when the cells are subjected to external stresses of low oxygen and high carbon dioxide levels.

Morphogenèse de la vigne in vitro sous atmosphère enrichie en gaz carbonique : importance de l'antériorité morphogénétique des microboutures et du nombre de subcultures

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 1129-1133
Author(s):  
Marie-Claire Héloir ◽  
Jean-Claude Fournioux
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
High Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Selection Of

This study reveals that morphogenesis of grapevine plants (Vitis vinifera L.) produced in vitro under carbon dioxide enriched atmosphereis largely determined by the morphogenetic pattern of vitroplants on which microcuttings were harvested. The presence of tendrils on shoots or shoot parts from which microcuttings were made was essential to obtain a high percentage of adult vitroplants with ternary sequence of tendrils. Therefore, under in vitro culture conditions, the ability of the axillary meristem to produce tendrils is closely correlated with the ability of the apical meristem from which it originated. The interest of these results is discussed from a fundamental standpoint. It allows to suggest an improved process of adult vitroplants production under high carbon dioxide level in which the relative importance of the selection of microcuttings and the number of subcultures is defined.Key words: maturation, micropropagation, tendrils, Vitis vinifera.

scholarly journals Regulation of Gycolytic Metabolism in Asparagus under Low-oxygen, High-carbon-dioxide Atmospheres

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 599e-599
Author(s):  
S.M. Silva ◽  
R.C. Herner ◽  
R.M. Beaudry
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Glycolytic Intermediates ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Glycolytic Control ◽  
High Carbon Dioxide

Asparagus (Asparagus officinallis L. `Giant Jersey') was stored a in flow-through system at 0°C under levels of O2 ranging from 0.1 to 21 kPa in combination with three levels of CO2 (0, 10 and 20 kPa) for 21 d. The resulting changes in RQ and soluble sugars were monitored. The levels of sucrose were higher at 0 kPa of CO2 and at O2 levels >2 kPa; however, those levels were extremely reduced at combinations of high CO2 and low O2. Glucose levels were higher at 0 kPa CO2 when O2 concentrations levels were >1.5 kPa compared to CO2 at 10 and 20 kPa. Fructose levels were maintained higher with CO2 at 20 kPa for all levels of O2, showing lower levels as CO2 decreased. Glycolytic intermediates were evaluated to support the sugar accumulation data. Phosphorylated intermediate levels were altered in spears by CO2 and O2 treatments. Glycolytic control point enzymes were analyzed and may account for sugar accumulation and/or degradation induced by the atmospheric treatments.

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