Determination of the Minimum Energy Conformations of Benzyl Alcohol and 2-Phenethyl Alcohol

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoong-Sun Im ◽  
E. R. Bernstein
Keyword(s):  
Benzyl Alcohol ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Phenethyl Alcohol

Changes in Volatile Compounds during Ripening in Grapes of Airén, Macabeo and Chardonnay White Varieties Grown in La Mancha Region (Spain)

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. García ◽  
J. L. Chacón ◽  
J. Martínez ◽  
P. M. Izquierdo
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Benzyl Alcohol ◽  
Volatile Compound ◽  
The Other ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Grape Variety ◽  
La Mancha ◽  
Low Concentrations

Changes in volatile compounds in musts and skins of grapes of Airén, Macabeo and Chardonnay white varieties were determined during ripening. The musts of the Airén variety contained higher concentrations of c-3-hexenol; musts of the Macabeo variety were the richest in t-3-hexenol and 2,4-hexadienal, while the Chardonnay musts stood out for having higher concentrations of benzaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde and benzyl alcohol. The skins of the three varieties were both qualitatively and quantitatively richer in volatiles than were the musts. The skins of the Airén grapes had the highest levels of nerol. Airén grapes were the only variety in which citronellol was present in the skins. Low concentrations of eugenol were detected in the skins of the Chardonnay grape variety but were not present in the other two varieties. Changes in the concentration of the volatile compounds during ripening were not uniform; this made difficult the determination of the optimum level of ripening for each variety on the basis of the volatile compound content. Nevertheless, results indicated that C6 compounds and terpene concentrations reached a maximum at 6-8 ° Baumé in the Airén grapes and at around 11 ° Baumé in the Chardonnay and Macabeo grapes.

Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol and 1-Phenethyl Alcohol by a Decahydroquinolinyl-N-oxyl Radical

Heterocycles ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitomo Kashiwagi ◽  
Futoshi Kurashima ◽  
Chikara Kikuchi ◽  
Jun-ichi Anzai ◽  
Tetsuo Osa
Keyword(s):  
Benzyl Alcohol ◽  
Electrocatalytic Oxidation ◽  
Phenethyl Alcohol ◽  
Oxidation Of Benzyl Alcohol

A SIMULATION STUDY OF ENERGY UTILISATION IN A VARIABLE LINK LENGTH 3 DOF REVOLUTE ARTICULATED MANIPULATOR

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Sulaiman Wan Mohamad ◽  
Zulkifli Mohamed ◽  
Zainoor Hailmee Solihin ◽  
Kamrol Amri Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Study ◽  
Energy Method ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Link Length ◽  
Manipulator Link ◽  
Point To Point

Determination of manipulator link lengths is one of the important criteria in robotic design. The purpose of this study is to find the minimum energy utilization for a 3 DOF revolute articulated manipulator to perform certain point-to-point task by varying the link lengths of the manipulator. The lengths of the second and third link of the developed manipulator can be varied accordingly. The investigation of energy for different link length combinations is carried out theoretically. In the simulation, the work-energy method is constituted in order to determine the average mechanical energy of the manipulator. The simulation shows that, different trajectory of motions results in different link length combinations that could give optimum average energy utilization. Results of the simulations shows that, improvement of mechanical energy utilization could be achieved by having variable link length of manipulator rather than having fixed length of manipulator’s arms. 

A MODIFIED PROCEDURE FOR THE DETERMINATION OF CAROTENE IN SILAGE

1939 ◽  
Vol 17b (10) ◽  
pp. 325-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Neish ◽  
W. D. McFarlane ◽  
W. A. Brechin
Keyword(s):  
Partition Coefficient ◽  
Benzyl Alcohol ◽  
Chromatographic Methods ◽  
System Hexane

The pigments in silage which have been formed from xanthophyll by acids and which interfere in the determination of carotene have been separated by chromatographic methods and found to exhibit solubilities intermediate between those of carotene and xanthophyll. A method based on the partition coefficient of carotene and the interfering pigments in the system hexane-benzyl alcohol was found to give reliable estimates of carotene.

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