scholarly journals Effects of Silver Reflective Mulch, White Inter-row Mulch, and Plant Density on Yields of Pepper in Maine

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark G. Hutton ◽  
David T. Handley
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Double Row ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Bell Peppers ◽  
Black Plastic

Bell peppers (Capsicum annuum) are an economically important yet difficult to grow crop in northern New England. Yields of bell peppers can be increased through the use of plastic mulches; however, refinements are needed to make bell peppers a more viable crop in regions with short, variable growing seasons. The objectives of this study were to (1) compare the effects of black mulch with white inter-row much, reflective silver mulch, and standard black plastic mulched beds on bell pepper yield and quality and (2) compare the effects of two in-row plant arrangements [single rows at 12-inch within-row spacing (7260 plants/acre) and double rows spaced 18 inches apart with 18-inch in-row spacing (9680 plants/acre)] on pepper yield and quality. Treatments were factorial combinations of three mulch treatments and two within-row planting arrangements. Double rows produced more fruit by number and weight than single rows; however, fruit harvested from the double-row plots tended to be smaller than fruit harvested from the single-row plots. Mulch treatments significantly influenced total marketable yield and yield of cull bell peppers grown in Maine. The plots receiving the inter-row white mulch or reflective silver mulch treatment produced significantly greater yield than standard black plastic mulch treatment. The reflective mulch treatment produced significantly more cull fruit per acre compared with the white inter-row mulch and black plastic.

scholarly journals Colored Bell Pepper Yields from Cultivars Grown in High Tunnels in Northern New England

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 456-462
Author(s):  
Rebecca Grube Sideman
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
High Tunnel ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
High Tunnels ◽  
Bell Peppers ◽  
Controlled Environments

High tunnels can facilitate production of ripe colored bell peppers (Capsicum annuum) in locations with short growing seasons by extending the length of the growing season and protecting fruit from biotic and abiotic stressors. We grew 10 cultivars of bell pepper over 3 years in a high tunnel in Durham, NH. Yields of marketable colored fruit ranged from 1576 to 2285 g/plant in 2015, from 1194 to 1839 g/plant in 2016, and 1471 to 2358 g/plant in 2017. Significant differences in marketable yield among cultivars existed only in 2015 and 2017. Of the 10 cultivars evaluated, those developed for controlled environments produced greater marketable yields than those developed for production in the field or unheated tunnels (P < 0.0001). The seasonal production patterns were similar among cultivars in all 3 years: a single peak in production occurred between 159 and 175 days after seeding, followed by much lower but steady production until frost ended each growing season. Our results demonstrate that reasonable yields of colored bell peppers can be produced in high tunnels in locations with short growing seasons. We suggest that further work may be needed to identify optimal pruning and canopy management strategies to maximize yields and fruit quality.

scholarly journals Effect of Prohexidione-Ca and IBA on Establishment and Yield of Green-Top Bare-root Strawberry Transplants

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 848C-848
Author(s):  
John R. Duval* ◽  
Elizabeth Golden ◽  
Julia Reekie ◽  
Peter Hicklenton
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Bare Root ◽  
Block Experiment ◽  
Growth Regulator Treatment

Bare-root transplants received from high latitude nurseries for Florida production have limited root systems, very long petioles and wilt soon after planting. Further dessication occurs when leaves come in contact with black plastic mulch used in the annual production system. Conventional irrigation practices for the establishment of bare-root transplants of strawberry consist of overhead water application for at least 8 hours/day for 10-14 days after planting. Plant growth regulators (PGRs) have been used to modify the growth characteristics of many plants species. A split-block experiment was implemented at the GCREC-Dover, Dover Fla., to determine the effect of the use Prohexidione-Ca (PC) and IBA [(indole-3) butyric acid] on growth, yield and establishment of strawberry. Main blocks consisted of over head establishment irrigation for 4, 8, and 12 days, and sub-plots consisted of treatments of PC applied in the nursery at a rate of 62.5 mg·L-1 2, 4, or 6 weeks before digging, PC applied in the nursery at 31.25 mg·L-1 2 weeks before digging, a root dip of transplants in 100 mg·L-1 IBA just prior to transplanting. The experiment was conducted for four growing seasons. Data were recorded for marketable yield, number of marketable berries (>10g), and disease incidence. Significant differences were detected for duration of establishment irrigation and growth regulator treatment. No interaction was shown between establishment irrigation and growth regulator treatment.

