Chemical-Material Data Bases: Chemical Defense Material Data Base.

The use of thesauri in online retrieval

Journal of Information Science ◽

10.1177/016555158400800204 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 63-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

C.P.R. Dubois

Keyword(s):

Information Retrieval ◽

Data Base ◽

Case Studies ◽

Controlled Vocabulary ◽

Free Text ◽

Data Bases ◽

Online Data ◽

Controlled Vocabularies ◽

Semantic Maps ◽

Actual Use

The controlled vocabulary versus the free text approach to information retrieval is reviewed from the mid 1960s to the early 1980s. The dominance of the free text approach following the Cranfield tests is increasingly coming into question as a result of tests on existing online data bases and case studies. This is supported by two case studies on the Coffeeline data base. The differences and values of the two approaches are explored considering thesauri as semantic maps. It is suggested that the most appropriate evaluatory technique for indexing languages is to study the actual use made of various techniques in a wide variety of search environments. Such research is becoming more urgent. Economic and other reasons for the scarcity of online thesauri are reviewed and suggestions are made for methods to secure revenue from thesaurus display facilities. Finally, the promising outlook for renewed develop ment of controlled vocabularies with more effective online display techniques is mentioned, although such development must be based on firm research of user behaviour and needs.

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Application of the Variety-Generator Approach to Searches of Personal Names in Bibliographic Data Bases--Part 2. Optimization of Key-Sets, and Evaluation of Their Retrieval Efficiency

Information Technology and Libraries ◽

10.6017/ital.v7i3.8951 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 201

Author(s):

Dirk W. Fokker ◽

Michael F. Lynch

Keyword(s):

Information Systems ◽

Data Base ◽

Variable Length ◽

Data Bases ◽

Personal Names ◽

Fixed Length ◽

Bibliographic Data ◽

Retrieval Efficiency ◽

Types Of Information ◽

High Degree

Keys consisting of variable-length chamcter strings from the front and rear of surnames, derived by analysis of author names in a particular data base, am used to provide approximate representations of author names. When combined in appropriate ratios, and used together with keys for each of the first two initials of personal names, they provide a high degree of discrimination in search. Methods for optimization of key-sets are described, and the performance of key-sets varying in size between 150 and 300 is determined at file sizes of up to 50,000 name entries. The effects of varying the proportions of the queries present in the file are also examined. The results obtained with fixed-length keys are compared with those for variable-length keys, showing the latter to be greatly superior. Implications of the work for a variety of types of information systems are discussed.

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lnformatiestromen en gegevensbanken inde parlementaire werkzaamheden

Res Publica ◽

10.21825/rp.v31i2.18877 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 181-188

Author(s):

Louis Vanvelthoven

Keyword(s):

Data Base ◽

Information Flow ◽

Telephone Network ◽

The Other ◽

Direct Access ◽

External Information ◽

Data Bases ◽

The Public ◽

Public Data ◽

Set Up

Opening up as many sources of information as possible is particularly conducive to the development of workable policy plans and to efficient decision-making in a democratic political system. It follows that MPs can greatly benefit from using computerized information systems.As far as the parliamentary activities are concerned, we can distinguish between internal and external information flow. The contents of the parliamentary documents, the procedure for processing them and the information on the parliamentary control are part of the internal information flow. The external information on the other hand refers to the relations between the MPs and the executive and the judiciary branches, supranational and international institutions as well as the library.To date, the House of Representatives has been the only assembly that has set up a computerized information system . The data bases of the House comprise : the parliamentary documents and the state of advancement of all proceedings linked to these documents (bath in the House and in the Senate) until the publication of the text in the official state journal. Other databases relate to the parliamentary control : interpellations, motions, oral questions and the entire text of the written parliamentary questions.The record of the House will also be stored in a data base giving references. The library fund has been integrated in the interlibrary network DOBIS-LIBIS. A data base was also designed for the press information, and linked to an image processing system.What has been realized in the House to date must also be feasible for the other parliamentary assemblies. Viewed from that perspective, it seems advisable that data bases be centralized in one parliamentary information DP centre. Access to this centre should be particulary user-friendly and uniform, so much so that all MPs can make maximum use of it.The system set up by the House meets with an ever increasing demand from other possible users. In this context, attention should be drawn to the interconnection of this system with other parliamentary assemblies, the extension of the system to other users in the House ofthe MPs and the external access to the system via the telephone network: direct access for the universities, and for certain public and private institutions and individual MPs, and the BISTEL and/ or VIDEOTEX access.The majority of the public data bases linked to the telephone network can be interrogated via the BISTEL system, hut many interesting applications are not accessible via the telephone network as they function in closed circuits.Opening up data bases by linking them to the telephone network, implies that the problem of cost and privacy be carefully examined. As to privacy, we should reflect on the public or confidential character of the data and its consequences, on safeguarding the information stored in the system and on the evolution ofcommunications technology from the perspective of a continental European communications network.

