scholarly journals A Model for Dry Bean Yield Loss Due to Rust

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale T. Lindgren ◽  
Kent M. Eskridge ◽  
James R. Steadman ◽  
Daniel M. Schaaf
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Uromyces Appendiculatus ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Efficacy Trials ◽  
Weighted Analysis ◽  
Bean Yield

Severity of rust (Uromyces appendiculatus) and yield of dry edible beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were recorded for 9 years in west-central Nebraska in fungicidal efficacy trials. A weighted analysis of covariance was used to estimate yield loss due to rust. The model fit the data well (R2=0.94), and the slope over all years had a 19 kg.ha−1 decrease in yield for each 1% increase in severity of rust. Yield response within years occurred only through reduction of rust for most fungicide treatments.

Dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) tolerance to imazethapyr

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 915-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Blackshaw ◽  
G. Saindon
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Dry Beans ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Bean Yield

A field study was conducted during 3 yr to determine the growth and yield response of Pinto, Pink Red and Great Northern dry beans to various doses of imazethapyr. Imazethapyr was applied postemergence at 0, 25, 50 75 100, 150, and 200 g ha−1 to each class of dry bean. Results indicated that these four classes of dry beans responded similarly to imazethapyr. Dry bean injury increased and yields were reduced as dose of imazethapyr increased. At the proposed use dose of 50 g ha−1, imazethapyr reduced yield by 5 to 6%. Imazethapyr at 100 g ha−1 reduced dry bean yield by 10 to 12% and delayed maturity by 3 to 4 d. Benefits of superior weed control attained with imazethapyr should be weighed against potential crop injury when growers consider using imazethapyr in their dry bean weed management programs. Key words: Herbicide injury, maturity, seed yield, seed weight

scholarly journals Coinoculation Effects of the Pathogens Causing Common Bacterial Blight, Rust, and Bean Common Mosaic in Phaseolus vulgaris

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.Z. Zaiter ◽  
D.P. Coyne ◽  
J.R. Steadman
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Bean Common Mosaic Virus ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Uromyces Appendiculatus ◽  
Common Bacterial Blight ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Screening For Resistance ◽  
Prior Infection

Ten dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars/lines with differential reactions to rust were used in growth chamber experiments to determine rust [Uromyces appendiculatus (Pers.) Unger var. appendiculutus, (U a)], and common bacterial blight Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli (E.F. Sm.) Dews. (X c p)] reactions on leaves when coinoculated with both pathogens. The X c p-U a necrosis symptoms were very different from those caused by X c p alone. Depending on the level of host susceptibility to rust, the X c p reaction remained confined within the rust pustule or spread beyond the pustule area, causing a necrosis of the entire leaf. Prior infection of bean seedlings with bean common mosaic virus (BCMV), NY-15 strain, reduced rust pustule size, but did not affect the reaction to X c p. Screening with X c p and BCMV can be done at the same time during the early vegetative stage, but the interactions of U a with X c p and of BCMV with U a need to be considered in screening for resistance.

Dry Bean Yield Response to Different Irrigation Rates in Southwestern Colorado

jpa ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 422-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi M. Al-Kaisi ◽  
Abdel F. Berrada ◽  
Mark W. Stack
Keyword(s):  
Yield Response ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Bean Yield

Wild Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum) Interference in Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris)

Weed Science ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Panicum Miliaceum ◽  
Dry Beans ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Rectangular Hyperbola ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
Bean Yield

Effects of proso millet interference with irrigated dry beans were evaluated in Nebraska over a 2-yr period. Dry bean yield reduction ranged from 12 to 31% from a wild proso millet density of 10 plants m-2. As density increased, dry bean yield reduction could be predicted with a rectangular hyperbola regression model. Ten wild proso millet plants m-2growing with dry beans produced 14 780 to 21 420 seed m-2. Dry bean yields were reduced 41 and 11% in 1990 and 1991, respectively, when wild proso millet removal was delayed 6 wk after dry bean planting. Four weeks of weed-free maintenance were sufficient to provide dry bean yields comparable to plots kept weed free all season.

