scholarly journals Bell Pepper Cultivar Performance under Short, Variable Growing Seasons

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark G. Hutton ◽  
David T. Handley
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Commercial Market ◽  
Bell Peppers ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Growing Conditions

Twenty-seven green bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) cultivars were evaluated over three growing seasons in Maine. Each year, plants started in a greenhouse were transplanted into double rows on raised beds covered with black plastic mulch. Overall yields were low compared with similar experiments in other regions of North America and varied considerably from year to year. ‘Ace’ and ‘New Ace’ consistently produced the largest crops by both weight and number of fruit. However, both of these cultivars had undesirable characteristics of small fruit size (<150 g), few lobes (two-three), and thin fruit walls (<6 mm), limiting their commercial market potential. Other cultivars, including ‘Vivaldi’, ‘Patriot’, and ‘Socrates’, had significantly better fruit quality but very low or inconsistent yield. The results of this study demonstrate the current limitations for growing economically viable crops of bell peppers in regions such as Maine that have short growing seasons and a wide range of seasonal temperatures. Further, the data underline the need for the development of cultivars better adapted to these growing conditions.

scholarly journals Production System and Cultivar Effects on the Development of Skin Separation or “Silvering” in Bell Pepper Fruit

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian A. Wyenandt ◽  
Wesley L. Kline ◽  
Daniel L. Ward ◽  
Nancy L. Brill
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Production System ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Pepper Fruit ◽  
Bell Peppers ◽  
Black Plastic

From 2006 to 2008, four different production systems and five bell pepper cultivars (Capsicum annuum) with either no resistance (Alliance and Camelot), tolerance (Revolution), or resistance (Paladin and Aristotle) to the crown rot phase of phytophthora blight (Phytophthora capsici) were evaluated for the development of skin separation or “silvering” in fruit at a research facility and four commercial vegetable farms in southern New Jersey. Cultivar, production system, and year, each had a significant effect on the total percentage of fruit with skin separation and marketable yield. The percentage of bell pepper fruit with skin separation was higher in both phytophthora-resistant cultivars compared with the phytophthora-susceptible cultivars across all four production systems. Marketable yield was highest when bell peppers were grown in double rows on raised beds with black plastic mulch and drip irrigation compared with bell peppers grown on single rows on raised beds with black plastic mulch and drip irrigation and bell peppers grown on single rows on raised, bare ground beds with buried drip irrigation. Marketable yields were lowest when bell peppers were grown in single rows on high, ridged beds with overhead irrigation. Results of this study suggest that the development of skin separation or “silvering” in fruit is more closely associated with genotype than type of production system.

scholarly journals Effects of Silver Reflective Mulch, White Inter-row Mulch, and Plant Density on Yields of Pepper in Maine

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark G. Hutton ◽  
David T. Handley
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Double Row ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Bell Peppers ◽  
Black Plastic

Bell peppers (Capsicum annuum) are an economically important yet difficult to grow crop in northern New England. Yields of bell peppers can be increased through the use of plastic mulches; however, refinements are needed to make bell peppers a more viable crop in regions with short, variable growing seasons. The objectives of this study were to (1) compare the effects of black mulch with white inter-row much, reflective silver mulch, and standard black plastic mulched beds on bell pepper yield and quality and (2) compare the effects of two in-row plant arrangements [single rows at 12-inch within-row spacing (7260 plants/acre) and double rows spaced 18 inches apart with 18-inch in-row spacing (9680 plants/acre)] on pepper yield and quality. Treatments were factorial combinations of three mulch treatments and two within-row planting arrangements. Double rows produced more fruit by number and weight than single rows; however, fruit harvested from the double-row plots tended to be smaller than fruit harvested from the single-row plots. Mulch treatments significantly influenced total marketable yield and yield of cull bell peppers grown in Maine. The plots receiving the inter-row white mulch or reflective silver mulch treatment produced significantly greater yield than standard black plastic mulch treatment. The reflective mulch treatment produced significantly more cull fruit per acre compared with the white inter-row mulch and black plastic.

