Experimental and subject factors determining responses to sensory deprivation, social isolation, and confinement.

1968 ◽  
Vol 73 (3, Pt.1) ◽  
pp. 183-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marvin Zuckerman ◽  
Harold Persky ◽  
Katherine E. Link ◽  
Gopak K. Basu
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Sensory Deprivation

scholarly journals Lockdown and visual hallucinations in older people: a community perspective

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S119-S120
Author(s):  
Rim Roufael
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Community Mental Health ◽  
Older People ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Sensory Deprivation ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Cognitive Stimulation ◽  
Visual Hallucinations ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Charles Bonnet Syndrome

ObjectiveAfter COVID-19 was declared as a pandemic, different countries have enforced lockdowns, and shielding to mitigate the spread of the virus as preventing loss of lives was the priority.Our aim is to look for possible explanations for increased rates of visual hallucinations presented to Community Mental Health Teams for Older People during the period of lockdown.Case reportA review of clinical cases presenting with new onset visual hallucinations to the Community Mental Health Teams for Older People during the lockdown period in 2020 was summarised in two case scenarios. One scenario represents cases with known background of dementia, while the other scenario represents new referrals during the lockdown period with no known psychiatric background. In those cases, the visual hallucinations started during lockdown with no clear cause, did not respond to psychotropic medications, physical health investigations were all normal and hallucinations improved markedly with the end of the lockdown and social isolation.DiscussionFrom clinical practice point of view, during the period of lockdown in the COVID-19 pandemic, visual hallucinations has been one of the commonest presentations reported to the Community Mental Health Teams for Older People. Families were calling frequently reporting that their loved ones were “seeing things”. Possible underlying causes include: social isolation, sensory and perceptual deprivation, visual impairment and Charles Bonnet syndrome, lack of cognitive stimulation activities with progress of dementia, superimposed delirium, in addition to depression secondary to loneliness, reduction in community support, increased alcohol consumption and negative effects of repeated media consumption.ConclusionThere has been a marked increase in reporting visual hallucinations in the shielding older people population in the community during the period of lockdown in the COVID-19 pandemic. This shielded population was not exposed to COVID-19, so it didn't give an explanation to this new phenomenon. Though there are multiple possible causative factors, the effect of the lockdown itself with its resultant social isolation and sensory deprivation remains to be the most significant. Shielding the older people population throughout the COVID-19 pandemic came as an essential measure as the physical safety and preventing loss of lives was the priority; however the lockdown had significant negative effects on the mental health of the shielding population. It remains unclear if those negative effects are going to be reversible in the future, resulting in poor quality of life.

Experimental studies of sensory deprivation and social isolation.

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas I. Myers ◽  
Donald B. Murphy ◽  
Seward Smith ◽  
S. James Goffard
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Sensory Deprivation ◽  
Experimental Studies

Responses to Confinement: An Investigation of Sensory Deprivation, Social Isolation, Restriction of Movement and Set Factors

1968 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 319-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marvin Zuckerman ◽  
Harold Persky ◽  
Kathryn E. Link ◽  
Gopal K. Basu
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Prior Information ◽  
Sensory Deprivation ◽  
Sensory Stimulation ◽  
Autonomic Arousal ◽  
Movement Restriction ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Process Effects ◽  
Uncertainty Set ◽  
Deprivation Experiment

An attempt was made to investigate the interactive roles of social isolation, movement restriction, and prior information in the sensory deprivation experiment. 20 Ss were put into an 8-hr. sensory deprivation condition and 20 other Ss into an 8-hr. social isolation (with sensory stimulation) condition. All Ss were also seen on a non-confined control day in the laboratory. The order of the control and experimental days was counterbalanced within each group. These groups were compared with other groups with less movement restriction. The results indicated that the interaction between confinement and familiarity-uncertainty set produced psychological stress effects. Sensory deprivation and uncertainty produced “primary-process” effects; movement restriction enhanced these effects and produced additional discomfort and more autonomic arousal.

Using Angels and Devils: A Board Game Developed for Play in Nursing Homes

1980 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Corbin ◽  
Thomas M. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Sensory Deprivation ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Board Game ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Board Games ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Isolation Effects ◽  
Perceptual Deprivation

The incidence of perceptual deprivation and social isolation effects, possible correlates of such effects, and the potential for remediation of effects was studied for thirty-two nursing home residents through playing a discussion-stimulating board game called Angels and Devils. Results indicate a high incidence of sensory deprivation and social isolation effects in the population, as measured by resident response to questionnaire items. These do not correlate with length of institutionalization, amount of social contact, or degree of medical restriction, and may be reduced by stimulating resident-staff discussion. Findings are interpreted as indicating the need for more research in application of board games to ameliorate negative effects emerging in institutional environments.

COLLECTED PAPERS RELATED TO THE STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF SENSORY DEPRIVATION AND SOCIAL ISOLATION

1962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas I. Myers ◽  
Lyman M. Forbes ◽  
Jack Arbit ◽  
Jack Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Sensory Deprivation

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF SENSORY DEPRIVATION AND SOCIAL ISOLATION

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas I. MYERS ◽  
Donald B. Murphy ◽  
Seward Smith ◽  
S. J. Goffard
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Sensory Deprivation ◽  
Experimental Studies

Motives for Social Isolation Following a Negative Emotional Episode

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-131
Author(s):  
Gérald Delelis ◽  
Véronique Christophe
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Social Affiliation ◽  
Semantic Categorization ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Cognitive Regulation ◽  
Emotional Event ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Emotional Events

Abstract. After experiencing an emotional event, people either seek out others’ presence (social affiliation) or avoid others’ presence (social isolation). The determinants and effects of social affiliation are now well-known, but social psychologists have not yet thoroughly studied social isolation. This study aims to ascertain which motives and corresponding regulation strategies participants report for social isolation following negative emotional events. A group of 96 participants retrieved from memory an actual negative event that led them to temporarily socially isolate themselves and freely listed up to 10 motives for social isolation. Through semantic categorization of the 423 motives reported by the participants, we found that “cognitive clarification” and “keeping one’s distance” – that is, the need for cognitive regulation and the refusal of socioaffective regulation, respectively – were the most commonly and quickly reported motives for social isolation. We discuss the findings in terms of ideas for future studies aimed at clarifying the role of social isolation in health situations.

The Need to Belong and the Relationship Between Loneliness and Health

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 194-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freda-Marie Hartung ◽  
Britta Renner
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Health State ◽  
Need To Belong ◽  
First Year University ◽  
Perceived Social Isolation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Humans are social animals; consequently, a lack of social ties affects individuals’ health negatively. However, the desire to belong differs between individuals, raising the question of whether individual differences in the need to belong moderate the impact of perceived social isolation on health. In the present study, 77 first-year university students rated their loneliness and health every 6 weeks for 18 weeks. Individual differences in the need to belong were found to moderate the relationship between loneliness and current health state. Specifically, lonely students with a high need to belong reported more days of illness than those with a low need to belong. In contrast, the strength of the need to belong had no effect on students who did not feel lonely. Thus, people who have a strong need to belong appear to suffer from loneliness and become ill more often, whereas people with a weak need to belong appear to stand loneliness better and are comparatively healthy. The study implies that social isolation does not impact all individuals identically; instead, the fit between the social situation and an individual’s need appears to be crucial for an individual’s functioning.

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