scholarly journals Volunteer Corn (Zea mays) Interference in Dry Edible Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 937-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo M. Sbatella ◽  
Andrew R. Kniss ◽  
Emmanuel C. Omondi ◽  
Robert G. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Proper Time ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Dry Edible Bean ◽  
Seed Field ◽  
Bean Yield ◽  
Volunteer Corn ◽  
Growing Conditions

Volunteer corn can affect dry bean by reducing yields; expanding the life cycle of insects, mites, and pathogens; interfering with harvest; and contaminating bean seed. Field studies were conducted at Lingle, WY, and Scottsbluff, NE, to determine the relationship between volunteer corn density and dry bean yield, establish the proper time of volunteer corn removal, and determine whether dry bean yield was affected by the method used to remove volunteer corn. Volunteer corn reduced dry bean yields, as recorded in other crops. Growing conditions for each location were different, as indicated by the accumulated growing degree days (GDD): Lingle 2008 (990), Lingle 2009 (780), and Scottsbluff 2009 (957). No difference in dry bean yields was observed between hand removal of volunteer corn and herbicide application. Dry bean yield loss increased with longer periods of volunteer corn competition and ranged from 1.2 to 1.8% yield loss for every 100 GDD that control was delayed. Control measures should be implemented 15 to 20 d after planting when volunteer corn densities are close to 1 plant m−2. Dry bean yield losses also increased as volunteer corn densities increased, with losses from 6.5 to 19.3% for 1 volunteer corn plant m−2. Based on 2015 prices, the cost of controlling volunteer corn would be the equivalent of 102 kg ha−1of dry bean, and potential losses above 4% would justify control and should not be delayed beyond 15 to 20 d after planting.

Epidemiological Aspects of Uromyces appendiculatus on Dry Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) After Treatment with Bacillus subtilis

1995 ◽  
Vol 143 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 689-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. G. Mizubuti ◽  
L. A. Maffia ◽  
J. J. Muchovei ◽  
R. S. Romeiro ◽  
U. G. Batista
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Uromyces Appendiculatus ◽  
Dry Bean

Rotating alfalfa with dry bean as an alternative to corn-soybean rotations in organic systems in the Upper Midwest

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
Nicole Tautges ◽  
Claire Flavin ◽  
Thomas Michaels ◽  
Nancy Ehlke ◽  
John Lamb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Upper Midwest ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Black Bean ◽  
Organic Systems ◽  
Hog Manure ◽  
Nitrogen Fertility ◽  
Bean Yield ◽  
Red Kidney Bean

AbstractDry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) can be grown as a local food source and as an alternative to soybean (Glycine max) to diversify organic crop rotations. To understand the benefits of diversification of organic cropping systems, the effects of preceding alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and corn (Zea mays) crops on yields of five dry bean types and one soybean type, and the effect of bean type on following spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) yields, were tested at four Minnesota locations. Dry bean and soybean yields following alfalfa were 25% greater than yields following corn at two of four locations, though bean yields following corn were greater at one location. A preceding alfalfa crop benefited bean yields at locations where hog manure or no manure was applied to corn, whereas bean yields following corn fertilized with cow manure were similar to or greater than bean yields following alfalfa. Among dry bean types, black bean yielded similarly to soybean at three of four locations, but dark red kidney bean consistently yielded 25–65% lower than soybean. Navy, pinto and heirloom dry bean types yielded similarly to soybean at two of four locations. Across locations, weed biomass was 3–15 times greater in dry bean than in soybean and dry bean yield response to weed competition varied among bean types. However, dry bean, regardless of the preceding crop, demonstrated the potential to produce yields comparable with soybean in organic systems and the substitution of dry bean for soybean did not affect subsequent wheat yields. More studies are needed to identify nitrogen fertility dynamics in organic systems as they relate to dry bean yield.

scholarly journals Overwinter Survival of Bean Rust Urediniospores in North Dakota

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Gross ◽  
J. R. Venette
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
North Dakota ◽  
Uromyces Appendiculatus ◽  
Bean Rust ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Overwinter Survival ◽  
Initial Inoculum ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Bean Leaves

