EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF SENSORY DEPRIVATION AND SOCIAL ISOLATION

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas I. MYERS ◽  
Donald B. Murphy ◽  
Seward Smith ◽  
S. J. Goffard
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Sensory Deprivation ◽  
Experimental Studies

Experimental studies of sensory deprivation and social isolation.

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas I. Myers ◽  
Donald B. Murphy ◽  
Seward Smith ◽  
S. James Goffard
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Sensory Deprivation ◽  
Experimental Studies

Experimental and subject factors determining responses to sensory deprivation, social isolation, and confinement.

1968 ◽  
Vol 73 (3, Pt.1) ◽  
pp. 183-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marvin Zuckerman ◽  
Harold Persky ◽  
Katherine E. Link ◽  
Gopak K. Basu
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Sensory Deprivation

scholarly journals Why does the spread of COVID-19 vary greatly in different countries? Revealing the efficacy of face masks in epidemic prevention

2021 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jincheng Wei ◽  
Shurui Guo ◽  
Enshen Long ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Bizhen Shu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Filtration Efficiency ◽  
Volume Distribution ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Protection Measure ◽  
Source Of Infection

Abstract The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is highly contagious, and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by it has forced many countries to adopt ‘lockdown’ measures to prevent the spread of the epidemic through social isolation of citizens. Some countries proposed universal mask wearing as a protection measure of public health to strengthen national prevention efforts and to limit the wider spread of the epidemic. In order to reveal the epidemic prevention efficacy of masks, this paper systematically evaluates the experimental studies of various masks and filter materials, summarises the general characteristics of the filtration efficiency of isolation masks with particle size, and reveals the actual efficacy of masks by combining the volume distribution characteristics of human exhaled droplets with different particle sizes and the SARS-CoV-2 virus load of nasopharynx and throat swabs from patients. The existing measured data show that the filtration efficiency of all kinds of masks for large particles and extra-large droplets is close to 100%. From the perspective of filtering the total number of pathogens discharged in the environment and protecting vulnerable individuals from breathing live viruses, the mask has a higher protective effect. If considering the weighted average filtration efficiency with different particle sizes, the filtration efficiencies of the N95 mask and the ordinary mask are 99.4% and 98.5%, respectively. The mask can avoid releasing active viruses to the environment from the source of infection, thus maximising the protection of vulnerable individuals by reducing the probability of inhaling a virus. Therefore, if the whole society strictly implements the policy of publicly wearing masks, the risk of large-scale spread of the epidemic can be greatly reduced. Compared with the overall cost of social isolation, limited personal freedoms and forced suspension of economic activities, the inconvenience for citizens caused by wearing masks is perfectly acceptable.

scholarly journals Lockdown and visual hallucinations in older people: a community perspective

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S119-S120
Author(s):  
Rim Roufael
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Community Mental Health ◽  
Older People ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Sensory Deprivation ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Cognitive Stimulation ◽  
Visual Hallucinations ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Charles Bonnet Syndrome

