Time-Course Effects of GA, GB, GD, GF and VX on Spinal Cord Cholinesterase and Acetylcholine Levels in Six Discrete Areas of the Rat Brain

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard J. Benton ◽  
John H. McDonough ◽  
Thomas A. Koviak ◽  
Tsung-Ming A. Shih
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Time Course

A re-examination of the Na+-independent binding of [3H]?-alanine to rat brain stem-spinal cord

1988 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1133-1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Orensanz ◽  
E. Ambrosio ◽  
I. Fern�ndez ◽  
M. T. Montero
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Rat Brain

Spatiotemporal CCR1, CCL3(MIP-1α), CXCR4, CXCL12(SDF-1α) expression patterns in a rat spinal cord injury model of posttraumatic neuropathic pain

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 583-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friederike Knerlich-Lukoschus ◽  
Beata von der Ropp-Brenner ◽  
Ralph Lucius ◽  
Hubertus Maximilian Mehdorn ◽  
Janka Held-Feindt
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Substance P ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Behavioral Testing ◽  
Dorsal Horns ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Dorsal Columns ◽  
Spinal Cord Contusion

Object Central neuropathic pain is a frequent challenging complication after spinal cord injury (SCI), and specific therapeutic approaches remain elusive. The purpose of the present investigations was to identify potential key mediators of these pain syndromes by analyzing detailed expression profiles of important chemokines in an experimental SCI paradigm of posttraumatic neuropathic pain in rats. Methods Expression of CCR1, CCL3(MIP-1α), CXCR4, and CXCL12(SDF-1α) was investigated in parallel with behavioral testing for mechanical and thermal nociceptive thresholds after standardized SCI; 100-kdyn (moderate injury) and 200-kdyn (severe injury) force-defined thoracic spinal cord contusion lesions were applied via an Infinite Horizon Impactor at the T-9 level. Sham controls received laminectomies. Hindlimb locomotor function as well as mechanical and thermal sensitivities were monitored weekly by standardized behavioral testing after SCI. Chemokine expression was analyzed by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in the early (7 days postoperatively) and late (42 days postoperatively) time courses after SCI, and immunohistochemical analysis (anatomical and quantitative) was performed 2, 7, 14, and 42 days after lesioning. Double staining with cellular markers and pain-related peptides (substance P and CGRP) or receptors (TRPV-1, TRPV-2, VRL-1, and TLR-4) was performed. Based on data obtained from behavioral testing, quantified immunohistochemical chemokine expressions in individual animals were correlated with the respective mechanical and thermal sensitivity thresholds 6 weeks after SCI. Results After 200-kdyn lesions, the animals exhibited prolonged reduction in their nociceptive thresholds, while 100-kdyn groups showed pain-related behaviors only in the early time course after SCI. Investigated chemokines were widely induced after SCI, involving cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal cord levels far beyond the lesion core. CCR1 and CCL3 were induced significantly in the dorsal horns 2 days after lesioning and remained at high levels after SCI with significantly higher intensities after 200-kdyn than 100-kdyn contusions. CXCR4 and CXCL12 levels continuously increased from 2 to 42 days after moderate and severe lesions. Additionally, chemokines were induced significantly in dorsal columns, with highest density levels 42 days after 200-kdyn lesions. In dorsal horns, CCR1 was coexpressed with TRPV-1 while CXCR4 and CXCL12 were partially coexpressed with substance P and CGRP. In dorsal columns, CCL3/CCR1 colabeled with GFAP, TRPV-2, TRPV-1, TLR-4; CXCR4/CXCL12 coexpressed with GFAP, CD68/ED1, and TLR4. Chemokine immunoreactivity density levels, especially CCL3 and its receptor, correlated in part significantly with nociceptive thresholds. Conclusions The authors report lesion grade–dependent upregulation of different chemokines/chemokine receptors after spinal cord contusion lesions in pain-processing spinal cord regions in a clinically relevant model of traumatic SCI in rats. Prolonged chemokine induction further correlated with below-level pain development in the delayed time course after severe SCI and was coexpressed with pain-associated peptides and receptors, suggesting that chemokines play a crucial role in chronic central pain mechanisms after SCI.

Time-dependent progression of neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction after spinal cord injury in the mouse model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuichi Saito ◽  
Daisuke Gotoh ◽  
Naoki Wada ◽  
Pradeep Tyagi ◽  
Tomonori Minagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Mechanosensitive Channels ◽  
Reduction Time ◽  
Cord Injury

This study evaluated the time-course changes in bladder and external urinary sphincter (EUS) activity as well as the expression of mechanosensitive channels in lumbosacral dorsal root ganglia (DRG) after spinal cord injury (SCI). Female C57BL/6N mice in the SCI group underwent transection of the Th8/9 spinal cord. Spinal intact mice and SCI mice at 2, 4 and 6 weeks post SCI were evaluated by single-filling cystometry and EUS-electromyography (EMG). In another set of mice, the bladder and L6-S1 DRG were harvested for protein and mRNA analyses. In SCI mice, non-voiding contractions was confirmed at 2 weeks post-SCI, and did not increase over time to 6 weeks. In 2-weeks SCI mice, EUS-EMG measurements revealed detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia (DSD), but periodic EMG reductions during bladder contraction were hardly observed. At 4 weeks, SCI mice showed increases of EMG activity reduction time with increased voiding efficiency (VE). At 6 weeks, SCI mice exhibited a further increase in EMG reduction time. RT-PCR of L6-S1 DRG showed increased mRNA levels of TRPV1 and ASIC1-3 in SCI mice with a decrease of ASIC2-3 at 6 weeks compared to 4 weeks whereas Piezo2 showed a slow increase at 6 weeks. Protein assay showed the SCI-induced overexpression of bladder BDNF with a time-dependent decrease post SCI. These results indicate that detrusor overactivity is established in the early phase whereas DSD is completed later at 4 weeks with an improvement at 6 weeks post SCI, and that mechanosensitive channels may be involved in the time-dependent changes.

CANINE MODEL OF INFERTILITY AFTER SPINAL CORD INJURY: TIME COURSE OF ACUTE CHANGES IN SEMEN QUALITY AND SPERMATOGENESIS

2001 ◽  
Vol 166 (3) ◽  
pp. 1181-1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANA A. OHL ◽  
JENS SØNKSEN ◽  
GARY WEDEMEYER ◽  
MARIA C. ZABORNIAK ◽  
TOMAS N. DAM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Canine Model ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Acute Changes
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document