scholarly journals Evaluation of `White Half Runner' Green Bean Breeding Lines for Yield, Quality, and Disease Resistance

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 819-822
Author(s):  
Charles A. Mullins ◽  
R. Allen Straw ◽  
J. Rennie Stavely ◽  
Jim Wyatt
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Green Bean ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
University Of Tennessee ◽  
Southern Appalachian ◽  
Pod Quality ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Selection Of

`White Half Runner' is a popular green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar in the southern Appalachian region of the United States. The cultivar is highly susceptible to rust and virus diseases. Nine breeding lines with `White Half Runner' parentage were compared to `White Half Runner' for rust tolerance, yield, and pod quality in 1998 and 1999 field trials at Crossville, Tenn. The BelTenn selections were developed by USDA plant breeders and the UT selections were developed by University of Tennessee plant breeders. Selections `BelTenn-RR-2', `BelTenn 4-12028', `BelTenn 4-12046', `BelTenn 4-12053', `BelTenn 5-2717' and `UT-96-3' were resistant to rust. Only `UT 96-4' had lower yields than `White Half Runner' in 1999. The BelTenn lines had slightly smaller pods, and the UT selections had larger and rougher pods than `White Half Runner'. `BelTenn-RR-2' wasreleased in 1995 as a breeding line with rust resistance and pod quality similar to `White Half Runner'. Further selection of BelTenn-RR-2 by a private seed company led to the naming of a cultivar named `Volunteer White Half Runner'.

scholarly journals Disease and Insect Assessment of Candidate Cultivars for Potential Use in Organic Peanut Production

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Branch ◽  
A. K. Culbreath
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Pest Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Peanut Production ◽  
Potential Use

Abstract Interest in organic peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production is increasing in the United States. Disease and insect resistant cultivars will be needed to meet the challenge of producing peanuts without conventional pesticides. No-fungicide and no-insecticide field trials were conducted under irrigation four consecutive years (2003–06) at the University of Georgia, Coastal Plain Experiment Station to evaluate peanut genotypes for pest resistance. The most important foliar peanut diseases in the southeast are tomato spotted wilt (TSW) caused by Tomato spotted wilt virus and both early and late leafspots caused by Cercospora arachidicola Hori and Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. & Curt.) Deighton, respectively. Two of the most important insect pests on peanut are tobacco thrips (Frankliniella fusca Hinds) and potato leafhopper (Empoasca fabae Harris). Results from these no-fungicide and no-insecticide field trials showed significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) in pest resistance among advanced Georgia breeding lines and cultivars. Two Georgia cultivars ‘Georgia-01R’ and ‘Georgia-05E’ consistently produced the highest yields and had high levels of resistance to TSW, leafhoppers, and leafspots each year. Georgia-01R is a multiple-pest-resistant, mid-oleic, runner-type cultivar; whereas, Georgia-05E is a multiple-pest-resistant, high-oleic, virginia-type cultivar. Both cultivars should be considered as good candidates for potential use in organic peanut production.

scholarly journals Identifying Superior Snow Pea Breeding Lines

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1216-1220
Author(s):  
Antonio M. De Ron ◽  
Jorge J. Magallanes ◽  
Óscar Martínez ◽  
Paula Rodiño ◽  
Marta Santalla
Keyword(s):  
Field Performance ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Northwestern Spain ◽  
Pod Quality ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Pod Length

We evaluated 33 edible-pod pea (Pisum sativum L.) lines selected from single plants within 11 snow pea landraces and three elite cultivars for their horticultural value in three field trials at Pontevedra and Lugo (northwestern Spain). Field performance was estimated according to six traits related to earliness and duration, while horticultural value was determined by five pod traits. The global pod quality was estimated by a taste panel. Lines showed significant differences in nine quantitative traits. Significant differences were found among means of five landraces and the lines selected within them for pod length, width and weight. Cluster and principal component analysis identified a main group of 16 lines derived mainly from landraces PSM-0112 and PSM-0227 that had desirable earliness and pod quality. Some of the lines, such as MB-0298, MB-0324, MB-0325, MB-0326, MB-0332, and MB-0334 are appropriate for vegetable production as edible pod snow pea varieties and for use in breeding programs. Moreover, the lines MB-0298, MB-0321, MB-0322, and MB-0324 showed stable earliness and MB-0330 and MB-0332 stable pod quality across the three environments evaluated.