Picking Regimes Affect Yield, Grade Distribution and Retail Value of Colored Bell Pepper

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 550d-550
Author(s):  
Eric H. Simonne ◽  
John T. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Bare Ground ◽  
Green Pepper ◽  
Single Row ◽  
Grade Distribution ◽  
Bell Peppers

The retail value of yellow and red bell peppers is usually three to five times higher than that of the green ones. However, colored bell pepper production in Alabama is presently limited because most growers do not wait the additional 3 to 6 days needed for marketable green pepper to develop color. Hence, drip-irrigated yellow `Admiral' and `Goldcoast' and red `Bell Star' and `Capsitrano' bell peppers were grown in single row and bare-ground, and harvested as needed between July and October 1997 at the 0/3 (green), 1/3 or 2/3 colored stages. The interaction variety × picking method was not signficant (P > 0.50). Early (9,136 kg/ha) and total (32,363 kg/ha) yields of green (0/3) peppers were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those of the 1/3 and 2/3 colored ones (5,166 and 27,235 kg/ha, respectively). Higher green yields were mainly due to increased numbers of marketable fruits rather than increased fruit size. The longer the pods stayed on the plants, the more likely was sunscald to occur. Retail values (/ha) for the early fancy grade were $10,800 and $20,500 for the green and colored peppers, respectively (using $2 and $6/kg, respectively). These results suggest that the present higher retail value of the colored bell peppers off-sets the lower expected yields.

Effect of plastic mulch and row covers on photosynthesis and yield of watermelon

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 1653 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Ibarra-Jiménez ◽  
J. Munguía-López ◽  
A. J. Lozano-del Río ◽  
A. Zermeño-González
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Row Covers ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Clear Plastic ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Growing Conditions

The effect of row covers on watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris) grown on plastic mulch is well documented. However, row covers have not been adequately evaluated under Mexican growing conditions. Watermelon plants were grown on plastic mulch alone or with row covers to study their effect on photosynthesis, and early and total yields. Treatments were clear plastic mulch (C); black plastic mulch (B); B plus a Vispore cover of polypropylene (BV); B plus a white cover of perforated polyethylene (BW); B plus a clear cover of perforated polyethylene (BC); B plus an Agribon cover of polypropylene (BA); and bare soil as the control. For plants grown in treatment C, B or B combined with row covers, plant dry weight and number of leaves 40 days after seeding (DAS) were higher than the control (P<0.05), except BC which was comparable to the control. Total yields of treatments C, B, BV, BW and BA differed (P<0.05) from BC and the control. Total yields increased by 46.1, 43.2, 35.7, 41.6, 13.3, 15.4 and 35.8 t/ha for the C, B, BV, BW, BC and BA treatments, respectively, over the control, which yielded 27.1 t/ha. Total yield was highest for the C and the B treatment suggesting that there was no need for additional covers. The number of leaves per plant or dry weight per plant better explains the changes in yield than net photosynthesis rate. Stomatal conductance was explained in part by changes in photosynthesis.

scholarly journals 537 PB 043 ROWCOVER AND BLACK PLASTIC MULCH EFFECTS ON TOMATO PRODUCTIONS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 508d-508
Author(s):  
Ibrahim G. Rubeiz ◽  
Marlene M. Freiwat
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Fruit Setting ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Yield Time ◽  
And Control

Tomato cv. Alwadi were grown under floating rowcover, black plastic mulch, mulch plus rowcover, or no protection i.e. control, for studying the effect on yield in terms of earliness, total yield and average fruit size. Early yield was significantly increased by the mulch treatment while the rowcover treatment yielded the least (P < 0.05). Total yield was increased by the mulch and mulch plus rowcover treatments, while the rowover and control treatments yielded the least (P < 0.05). Soil temperature at 10 cm depth varied between 1° to 2°C only under the different treatments. Air temperature under the rowcover exceeded 35 to 40°C on many days, hence causing fruit setting problems and resulting in reduced early yield under the rowcover. Our results show that earliness is enhanced by black plastic mulch, while the rowcover alone can have a negative effect on yield. Time of rowcover removal above the mulch warrants further research.

scholarly journals Colored Bell Pepper Yields from Cultivars Grown in High Tunnels in Northern New England

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 456-462
Author(s):  
Rebecca Grube Sideman
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
High Tunnel ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
High Tunnels ◽  
Bell Peppers ◽  
Controlled Environments

High tunnels can facilitate production of ripe colored bell peppers (Capsicum annuum) in locations with short growing seasons by extending the length of the growing season and protecting fruit from biotic and abiotic stressors. We grew 10 cultivars of bell pepper over 3 years in a high tunnel in Durham, NH. Yields of marketable colored fruit ranged from 1576 to 2285 g/plant in 2015, from 1194 to 1839 g/plant in 2016, and 1471 to 2358 g/plant in 2017. Significant differences in marketable yield among cultivars existed only in 2015 and 2017. Of the 10 cultivars evaluated, those developed for controlled environments produced greater marketable yields than those developed for production in the field or unheated tunnels (P < 0.0001). The seasonal production patterns were similar among cultivars in all 3 years: a single peak in production occurred between 159 and 175 days after seeding, followed by much lower but steady production until frost ended each growing season. Our results demonstrate that reasonable yields of colored bell peppers can be produced in high tunnels in locations with short growing seasons. We suggest that further work may be needed to identify optimal pruning and canopy management strategies to maximize yields and fruit quality.

