Basic Research Policy of the Department of Defense: Report of the Defense Science Board Task Force

ABSTRACT This article describes how the U.S. Army developed a new ad hoc medical formation, named Urban Augmentation Medical Task Force for the Department of Defense (DoD) in response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic in the Continental United States during the spring of 2020. We review the role of the DoD support of the Federal Emergency Management Agency as a part of Defense Support of Civilian Authorities.

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Limits of change: cognitive constraints on “postmodernization” and the political redirection of science

Social Science Information ◽

10.1177/053901800039003006 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 439-465 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jochen Gläser

Keyword(s):

Knowledge Production ◽

Research Policy ◽

Basic Research ◽

The Political ◽

Cognitive State ◽

Cognitive Constraints ◽

Societal Welfare ◽

Micro Level ◽

Science Information ◽

Level Of Analysis

The debate about revitalization of the finalization theory was documented in 1997 in Social Science Information. It hinted at a worthwhile methodological idea that could be useful in current debates on science—society relationships. Finalization theory asked whether a field's cognitive state constrains research policy attempts to direct the field toward applications. Since the difficulties faced in answering this question are at least partly due to the level of analysis, this article proposes refocusing finalization theory on the micro-level of research processes and research trails. On the basis of an empirical analysis, the cognitive links between basic research and contexts of applications are explored. Five types of basic research can be distinguished by their various cognitive links to contexts of application. Scientists' opportunities to change the links between their basic research and applications are discussed. Analysis on the micro-level enables conclusions to be drawn about (1) the scope of hypotheses about changes in knowledge-production and (2) constraints on institutional pressure for basic research to contribute to societal welfare.

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Fluorine-Containing Elastomers

Rubber Chemistry and Technology ◽

10.5254/1.3540290 ◽

1961 ◽

Vol 34 (5) ◽

pp. 1521-1552 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

J. C. Montermoso

Keyword(s):

World War Ii ◽

Air Force ◽

Department Of Defense ◽

Low Temperatures ◽

Task Force ◽

The Arctic ◽

World War ◽

Arctic Regions ◽

Rubber Compounds ◽

Fuel Leakage

Abstract Fluoroprene, the first fluorine-containing elastomer, was developed by E. I. du Pont de Nemours … Company and reported by Mochel and others in 1948. However, intensive research to develop specialty rubbers from fluorocarbons was not started until the early 1950's. At the time, there was an urgent military need for fuel and chemical resistant rubbers for service under extremely low temperatures. Consequently, most of the fluorine-containing elastomers were the result of research conducted or sponsored by the Department of Defense. Army experiences in the Aleutians during World War II and in several task force operations in the Arctic regions showed, among others, that fuel hoses became brittle and cracked. Gaskets failed to function. On shipboard, the Navy was experiencing similar difficulties with rubber items. The Air Force, on the other hand, was being plagued with an epidemic of fuel leakage on many of its aircraft. The extraction of the plasticizers from the nitrile rubber compounds and the low temperature of the environment caused shrinkage of the seals and gaskets resulting in leakage of fuels. Obviously, a solution to these problems was to develop new fuel resistant rubbers which would be inherently flexible at extremely low temperatures.

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The Current and Future State of Department of Defense (DoD) Microbiome Research: a Summary of the Inaugural DoD Tri-Service Microbiome Consortium Informational Meeting

mSystems ◽

10.1128/msystems.00086-18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sarah Glaven ◽

Kenneth Racicot ◽

Dagmar H. Leary ◽

J. Philip Karl ◽

Steven Arcidiacono ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Health ◽

Air Force ◽

Department Of Defense ◽

Collaborative Research ◽

Research Policy ◽

Future Directions ◽

Research Activities ◽

Future State ◽

Microbiome Research ◽

And Performance

ABSTRACT The Tri-Service Microbiome Consortium (TSMC) was recently established to enhance collaboration, coordination, and communication of microbiome research among Department of Defense (DoD) organizations. The TSMC aims to serve as a forum for sharing information related to DoD microbiome research, policy, and applications, to monitor global advances relevant to human health and performance, to identify priority objectives, and to facilitate Tri-Service (Army, Navy, and Air Force) collaborative research. The inaugural TSMC workshop held on 10 to 11 May 2017 brought together almost 100 attendees from across the DoD and several key DoD partners. The meeting outcomes informed attendees of the scope of current DoD microbiome research efforts and identified knowledge gaps, collaborative/leveraging opportunities, research barriers/challenges, and future directions. This report details meeting presentations and discussions with special emphasis on Tri-Service labs’ current research activities.

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International Comparison of Education Research Policies

Excellence in Higher Education ◽

10.5195/ehe.2016.154 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1&2) ◽

pp. 62-70

Author(s):

Yung Ming Shu

Keyword(s):

Education Research ◽

Educational Policy ◽

International Organizations ◽

Public Interest ◽

Research Policy ◽

Research Result ◽

Basic Research ◽

Main Concern ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Four Dimensions

This is a comparative study of the education research policies in several countries and international organizations. The purpose of the comparison is to discover the trends in this field. Four dimensions are used for education research policy: the aims of education research, the promoted research methods, the priority areas in education research, and databases for education research. These dimensions need direction and support from government. The findings are that public interest is pursued by education research institutes. However, any research result that runs counter to current policies will be suppressed. Stakeholders, such as sponsors, researchers and journals, do not take public interest as their main concern. The most promoted method in education research is evidence-based research because it is thought to be more useful and reproducible. The priority area for education research, however, is not so evident. But basic research and new areas, like neuroscience and popular culture, are more common. There are databases for education research in many countries. PISA of OECD is the most conspicuous one in recent years. Education research and educational policy is interwoven together. Education research can contribute to educational policy, while educational policy many direct the orientation of education research. Each should have the other in mind.

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