scholarly journals Multi-environment Selection of Small Sieve Snap Beans Reduces Production Constraints in East Africa and Subtropical Regions

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1000-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles J. Wasonga ◽  
Marcial A. Pastor-Corrales ◽  
Timothy G. Porch ◽  
Phillip D. Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Bean Rust ◽  
Field Site ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Snap Beans ◽  
Pod Quality ◽  
Heat Tolerant ◽  
Selection Of

Small-sieve snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are an important source of income for smallholder farmers in East Africa. In this region as well as in other tropical and subtropical environments, common bean rust, caused by Uromyces appendiculatus (Pers.:Pers.), and heat stress reduce the yield and quality of snap beans. Small-sieve rust-resistant snap beans and that are heat-tolerant were developed using heat-tolerant snap bean breeding lines that had broad-spectrum rust resistance conditioned by the combination of the Andean Ur-4 and Mesoamerican Ur-11 genes. The Ur-4 and Ur-11 rust gene combination confers resistance to 90 races of the hypervariable pathogen from different parts of the world, including East Africa, that are maintained at Beltsville, MD. Four breeding lines each having the combination of the two rust genes were crossed in a 4 × 5 diallel mating design with five susceptible small-sieve cultivars to give 20 F1 hybrids. The hybrid combinations were advanced through the F2, F3, and F4 generations with selection for heat tolerance, rust resistance, and pod quality to develop lines combining these traits. Twenty F5 breeding lines that had the combination of these traits were selected and evaluated in East Africa at four field sites selected on the basis of differences in altitude, climate, and virulence diversity of the bean rust pathogen and in Puerto Rico at a field site characterized by high temperatures. There was a significant positive correlation between ranks of heat stress influenced yield components (seeds per pod and total yield) at the hot field site and the controlled high-temperature (32/27 °C) greenhouse. Four of the breeding lines developed, L5, L9, L13, and L17, combined heat tolerance and rust resistance in the desired plant type with high yield and good pod quality. These lines are the first known small-sieve snap beans with the combination of traits for heat tolerance and broad-spectrum rust resistance conferred by the Ur-4 and Ur-11 genes. These results demonstrate ability to combine heat tolerance and rust resistance as important traits for adaptation of specific market classes of common bean to tropical and subtropical environments through targeted selection of multiple traits in controlled environments.

Variability in Field Response of Peanut Genotypes from the U.S. and China to Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus and Leaf Spots

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Albert K. Culbreath ◽  
Charles Y. Chen ◽  
Steve J. Knapp ◽  
C. Corley Holbrook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Total Incidence ◽  
Wilt Virus ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Tomato spotted wilt, caused by Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and transmitted by thrips, and early leaf spot and late leaf spot are among the most important diseases of peanut in the southeastern United States. The objective of this study was to compare field susceptibility of diverse peanut lines to TSWV and leaf spot pathogens for selection of lines for mapping population development. In field trials in 2007 and 2008, 22 genotypes were evaluated for reactions to TSWV and leaf spots. Early leaf spot was the predominate pathogen in both years. There was a near-continuous range of spotted wilt from 18% to 79% for the total incidence rating with any symptoms caused by TSWV. In general, NC94022, ‘Georganic’, C689-6-2, ‘Georgia-01R’, C724-19-25, TifGP-1, C11-154-61, C12-3-114-58, and ‘Tifguard’ were among the most resistant genotypes to TSWV, whereas GT-C20, GT-C9 and PE-2 were the most susceptible. Final percentage of defoliation by leaf spots ranged from 10% to 97% for both years. Genotypes C689-2, Georgia-01R, C12-3-114-58, C11-154-61, Tifguard and Georganic showed resistance to leaf spots, whereas ‘NC-6’, ‘Spancross’, GT-C9, GT-C20 and PE-2 were susceptible to leaf spots. There were 3 cultivars and 3 breeding lines classified as resistant to both TSWV and leaf spots; and there were 3 genotypes from China susceptible to both TSWV and leaf spots. These phenotypic disease reaction data can be used in conjunction with genetic characterization of these genotypes for development of recombinant inbred line populations in efforts to develop markers for resistance to TSWV and leaf spots.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of Basil Cultivars and Breeding Lines to Downy Mildew (Peronospora belbahrii)