ObjectiveAfter COVID-19 was declared as a pandemic, different countries have enforced lockdowns, and shielding to mitigate the spread of the virus as preventing loss of lives was the priority.Our aim is to look for possible explanations for increased rates of visual hallucinations presented to Community Mental Health Teams for Older People during the period of lockdown.Case reportA review of clinical cases presenting with new onset visual hallucinations to the Community Mental Health Teams for Older People during the lockdown period in 2020 was summarised in two case scenarios. One scenario represents cases with known background of dementia, while the other scenario represents new referrals during the lockdown period with no known psychiatric background. In those cases, the visual hallucinations started during lockdown with no clear cause, did not respond to psychotropic medications, physical health investigations were all normal and hallucinations improved markedly with the end of the lockdown and social isolation.DiscussionFrom clinical practice point of view, during the period of lockdown in the COVID-19 pandemic, visual hallucinations has been one of the commonest presentations reported to the Community Mental Health Teams for Older People. Families were calling frequently reporting that their loved ones were “seeing things”. Possible underlying causes include: social isolation, sensory and perceptual deprivation, visual impairment and Charles Bonnet syndrome, lack of cognitive stimulation activities with progress of dementia, superimposed delirium, in addition to depression secondary to loneliness, reduction in community support, increased alcohol consumption and negative effects of repeated media consumption.ConclusionThere has been a marked increase in reporting visual hallucinations in the shielding older people population in the community during the period of lockdown in the COVID-19 pandemic. This shielded population was not exposed to COVID-19, so it didn't give an explanation to this new phenomenon. Though there are multiple possible causative factors, the effect of the lockdown itself with its resultant social isolation and sensory deprivation remains to be the most significant. Shielding the older people population throughout the COVID-19 pandemic came as an essential measure as the physical safety and preventing loss of lives was the priority; however the lockdown had significant negative effects on the mental health of the shielding population. It remains unclear if those negative effects are going to be reversible in the future, resulting in poor quality of life.

Male-Female Differences in Underwater Sensory Isolation

1964 ◽  
Vol 110 (465) ◽  
pp. 290-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathryn Walters ◽  
Oscar A. Parsons ◽  
Jay T. Shurley
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sensory Deprivation ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Sensory Isolation

Since the pioneering studies of Hebb and his associates (2) on the effects of sensory deprivation on human beings, numerous investigators have conducted experimental studies under varying conditions in an effort to establish consistent trends in behaviour of subjects exposed to such conditions. Since only two other laboratories, both using male subjects, have reported underwater studies in deprivation (1, 5), an attempt to replicate our findings of sex differences in response to the situation by use of this method seemed to be in order.

Responses to Confinement: An Investigation of Sensory Deprivation, Social Isolation, Restriction of Movement and Set Factors

1968 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 319-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marvin Zuckerman ◽  
Harold Persky ◽  
Kathryn E. Link ◽  
Gopal K. Basu
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Prior Information ◽  
Sensory Deprivation ◽  
Sensory Stimulation ◽  
Autonomic Arousal ◽  
Movement Restriction ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Process Effects ◽  
Uncertainty Set ◽  
Deprivation Experiment

An attempt was made to investigate the interactive roles of social isolation, movement restriction, and prior information in the sensory deprivation experiment. 20 Ss were put into an 8-hr. sensory deprivation condition and 20 other Ss into an 8-hr. social isolation (with sensory stimulation) condition. All Ss were also seen on a non-confined control day in the laboratory. The order of the control and experimental days was counterbalanced within each group. These groups were compared with other groups with less movement restriction. The results indicated that the interaction between confinement and familiarity-uncertainty set produced psychological stress effects. Sensory deprivation and uncertainty produced “primary-process” effects; movement restriction enhanced these effects and produced additional discomfort and more autonomic arousal.

Using Angels and Devils: A Board Game Developed for Play in Nursing Homes

1980 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Corbin ◽  
Thomas M. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Sensory Deprivation ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Board Game ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Board Games ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Isolation Effects ◽  
Perceptual Deprivation

The incidence of perceptual deprivation and social isolation effects, possible correlates of such effects, and the potential for remediation of effects was studied for thirty-two nursing home residents through playing a discussion-stimulating board game called Angels and Devils. Results indicate a high incidence of sensory deprivation and social isolation effects in the population, as measured by resident response to questionnaire items. These do not correlate with length of institutionalization, amount of social contact, or degree of medical restriction, and may be reduced by stimulating resident-staff discussion. Findings are interpreted as indicating the need for more research in application of board games to ameliorate negative effects emerging in institutional environments.

COLLECTED PAPERS RELATED TO THE STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF SENSORY DEPRIVATION AND SOCIAL ISOLATION

1962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas I. Myers ◽  
Lyman M. Forbes ◽  
Jack Arbit ◽  
Jack Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Sensory Deprivation
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