Developing an Efficient and Cost Effective Ground-Penetrating Radar Field Methodology for Subsurface Exploration and Mapping of Cultural Resources on Public Lands

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence B. Conyers
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Public Lands ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cultural Resources ◽  
Field Methodology ◽  
Subsurface Exploration ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Determining Bridge Deck Chloride Quantities Using Ground Penetrating Radar

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Alongi
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Bridge Deck ◽  
Bridge Decks ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Signal Propagation ◽  
Radar Signal ◽  
Signal Loss ◽  
Deicing Salts ◽  
Ground Penetrating

<p>Chlorides from deicing salts attack the steel reinforcement in bridge decks which can ultimately cause delamination and deterioration of the concrete. For transportation agencies, the repair cost from these defects are estimated to exceed $5B per year in USA and make up between 50% - 85% of bridge maintenance budgets. While, the removal and replacement of chloride contaminated concrete is the most long-lasting and cost-effective remediation, few methods exist to determine chloride content in bridge decks. This research describes an entirely new method for determining chloride quantity in bridge decks using ground penetrating radar (GPR) technology and establishes and quantifies the relationship between chlorides in concrete (which cause corrosion of reinforcing steel and delamination of concrete) and the effect on GPR signal propagation. Specifically, it shows that there is a deterministic relationship between radar signal attenuation and the amount of chloride and moisture in bridge deck concrete, and that when moisture content is known it is possible to estimate chloride quantity based on signal loss or attenuation measurements. Our research also demonstrates the practical application of this concept by utilizing GPR along with limited coring (three or more core samples) and laboratory chloride measurements to produce an accurate and quantitative, spatial mapping of chlorides in bridge decks.</p>

scholarly journals Geologist in the Loop: A Hybrid Intelligence Model for Identifying Geological Boundaries from Augmented Ground Penetrating Radar

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 284
Author(s):  
Adrian Ball ◽  
Louisa O’Connor
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Probabilistic Representation ◽  
Industry Practice ◽  
Hybrid Intelligence ◽  
Geological Boundaries ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Drill Holes ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Hybrid Intelligence Model

Common industry practice means that geological or stratigraphic boundaries are estimated from exploration drill holes. While exploration holes provide opportunities for accurate data at a high resolution down the hole, their acquisition is cost-intensive, which can result in the number of holes drilled being reduced. In contrast, sampling with ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is cost-effective, non-destructive, and compact, allowing for denser, continuous data acquisition. One challenge with GPR data is the subjectivity and challenges associated with interpretation. This research presents a hybrid model of geologist and machine learning for the identification of geological boundaries in a lateritic deposit. This model allows for an auditable, probabilistic representation of geologists’ interpretations and can feed into exploration planning and optimising drill campaigns in terms of the density and location of holes.

scholarly journals Mapping of Agricultural Subsurface Drainage Systems Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Imagery and Ground Penetrating Radar

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2800
Author(s):  
Triven Koganti ◽  
Ehsan Ghane ◽  
Luis Rene Martinez ◽  
Bo V. Iversen ◽  
Barry J. Allred
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Subsurface Drainage ◽  
Large Field ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Agricultural subsurface drainage systems are commonly installed on farmland to remove the excess water from poorly drained soils. Conventional methods for drainage mapping such as tile probes and trenching equipment are laborious, cause pipe damage, and are often inefficient to apply at large spatial scales. Knowledge of locations of an existing drainage network is crucial to understand the increased leaching and offsite release of drainage discharge and to retrofit the new drain lines within the existing drainage system. Recent technological developments in non-destructive techniques might provide a potential alternative solution. The objective of this study was to determine the suitability of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery collected using three different cameras (visible-color, multispectral, and thermal infrared) and ground penetrating radar (GPR) for subsurface drainage mapping. Both the techniques are complementary in terms of their usage, applicability, and the properties they measure and were applied at four different sites in the Midwest USA. At Site-1, both the UAV imagery and GPR were equally successful across the entire field, while at Site-2, the UAV imagery was successful in one section of the field, and GPR proved to be useful in the other section where the UAV imagery failed to capture the drainage pipes’ location. At Site-3, less to no success was observed in finding the drain lines using UAV imagery captured on bare ground conditions, whereas good success was achieved using GPR. Conversely, at Site-4, the UAV imagery was successful and GPR failed to capture the drainage pipes’ location. Although UAV imagery seems to be an attractive solution for mapping agricultural subsurface drainage systems as it is cost-effective and can cover large field areas, the results suggest the usefulness of GPR to complement the former as both a mapping and validation technique. Hence, this case study compares and contrasts the suitability of both the methods, provides guidance on the optimal survey timing, and recommends their combined usage given both the technologies are available to deploy for drainage mapping purposes.

REFLECTION COEFFICIENT OF AN ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE IN CONDUCTIVE MEDIA

2018 ◽  
pp. 100-106
Author(s):  
M. S. Sudakova ◽  
M. L. Vladov ◽  
M. R. Sadurtdinov
Keyword(s):  
Reflection Coefficient ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Direct And Inverse Problems ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Ideal Dielectric

Within the ground penetrating radar bandwidth the medium is considered to be an ideal dielectric, which is not always true. Electromagnetic waves reflection coefficient conductivity dependence showed a significant role of the difference in conductivity in reflection strength. It was confirmed by physical modeling. Conductivity of geological media should be taken into account when solving direct and inverse problems, survey design planning, etc. Ground penetrating radar can be used to solve the problem of mapping of halocline or determine water contamination.

Deteksi Bentuk Objek Bawah Tanah Menggunakan Pengolahan Citra B-Scan pada Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
Rahmayati Alindra ◽  
Heroe Wijanto ◽  
Koredianto Usman
Keyword(s):  
Signal Processing ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Data Survey ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) adalah salah satu jenis radar yang digunakan untuk menyelidiki kondisi di bawah permukaan tanah tanpa harus menggali dan merusak tanah. Sistem GPR terdiri atas pengirim (transmitter), yaitu antena yang terhubung ke generator sinyal dan bagian penerima (receiver), yaitu antena yang terhubung ke LNA dan ADC yang kemudian terhubung ke unit pengolahan data hasil survey serta display sebagai tampilan output-nya dan post  processing untuk alat bantu mendapatkan informasi mengenai suatu objek. GPR bekerja dengan cara memancarkan gelombang elektromagnetik ke dalam tanah dan menerima sinyal yang dipantulkan oleh objek-objek di bawah permukaan tanah. Sinyal yang diterima kemudian diolah pada bagian signal processing dengan tujuan untuk menghasilkan gambaran kondisi di bawah permukaan tanah yang dapat dengan mudah dibaca dan diinterpretasikan oleh user. Signal processing sendiri terdiri dari beberapa tahap yaitu A-Scan yang meliputi perbaikan sinyal dan pendektesian objek satu dimensi, B-Scan untuk pemrosesan data dua dimensi  dan C-Scan untuk pemrosesan data tiga dimensi. Metode yang digunakan pada pemrosesan B-Scan salah satunya adalah dengan  teknik pemrosesan citra. Dengan pemrosesan citra, data survey B-scan diolah untuk didapatkan informasi mengenai objek. Pada penelitian ini, diterapkan teori gradien garis pada pemrosesan citra B-scan untuk menentukan bentuk dua dimensi dari objek bawah tanah yaitu persegi, segitiga atau lingkaran. 

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