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1416-1419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian A. Wyenandt ◽  
James E. Simon ◽  
Margaret T. McGrath ◽  
Daniel L. Ward
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
The United States ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
New Disease ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Sweet Basil ◽  
Foliar Morphology

Downy mildew, caused by Peronospora belbahrii, is a new disease of basil (Ocimum spp.) in the United States. In 2009, different basil species, cultivars, and advanced breeding lines of sweet basil (30 in total) were evaluated for susceptibility to basil downy mildew in field trials in southern and northern New Jersey. Popular commercial sweet basil cultivars such as Martina, Nufar, and Poppy Joe were among the most susceptible to downy mildew. Symptoms and sporulation of P. belhahrii on Ocimum ×citriodorum and O. americanum cultivars were present but far less than on most O. basilicum cultivars evaluated. The cultivars Spice, Blue Spice, and Blue Spice Fil were the least susceptible to basil downy mildew with no visible symptoms. Similar results were observed in both field trials. This is the first report of potential resistance in Ocimum spp. to basil downy mildew. Observations from this study show that the development of resistant cultivars may be possible. Selection criteria such as foliar morphology, plant architecture as well as the presence of secondary metabolites are being examined as potential traits for developing downy mildew resistant basil cultivars.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Soybean Lines for Edamame Yield Traits and Trait Genetic Correlation

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 1732-1736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo-Liang Jiang ◽  
Laban K. Rutto ◽  
Shuxin Ren
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
The United States ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Genotypic Correlation ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Fresh Biomass ◽  
Seed Yields

Edamame is a vegetable or specialty soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) with high nutrition and market value. The market demand for edamame has significantly increased in the United States since its health and nutritional benefits became recognized. However, there are a limited number of domestically developed or improved edamame cultivars in the United States, and the knowledge of edamame is very limited. In this study, 86 breeding lines and cultivars of maturity group (MG) V and VI developed in the United States were evaluated in replicated field trials for edamame yield and agronomic traits in Virginia in 2015 and 2016. The results indicated that there were significant differences among the genotypes and between years in all the traits investigated (plant height, fresh biomass, pod yield, pod ratio, fresh seed yield, seed ratio, and 100-seed weights), but the yearly differences for dried 100-seed weight and dried-to-fresh ratio of seeds were insignificant. Genotype-by-year interaction effects were not significant in most cases. Estimates of the broad sense heritability varied with traits, from 23% to 88%. Coefficients of phenotypic and genotypic correlation were mostly low, but fresh pod and seed yields were highly correlated. Fresh biomass exhibited a positive phenotypic correlation with pod and seed yields, but the genotypic correlation coefficients were not significant. Twelve breeding lines were preliminarily identified to have greater edamame yield and desired traits. The information generated in this study will be helpful for edamame breeding and commercial production.

scholarly journals Cucumber Cultivars for Container Gardening and the Value of Field Trials for Predicting Cucumber Performance in Containers

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Melisa Crane ◽  
Todd C. Wehner ◽  
Rachel P. Naegele
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Trial Data ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Space Saving ◽  
Yield Quality

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is one of the most popular vegetable crops grown in U.S. home and urban gardens. The objectives of this study were to identify cultivars and planting densities for high yield of container-grown cucumbers. Additional objectives were to determine the value of field trials for predicting cucumber performance in containers and to evaluate different plant types (dwarf-determinate vs. tall-indeterminate, gynoecious vs. monoecious, pickling vs. slicing) for container use and disease severity across cultivars. Fourteen cultivars and breeding lines were tested at three planting densities in two seasons for yield, quality, and disease resistance in field and patio trials. Significant differences were detected for seasons, cultivars, and densities. Yields were highest in the spring season compared with the summer season, and the best performance was obtained using three plants per 12 L container. There was a high correlation between patio and field trials, allowing extension specialists to recommend cucumber cultivars with high yield, high quality, and disease resistance based on field trial data. Home gardeners who want space-saving, high-yielding cucumbers with tender skin should consider a dwarf-determinate, pickling type that is monoecious. With monoecious type, no pollenizer is needed, and the harvest will be spread over more weeks than would be for gynoecious types.