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“ARCHEO-NET” a Prehistoric and Paleontological Material Data Base for Research and Scientific Animation

Database and Expert Systems Applications ◽

10.1007/978-3-7091-7553-8_67 ◽

1990 ◽

pp. 410-416

Author(s):

J. Fruitet ◽

L. Kalloufi ◽

D. Laurent ◽

L. Boudad ◽

H. de Lumley

Keyword(s):

Data Base ◽

Material Data

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Numeric data bases on‐line

Online Review ◽

10.1108/eb023950 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 207-215 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

James A. Luedke

Keyword(s):

Data Base ◽

Distributed Processing ◽

Large Data ◽

Training Needs ◽

Data Bases ◽

Textual Information ◽

Large Data Base ◽

User Training ◽

On Line ◽

Numeric Data

The activities that are at present furthering the visibility of numeric data bases and systems are discussed. A tentative estimate of the numbers of existing numeric data bases and systems in various categories of accessibility (on‐line, batch, and remotely accessible) and availability (public, restricted, and in‐house) is made. Numeric data bases and systems are becoming offered by information retrieval services through many of the channels that made bibliographic and textual information systems successful. These include remote accessibility and marketing by large data base vendors. The user community for numeric data bases is generally more restricted, with the possible exception of business and financial numeric data bases. User training needs are generally greater as well. Numeric data bases may nevertheless reach large user audiences with the advent of distributed processing and, ultimately, data base maps which can automatically locate and link together data bases in many locations.

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Teaching with MARC Tapes

Information Technology and Libraries ◽

10.6017/ital.v3i1.5125 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 24

Author(s):

Pauline Atherton ◽

Judith Tessier

Keyword(s):

Data Base ◽

Pilot Project ◽

Computer Programs ◽

Library Science ◽

Science Students ◽

Data Bases ◽

Library Education ◽

Syracuse University ◽

One Year ◽

Search And Retrieval

A computer based laboratory for library science students to use in class assignments and for independent projects has been developed and used for one year at Syracuse University. MARC Pilot Project tapes formed the data base. Different computer programs and various samples of the MARC file (48,POO records, approx.) were used for search and retrieval operations. Data bases, programs, and seven different class assignments are described and evaluated for their impact on library education in gen- eral and individual students and faculty in particular.

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Operation of the Harwell UK 14C Data Base and its Expansion Through Data Exchange with Other Laboratories

Radiocarbon ◽

10.1017/s003382220003993x ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 31-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A J Walker ◽

R L Otlet ◽

R A Housley ◽

Johannes van der Plicht

Keyword(s):

Data Base ◽

Data Exchange ◽

Data Bases ◽

Computer Data ◽

Radiocarbon Dates ◽

Storage And Retrieval ◽

The Core ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Keyboard Typing ◽

The Uk

The use of computer data bases for storage and retrieval of 14C data is a logical application for the rapidly expanding numbers of 14C determinations. Harwell has established a data base for all samples originating from sites in the United Kingdom and Eire. The core of the data is the Council for British Archaeology's published Index of Radiocarbon Dates which we are expanding to include all Harwell UK dates released for publication by the submitters plus dates from other laboratories both within and outside the UK. As a demonstration of the feasibility of direct database-to-database communication, cooperation has been sought from Groningen and Oxford to transfer computer files containing 14C results for UK sites. Neither of these laboratories use the same system as Harwell for their in-house data base and this exercise highlights the importance of a transfer language for both the national and international schemes as it is no longer practical to carry out such procedures through keyboard typing.

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Symptom Expression in Natural and Experimental Rhinovirus Colds

American Journal of Rhinology ◽

10.2500/105065895781874114 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 49-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Sudhir S. Rao ◽

J. Owen Hendley ◽

Frederick G. Hayden ◽

Jack M. Gwaltney

Keyword(s):

Cell Culture ◽

Data Base ◽

Natural Infection ◽

Nasal Discharge ◽

Symptom Expression ◽

Frequency Of Occurrence ◽

Data Bases ◽

Data Set ◽

The Past ◽

Symptom Frequency

For the past 3 decades, rhinovirus grown in cell culture and used to induce experimental infections has been assumed to produce illness comparable to natural rhinovirus illness. However, no studies have been conducted to compare the characteristics of these two illnesses. We have used two data bases, one from natural colds of proven rhinovirus etiology and one for experimental rhinovirus colds, to compare symptom occurrence. The natural cold data set contained prospectively collected data for the frequency of occurrence of symptoms for 139 insurance employees with natural rhinovirus colds. The experimental colds data base was obtained from 10 separate volunteer studies involving a total of 125 subjects who had a rhinovirus inoculation into the nose. Daily symptom frequency for the natural and experimental illnesses found that the symptoms of nasal obstruction and malaise occurred significantly more often on illness days 1–5 during experimental colds. Also, significant differences were found for days 1–4 for feverishness/fever, days 1–3 for nasal discharge, days 1–2 for sneezing, days 3–5 for sore throat, and day 1 for cough. Some of the latter symptoms occurred more frequently with experimental and some with natural infection. In general, the illnesses associated with the two types of infection were more similar than they were different.