scholarly journals Effects of Mulch Type and Planting Date on Tomato Earliness within a High Tunnel

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 867A-867
Author(s):  
Lewis Jett* ◽  
Andrew Read
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
High Tunnel ◽  
Row Covers ◽  
High Tunnels ◽  
Clear Plastic ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Growing Conditions

High tunnels are passive solar greenhouses that are used to extend the traditional growing season for many horticulture crops. Growing conditions within a high tunnel are significantly different from growing conditions encountered in field production. Tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) are wells suited for high tunnel culture having an upright growth habit and a significant economic premium for precocious harvest. The objective of this research was to investigate three planting dates (15 Mar., 30 Mar., and 10 Apr.) and three mulch types (black plastic, bareground, and clear plastic) with or without row covers, for early tomato production within a high tunnel in the Central Great Plains. High tunnels increased the average daily temperature by ≈6 °C. Early planting (i.e., mid- to late March) resulted in significantly earlier yield (i.e., early July). Using clear plastic mulch increased total marketable yield, but was not significantly different from black plastic. Row covers and plastic mulch are necessary for early tomato production. Row covers are specifically necessary for frost protection, but can be removed when the risk of frost has decreased.

scholarly journals Effect of Prohexidione-Ca and IBA on Establishment and Yield of Green-Top Bare-root Strawberry Transplants

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 848C-848
Author(s):  
John R. Duval* ◽  
Elizabeth Golden ◽  
Julia Reekie ◽  
Peter Hicklenton
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Bare Root ◽  
Block Experiment ◽  
Growth Regulator Treatment

Bare-root transplants received from high latitude nurseries for Florida production have limited root systems, very long petioles and wilt soon after planting. Further dessication occurs when leaves come in contact with black plastic mulch used in the annual production system. Conventional irrigation practices for the establishment of bare-root transplants of strawberry consist of overhead water application for at least 8 hours/day for 10-14 days after planting. Plant growth regulators (PGRs) have been used to modify the growth characteristics of many plants species. A split-block experiment was implemented at the GCREC-Dover, Dover Fla., to determine the effect of the use Prohexidione-Ca (PC) and IBA [(indole-3) butyric acid] on growth, yield and establishment of strawberry. Main blocks consisted of over head establishment irrigation for 4, 8, and 12 days, and sub-plots consisted of treatments of PC applied in the nursery at a rate of 62.5 mg·L-1 2, 4, or 6 weeks before digging, PC applied in the nursery at 31.25 mg·L-1 2 weeks before digging, a root dip of transplants in 100 mg·L-1 IBA just prior to transplanting. The experiment was conducted for four growing seasons. Data were recorded for marketable yield, number of marketable berries (>10g), and disease incidence. Significant differences were detected for duration of establishment irrigation and growth regulator treatment. No interaction was shown between establishment irrigation and growth regulator treatment.

scholarly journals Temporal Relationship between Calcium and Fruit Growth and Development in Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 906-913
Author(s):  
Andrés Mayorga-Gómez ◽  
Savithri U. Nambeesan ◽  
Timothy Coolong ◽  
Juan Carlos Díaz-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Bell Peppers ◽  
Blossom End Rot

Bell peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) are ranked eighth in value for vegetable production in the United States (USDA-NASS, 2019). Due to the high value of bell peppers, disorders such as blossom-end rot (BER) can cause significant losses in yield by up to 35% for growers. BER is the symptom of a calcium (Ca2+) deficiency that may occur during periods of cell expansion when the supply of Ca2+ may be lower than demand. In this study, we determined the temporal patterns of the fruit Ca2+concentration ([Ca2+]) and accumulation in three separate studies under field and greenhouse conditions. In the three experiments, [Ca2+] during fruit development showed varied patterns: it remained constant, decreased transiently during the cell expansion phase, or displayed a more gradual sustained decrease. However, in the three experiments, fruit Ca2+ accumulation increased during development as fruit size increased. In two experiments, the distal part of the fruit had lower [Ca2+] than the proximal end. However, there was no correlation between [Ca2+] in various fruit sections with BER incidence. Seeds and placental tissue had increased [Ca2+] and several other macro- and micronutrients; this spatial distribution of Ca2+ coupled with subcellular Ca2+ distribution should be explored in future studies. The temporal pattern of Ca2+ accumulation in this study suggests that fruit Ca2+ uptake continues throughout fruit development. Therefore, Ca2+ application during bloom and early fruit development may prevent or minimize Ca2+ deficiency disorders in bell pepper.

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