The Oxford Handbook of the Operatic Canon

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Musical Theater ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
The United States ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Limited Sample ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Formation History ◽  
Artistic Directors ◽  
Selection Of

This collection examines the phenomenon of the operatic canon: its formation, history, current ontology and practical influence, and future. It does so by taking an international and interdisciplinary view: the workshops from which it was derived included the participation of critics, producers, artistic directors, stage directors, opera company CEOs, and even economists, from the United Kingdom, the United States, France, Italy, Ireland, Germany, the Netherlands, Denmark, and Canada. The volume is structured as a series of dialogues: each subtopic is addressed by two essays, introduced jointly by the authors, and followed by a jointly compiled list of further reading. These paired essays complement each other in different ways, for example by treating the same geographical location in different periods, by providing different national or regional perspectives on the same period, or by thinking through similar conceptual issues in contrasting milieus. Part I consists of a selection of surveys of operatic production and consumption contexts in France, Italy, Germany, England, Russia, and the Americas, arranged in rough order from the late seventeenth century to the late nineteenth century. Part II is a (necessarily) limited sample of subjects that illuminate the operatic canon from different—sometimes intentionally oblique—angles, ranging from the influence of singers to the contiguous genres of operetta and musical theater, and the effects of recording and broadcast over almost 150 years. The volume concludes with two essays written by prominent figures from the opera industry who give their sense of the operatic canon’s evolution and prospects.

Researching American Muslims: A Case Study of Surveillance and Racialized State Control

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Hajer Al-Faham
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Science Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
State Control ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
American Muslims ◽  
State Repression ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Selection Of

How does surveillance shape political science research in the United States? In comparative and international politics, there is a rich literature concerning the conduct of research amid conditions of conflict and state repression. As this literature locates “the field” in distant contexts “over there,” the United States continues to be saturated with various forms of state control. What this portends for American politics research has thus far been examined by a limited selection of scholars. Expanding on their insights, I situate “the field” in the United States and examine surveillance of American Muslims, an understudied case of racialized state control. Drawing on qualitative data from a case study of sixty-nine interviews with Arab and Black American Muslims, I argue that surveillance operated as a two-stage political mechanism that mapped onto research methodologically and substantively. In the first stage, surveillance reconfigured the researcher-researchee dynamic, hindered recruitment and access, and limited data-collection. In the second stage, surveillance colored the self-perceptions, political attitudes, and civic engagement of respondents, thereby indicating a political socialization unfolding among Muslims. The implications of this study suggest that researchers can mitigate against some, but not all, of the challenges presented by surveillance and concomitant forms of state control.

scholarly journals Evaluation of pharmacists’ awareness of illegal online pharmacies and perceived impact on safe access to medicines

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 239920262110056
Author(s):  
John B Hertig ◽  
Shannon M James ◽  
Connor J Hummel ◽  
Matthew J Rubin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Access To Medicines ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pharmacy Education ◽  
Electronic Survey ◽  
Medication Therapy ◽  
Online Pharmacies ◽  
Effective Medication ◽  
Selection Of

Background: An estimated 95% of all online pharmacies operate unlawfully. Illegal online pharmacies distribute substandard and falsified medical products that may result in patient harm and suboptimal treatment, leading to an overall mistrust of medications, healthcare providers, and health systems. As medication experts, pharmacists are trusted to guide patients in selection of safe and effective medication therapy. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine gaps in knowledge and recognition of the negative clinical and safety impacts associated with illegal Internet pharmacies by licensed pharmacists. Methods: A 37-question electronic survey was developed and distributed to pharmacists across the United States by email via a database from the American Pharmacists Association. Descriptive statistics was utilized to analyze data. Results: A total of 347 pharmacists from across the United States responded to at least one question in the survey. In all, 58% of pharmacists reported a lack of confidence in their ability to counsel patients on the identification of illegal pharmacy websites. Fewer than 60% of pharmacists were able to accurately identify the legitimacy of a webpage based on visual characteristics. In addition, 75% of pharmacists reported being unfamiliar with resources available to help consumers identify safe and legitimate online pharmacies. Conclusion: Integration of the topic into pharmacy education curricula, training on available resources, and additional research into the prevalence and impact of illegal pharmacy websites are necessary to ensure that pharmacists and other healthcare professionals are adequately prepared to protect their communities from the threat of illegal online pharmacies.

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