scholarly journals Production System and Cultivar Effects on the Development of Skin Separation or “Silvering” in Bell Pepper Fruit

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian A. Wyenandt ◽  
Wesley L. Kline ◽  
Daniel L. Ward ◽  
Nancy L. Brill
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Production System ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Pepper Fruit ◽  
Bell Peppers ◽  
Black Plastic

From 2006 to 2008, four different production systems and five bell pepper cultivars (Capsicum annuum) with either no resistance (Alliance and Camelot), tolerance (Revolution), or resistance (Paladin and Aristotle) to the crown rot phase of phytophthora blight (Phytophthora capsici) were evaluated for the development of skin separation or “silvering” in fruit at a research facility and four commercial vegetable farms in southern New Jersey. Cultivar, production system, and year, each had a significant effect on the total percentage of fruit with skin separation and marketable yield. The percentage of bell pepper fruit with skin separation was higher in both phytophthora-resistant cultivars compared with the phytophthora-susceptible cultivars across all four production systems. Marketable yield was highest when bell peppers were grown in double rows on raised beds with black plastic mulch and drip irrigation compared with bell peppers grown on single rows on raised beds with black plastic mulch and drip irrigation and bell peppers grown on single rows on raised, bare ground beds with buried drip irrigation. Marketable yields were lowest when bell peppers were grown in single rows on high, ridged beds with overhead irrigation. Results of this study suggest that the development of skin separation or “silvering” in fruit is more closely associated with genotype than type of production system.

scholarly journals Amelioration of Blossom-end Rot of Bell Pepper by Rowcovers and Supplemental Calcium

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 530B-530
Author(s):  
George H. Clough ◽  
Shara E. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Supplemental Calcium ◽  
Blossom End Rot ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Calcium Fertilization

A 2-year study was conducted in eastern Oregon to evaluate the effects of hooped spunbonded polypropylene rowcovers and calcium fertilization on yield and quality of drip-irrigated bell pepper grown on black plastic mulch. The experiment was a complete factorial with four replications of two varieties, covered and uncovered plots, and three levels of supplemental calcium fertilization at 0, 34 and 68 kg·ha–1 applied through the drip irrigation system as Ca(NO3)2. Marketable yields increased with rowcover, both at the first harvest and over the season. Blossom-end rot and sunscald were reduced substantially by rowcovers; the effect was greatest during the earlier harvests. First harvest and season total yield of fancy grade peppers increased linearly as rate of supplemental calcium increased, as did total marketable yield at the first harvest. There was a trend to decreasing yield of fruit with blossom-end rot as calcium rate increased, and the percent fruit with blossom-end rot at the first harvest decreased linearly with increasing rate of calcium fertilization. Yield of fruit affected by sunscald decreased linearly as supplemental calcium rate increased at the first harvest; overall, yield of sunscald fruit was reduced by application of calcium at either rate.

scholarly journals Spunbonded Rowcover and Calcium Fertilization Improve Quality and Yield in Bell Pepper

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1150-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shara E. Alexander ◽  
George H. Clough
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Blossom End Rot ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Calcium Fertilization