Bean rust (Uromyces appendiculatus) reached epidemic proportions in North Dakota and Minnesota from 1993 to 1996. Although U. appendiculatus is a macrocyclic autoecious rust, neither pycnia nor aecia have been observed in commercial dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in North Dakota fields. The source of initial inoculum is not clearly understood. This study determined the potential for urediniospore survival overwinter. Uredia-bearing bean leaves from artificially inoculated greenhouse-grown plants were kept outside near a field from November to May from 1990 to 1996. Based on bioassays urediniospores survived overwinter, but viability declined over time. Overwinter survival indicates urediniospores may function as initial inoculum.

scholarly journals Genetic and Environmental Predictors for Determining Optimal Seeding Rates of Diverse Wheat Cultivars

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant H. Mehring ◽  
Jochum J. Wiersma ◽  
Jordan D. Stanley ◽  
Joel K. Ransom
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Photoperiod Response ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Environmental Predictors ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Yield Model ◽  
Dwarfing Gene ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat

Seeding rate for maximum grain yield can differ for diverse hard red spring wheat (HRSW) (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars and is derived from a yield response curve to seeding rates. Six groups of HRSW cultivars with combinations of Rht-B, Rht-D, and Ppd-D genes were planted at five seeding rates in 21 environments during 2013–2015 throughout Minnesota and eastern North Dakota, USA. Seeding rates ranged from 1.59 to 5.55 million seeds ha−1 and planting timings were optimal and delayed dates. An analysis of covariance predictive model with 13 predetermined training environments was built for yield and tillering, and validated with eight predetermined environments. Optimal seeding rates from the yield model were not predictive for yield, with latitude of the environment negatively skewing the predictions from observed values. A second yield model fit to only the six lowest-yielding environments (<4.8 Mg ha−1) was more predictive (R2 = 0.44), and revealed yield response to seeding rate was influenced by cultivar traits for photoperiod response (Ppd-D gene) and plant stature (semi-dwarfing gene Rht-D). The tillering model was also predictive for the validation environments, with a R2 of 0.71. Using regression predictions for yield and tillering from training and validation datasets with HRSW genetic and geographic predictors shows promise to help recommend seeding rates for future environments.

Sensitivity of dry edible bean to dicamba and 2,4-D

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
Scott R. Bales ◽  
Christy L. Sprague
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Navy Bean ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Dry Edible Bean ◽  
Bean Yield

AbstractDicamba and 2,4-D exposure to sensitive crops, such as dry bean, is of great concern with the recent registrations of dicamba- and 2,4-D–resistant soybean. In 2017 and 2018, field experiments were conducted at two Michigan locations to understand how multiple factors, including dry bean market class, herbicide rate, and application timing, influence dry bean response to dicamba and 2,4-D. Dicamba and 2,4-D at rates of 0.1%, 1%, and 10% of the field use rate for dicamba and 2,4-D choline were applied to V2 and V8 black and navy bean. Field-use rates for dicamba and 2,4-D choline were 560 and 1,120 g ae ha−1, respectively. There were few differences between market classes or application timings when dry bean was exposed to dicamba or 2,4-D. Estimated rates to cause 20% dry bean injury 14 d after treatment were 4.5 and 107.5 g ae ha−1 for dicamba and 2,4-D, respectively. When dicamba was applied at 56 g ae ha−1, light interception was reduced up to 51% and maturity was delayed up to 16 d. Although both herbicides caused high levels of injury to dry bean, yield reductions were not consistently observed. At four site-years, 2,4-D did not reduce dry bean yield or seed weight with any rate tested. However, when averaged over site-years, dicamba rates of 3.7, 9.8 and 17.9 g ae ha−1 were estimated to cause 5%, 10%, and 15% yield loss, respectively. Dicamba also reduced seed weight by 10% when 56 g ae ha−1 was applied. However, the germination of harvested seed was not affected by dicamba or 2,4-D. Long delays in dry bean maturity from dicamba injury can also indirectly increase losses in yield and quality due to harvestability issues. This work further stresses the need for caution when using dicamba or 2,4-D herbicides near sensitive crops.

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