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The Impact of Legislation Requiring DNR Orders: New York State Compared with Neighboring States

Journal of Intensive Care Medicine ◽

10.1177/088506669601100605 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 335-342 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Daniel Teres ◽

Keith Boyd ◽

John Rapoport ◽

Martin Strosberg ◽

Robert Baker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Length Of Stay ◽

Data Base ◽

New York State ◽

The Other ◽

Data Bases ◽

York State ◽

Icu Discharge ◽

The Impact ◽

Dnr Orders

Decisions to place limitations on the care of patients are complex, and they often involve physicians, other medical professionals, patients, or a surrogate decision-maker, family members, and others. In 1988, the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Organizations (JCAHO) and the New York State government adopted two different approaches to this complex issue of do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders: one involved professional self-regulation, whereas the other mandated a standardized procedure requiring completion of legal documents. This study examines the impact of these two different approaches to writing of DNR orders for adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients on utilization and resulting length of stay. The study used three data bases. One is from a larger study designed to update the Mortality Probability Model (MPM), a measure of severity of illness for ICU patients. This data base includes consecutive admissions to the adult ICUs of four hospitals in the northeastern United States. The second is a similar data base from the European-North American Study of Severity Systems (ENAS), and it includes 20 hospitals. The third data base, a 1991 national survey of ICUs by the Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM), lists characteristics of patients in ICUs in the United States on a specific day. Logistic regression was used to analyze the first two data bases; the percentage of patients in New York with DNR orders was calculated for each of the three data bases and compared with patients in neighboring states. Length of ICU and hospital stay was measured in the first two data sets. In the MPM data, 14.4% of medical patients in New York had a DNR order written at the time of ICU discharge, compared with 198% of medical patients in Massachusetts; and 4.3% of New York surgical patients had a DNR order written at the time of ICU discharge, compared with 8.3% of surgical patients in Massachusetts. In the ENAS data, 7.4% of New York nonoperative patients has a DNR order in place within 24 hours, compared with 8.4% of such patients in the other states; and 1.0% of New York operative patients had DNR orders, compared with 3–5% of operative patients from other states. Logistic regression revealed that a New York patient was less likely to have a DNR order written than a patient located in one of the other states studied. Data from the SCCM survey demonstrated that the New York percentage of patients with “no CPR” orders was 5.50%, compared with a percentage of 6.87% in other states. With few exceptions, these differences between New York and surrounding states did not have an impact on hospital length of stay. During the period studied following implementation of New York's DNR Law, utilization of DNR orders in New York State was significantly lower than neighboring states. This decreased utilization, however, did not effect hospital utilization as measured through length of stay and ICU admissions.

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Computerised data bases on prescription drug use and health care in the community of Tierp, Sweden: Experiences and challenges from a study of antidepressant-treated patients

Norsk Epidemiologi ◽

10.5324/nje.v11i1.530 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kerstin Bingefors

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Clinical Practice ◽

Drug Use ◽

Prescription Drug ◽

Data Base ◽

Prescription Drugs ◽

Data Availability ◽

Font Size ◽

Data Bases ◽

Prescription Drug Use

ABSTRACTMuch of our knowledge of drugs originates from clinical trials of drug efficacy performed on stringentlyselected patient groups, often without multiple concurrent diseases. However, the effectiveness of treatmentunder conditions of use in ordinary clinical practice may be very different to conditions in therandomised clinical trial. Use of large computerised data bases and record linkage has thus becomeincreasingly common in pharmacoepidemiologic research. The greatest advantages of using routinelycollected data are the minimisation of study costs and time required to complete a study, considerationsthat are particularly relevant for longitudinal studies. The advantages of using data bases also include thepossibility of obtaining large sample sizes and to retrospectively study long-term outcomes. The risk forrecall bias, a significant problem in interviews and questionnaires, is also reduced. However, computeriseddata bases also have some potentially serious disadvantages, primarily in the areas of data validityand data availability. The Tierp study, including individually based data bases of prescription drug use,will be used here as an example of research. In this paper an example of a comprehensive data base studyconcerning health care and drug utilisation in depressed patients is presented. Methodological considerationsin data base research are discussed in relation to experiences from the antidepressant study. A wellplanned and research oriented computerised data base on prescription drugs represents an important toolin the study of the outcome of drug treatment in real world clinical practice.

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