A 2-year study was conducted in eastern Oregon to evaluate the effects of hooped spunbonded polypropylene rowcovers and Ca fertilization on yield and quality of drip-irrigated bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L. Grossum group) grown on black plastic mulch. The experiment was a complete factorial with four replications of two cultivars, covered and uncovered plots, and three levels of supplemental Ca fertilization at 0, 34, and 68 kg·ha-1 applied through the drip irrigation system as Ca(NO3)2. Rowcovers increased marketable yields both at the first harvest and over the season. Blossom-end rot and sunscald were reduced substantially by rowcovers; the effect was greatest during the earlier harvests. First-harvest and season total yield of fancy grade peppers increased linearly as rate of supplemental Ca increased, as did total marketable yield at the first harvest. Both yield of fruit with blossom-end rot and the percentage of fruit with blossom-end rot at the first harvest decreased as Ca rate increased. Yield of fruit affected by sunscald decreased linearly as supplemental Ca rate increased at the first harvest; overall, yield of sunscalded fruit was reduced by application of Ca at either rate.

scholarly journals Combination of Organic and Plastic Mulches to Improve the Yield and Quality of Winter Fresh Market Bell Peppers (Capsicum annuum L.)

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 701-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingren Wang ◽  
Waldemar Klassen ◽  
Edward A. Evans ◽  
Yungcong Li ◽  
Merlyn Codallo
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Dade County ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Organic Mulch ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Bell Peppers

Mulching in vegetable cultivation has been widely used to conserve water and improve yield. Field experiments with four treatments, including yard waste compost combined with plastic mulches in raised beds for winter fresh market bell peppers (Capsicum annuum L.), were conducted at two experimental sites [Pine Island Farm (PIF) and Tropical Research and Education Center (TREC)] in Miami-Dade county for two different years each. The treatments were: 1) control (PM): plastic mulch alone; 2) MC33: fumigation of the soil with a mixture of methyl bromide and chloropicrin and covered with plastic mulch; 3) herbicide/OM: organic mulch sprayed with herbicides (S-metolachlor and napropamide) without plastic mulch; and 4) PM/OM: organic mulch covered by plastic mulch. The treatment of PM/OM at both experimental sites in 2 years each increased the total marketable yields of bell pepper by 1.5- to 3.2-fold, total extra large fruit yields by 2.0- to 5.7-fold, and total large fruit yields by 1.4- to 2.6-fold, respectively, on average compared with the control, although some exceptions occurred between the two years at the TREC site. Under most circumstances at both experimental sites in two different years each, the PM/OM treatment also improved the total marketable yield and fruit quality (such as extra large fruits) for the first two harvests, which shows a preference to provide winter fresh market vegetables to meet a high demand. The economic benefit by PM/OM was the greatest among all the treatments. The results suggest that the application of organic mulch combined with plastic mulch can improve bell pepper yield and quality as a result of the improvement of soil fertility, especially the early harvests of winter fresh market fruits, which has shown a potential in the development of sustainable agriculture.

Tillage and Mulch Effects on Yield of Bell Pepper (Capiscum annum L.)

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 496a-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aref Abdul-Baki ◽  
Ronald D. Morse
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
No Till ◽  
Bell Peppers ◽  
Black Plastic

In 1997, three tillage/mulch pepper production systems were compared on raised beds at the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center (BARC), Md., and at Kentland Agricultural Research Farm (KARF), Blacksburg, Va. The tillage/mulch treatments were no-till hairy vetch (Vicia vellosa Roth) mulch (NT-HV), black plastic mulch on beds that were conventionally tilled and reformed before transplanting the peppers (CT-BP), and untilled bare soil (NT-BS). `Camelot' bell peppers were planted in early June 1997 in double rows at both sites. Both the CT-BP and NT-BS treatments received approximately double the nitrogen fertilizer, compared to NT-HV. Nitrogen was applied throughout the growing season at BARC, while all the N fertilizer was applied during the first 3 weeks of plant growth at KARF. Nine weekly harvests were made at BARC and six at KARF. Fruit yield was high in all treatments at both sites. There were no significant differences among treatments in marketable yield or fruit weight at BARC. In contrast, yield was significantly higher with CT-BP than with NT-HV and NT-BS at KARF. Higher yield with CT-BP at KARF possibly occurred from enhanced soil temperature and reduced N leaching normally associated with black plastic mulch production systems.

