Small World Missions: The Impact of Military Operations Other than War on Combat Readiness

In order to avoid the limitations of traditional mechanism modeling method, a neural network (NN) model of variable - pitch wind turbine is built by the NN modeling method based on field data. Then considering that from wind turbine’s startup to grid integration, the generator speed must be controlled to rise to the synchronous speed smoothly and precisely, a neural network model predictive control (NNMPC) strategy based on the small-world optimization algorithm (SWOA) is proposed. Simulation results show that the strategy can forecast the change of generator rotational speed based on the wind speed disturbance, making the controller act ahead to eliminate the impact of system delay. Furthermore, the system output can track the reference trajectory well, making sure that the system can connect the electricity grid steadily.

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Domestic Investigation and Prosecution of Atrocities Committed during Military Operations: The Impact of Judgments of the European Court of Human Rights

Israel Law Review ◽

10.1017/s0021223713000186 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 369-404

Author(s):

Silvia Borelli

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

European Convention ◽

Full Potential ◽

Remedial Measures ◽

Legal Systems ◽

Military Operations ◽

Council Of Europe ◽

Proactive Approach ◽

European Court ◽

The Impact

The undeniable impact of the European Convention on Human Rights on the legal systems – and the wider society – of Member States of the Council of Europe would not have been possible without its unique monitoring system, centred around the European Court of Human Rights and the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe. The present article assesses the extent to which the European Court's judgments that have found violations of the procedural obligations under Articles 2 and 3 of the Convention to investigate unlawful killings, disappearances, acts of torture or other ill-treatment have, in fact, led to an improvement in the capability of the domestic legal systems of states parties to ensure accountability for such abuses. On the basis of four case studies, it is concluded that the European Court's judgments, coupled with the supervisory powers of the Committee of Ministers, have the potential to make a very great impact on the capability of domestic legal systems to deal with gross violations of fundamental human rights, and have led to clear and positive changes within the domestic legal systems of respondent states. Nevertheless, this is by no means always the case, and it is suggested that, in order for the Convention system to achieve its full potential in the most politically charged cases, the European Court should adopt a more proactive approach to its remedial powers by ordering specific remedial measures, to include in particular the opening or reopening of investigations.

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Emergent properties in microbiome networks reveal the anthropogenic disturbance of farming practices in vineyard soil fungal communities

10.1101/2020.03.12.983650 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rüdiger Ortiz-Álvarez ◽

Hector Ortega-Arranz ◽

Vicente J. Ontiveros ◽

Charles Ravarani ◽

Alberto Acedo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Small World ◽

Fungal Communities ◽

Local Network ◽

Emergent Properties ◽

Farming Practices ◽

Natural Systems ◽

Vineyard Soil ◽

Global Agriculture ◽

Network Properties ◽

The Impact

AbstractAgro-ecosystems are human-managed natural systems, and therefore are subject to generalized ecological rules. A deeper understanding of the factors impacting on the biotic component of ecosystem stability is needed for promoting the sustainability and productivity of global agriculture. Here we propose a method to determine ecological emergent properties through the inference of network properties in local microbial communities, and to use them as biomarkers of the anthropogenic impact of different farming practices on vineyard soil ecosystem functioning. In a dataset of 350 vineyard soil samples from USA and Spain we observed that fungal communities ranged from random to small-world network arrangements with differential levels of niche specialization. Some of the network properties studied were strongly correlated, defining patterns of ecological emergent properties that are influenced by the intensification level of the crop management. Low-intervention practices (from organic to biodynamic approaches) promoted densely clustered networks, describing an equilibrium state based on mixed (generalist-collaborative) communities. Contrary, in conventionally managed vineyards, we observed highly modular (niche-specialized) low clustered communities, supported by a higher degree of selection (more co-exclusion proportion). We also found that, although geographic factors can explain the different fungal community arrangements in both countries, the relationship between network properties in local fungal communities better capture the impact of farming practices regardless of the location. Thus, we hypothesize that local network properties can be globally used to evaluate the effect of ecosystem disturbances in crops, but also in when evaluating the effect of clinical interventions or to compare microbiomes of healthy vs. disturbed conditions.

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