scholarly journals Bell Pepper Cultivar Performance under Short, Variable Growing Seasons

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark G. Hutton ◽  
David T. Handley
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Commercial Market ◽  
Bell Peppers ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Growing Conditions

Twenty-seven green bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) cultivars were evaluated over three growing seasons in Maine. Each year, plants started in a greenhouse were transplanted into double rows on raised beds covered with black plastic mulch. Overall yields were low compared with similar experiments in other regions of North America and varied considerably from year to year. ‘Ace’ and ‘New Ace’ consistently produced the largest crops by both weight and number of fruit. However, both of these cultivars had undesirable characteristics of small fruit size (<150 g), few lobes (two-three), and thin fruit walls (<6 mm), limiting their commercial market potential. Other cultivars, including ‘Vivaldi’, ‘Patriot’, and ‘Socrates’, had significantly better fruit quality but very low or inconsistent yield. The results of this study demonstrate the current limitations for growing economically viable crops of bell peppers in regions such as Maine that have short growing seasons and a wide range of seasonal temperatures. Further, the data underline the need for the development of cultivars better adapted to these growing conditions.

scholarly journals Between-row spacing and local accession on the yield and quality of garlic

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamal-Ali Olfati ◽  
Mohammad-Bagher Mahdieh-Najafabadi ◽  
Mohammad Rabiee
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
High Plant Density ◽  
Plant Stand

Garlic is primarily grown for its cloves used mostly as a food flavoring condiment. Previous studies carried out on plant density indicate its direct influence on yield. Plant density depends on the genotype, environmental factors, cultural practices, etc. This study was established to determine the effects of different between-row spacing on growth, yield, and quality of four local accession of garlic. It was laid out on two-factorial Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications during two years. Four local accession of garlic (Langroud, Tarom, Tabriz and Hamedan) were culture in three between-rows spacing (15, 25 and 35 cm) during two years. The results of two cultivated years were different. Plant density changed when garlic cultured with different between row spacing. In present research plant yield increased when the lower between row spacing and high plant density were used but the yield improvement occurring at increased plant stand is offset by the reduction in bulb size and some quality indices such as total phenol and antioxidant which severely affects quality and market value, when garlic is produced for fresh market.

Effect of density on growth, development, yield and quality of kabocha (Cucurbita maxima)

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
T. Botwright ◽  
N. Mendham ◽  
B. Chung
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Cucurbita Maxima ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
High Plant Density ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Growth Development

Summary. The effect of plant density on growth, development, yield and quality of kabocha (buttercup squash) (Cucurbita maxima) was examined during 1992–93, at a field site in Cambridge, Tasmania. Plant densities ranged between 0.5 and 4.7 plants/m2. Marketable and total yields were fitted to a yield–density model. Total yield followed an asymptotic trend, approaching 33 t/ha at 4.7 plants/m2, while marketable yield had a parabolic relationship with density. Marketable yield increased to a maximum of 18 t/ha at 1.1 plants/m2, while declining at higher densities because of increased numbers of undersized fruit. Yield of vine marked and callused fruit did not vary with density, but represented a significant proportion of the total yield at all densities. High plant density reduced vegetative growth per plant due to competition for limited resources; as shown by decreased leaf area, number and length of vines, and plant dry weight. Yield tended to decline at high densities because of fewer female flowers and increased fruit abortion per plant. Plants at low densities had more vegetative growth but decreased yields, as increased abortion of fruit relative to the higher plant densities left only 1–2 large fruit per plant. Economic returns varied with plant density. At high densities, variable costs increased (particularly due to high seed cost) while gross income declined reflecting the relationship between marketable yield and plant density. The gross margin therefore declined at high densities.

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