LNG Imports - A Strategic Choice for GCC Region

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.D.. D. Mohite
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Strategic Choice ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Abu Dhabi ◽  
Power Demand ◽  
Associated Gas ◽  
Field Development ◽  
Gcc Countries

Abstract Although Middle East region is blessed with 43% of global proven gas reserves equivalent at 80 trillion cubic meters, of which 50 % are in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, apart from the challenge of historic under-investment, regional gas endowments have been highly uneven and unique. The region is responding to gas shortages by boosting supplies through a combination of E&P developments and imports. As per IEA, the current 240 billion cubic meters (BCM) demand is expected to rise to 300 BCM by 2020 and 600 BCM by 2030. About 90% of incremental energy demand for power generation would come from gas then. Strategic investment will have to focus on creating large volumes of storage capacity as well as peak deliverability to cope with rising imports and power demand requirements. Currently, Dubai and Kuwait import LNG through floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU) projects. At first these imports were seasonal (i.e. summer demand for electricity for air conditioning) and on a spot or short-term basis. Now, demand extends into all but the winter months and soon demand will be year round. The expansion of FSRU in Kuwait in to a permanent facility would increase capacity from 500 MMSCF/d to 3 BCF/d in two phases. This 11.0 million ton per annum (MMTPA) Kuwaiti LNG project under phase-I, is likely to replace the country's FSRU by 2020, mainly to replace the fuel oil firing in power plants. Abu Dhabi is developing a 8.7 MMTPA project in the Emirate of Fujairah on the Indian Ocean outside the Strait of Hormuz. Depending on supply-demand dynamics, Abu Dhabi may be both an importer and exporter of LNG, possibly relying on gas from the Shah and Bab fields. Bahrain has plans to develop 3.6 MMPTA shore-based import facility. Oman has combined Oman LNG and Qalhat LNG projects for integrated benefits, is developing unconventional gas reserves and would reduce gas subsidies to improve the demand equilibrium. Yemen continues to export LNG but has interruptions because of security issues. While Qatar gains geo-political benefits from its broader LNG export customers, with plans to expand its LNG capacity further, the possibility of it supplying gas to its neighbors is remote. Whereas, Saudi Arabia is better dedicated to its oil-field development, has realized benefits of developing and commercializing its gas fields, for both power and job generation. In view of the above, LNG thus remains a strategic choice for GCC countries mainly due to: Most environment-friendly and efficient option for rapidly escalating power demand at ~ 8% p.a.Techno-economics favoring fuel mix of LSFO and LNG for power and industries, instead of crude and dieselRefinery-Petrochemical integration becomes a more viable optionLimitations on geo-technical and geo-political contentious issues on developing non-associated gas fieldsChallenges on speeding up trade and strengthening exchange of power using 2009-set GCC grid, at full capacitySlow diversification into high-profile renewable power projects and its bold initiatives

Field Development Expansion of a Giant Oil Field in Abu Dhabi Using Artificial Islands as Drilling and Production Centers

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyrus Modavi ◽  
Wallace William Martin ◽  
Abdul Hakeem Al Muflehi ◽  
John Victor Walters ◽  
Gamal Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Oil Field ◽  
Abu Dhabi ◽  
Field Development

scholarly journals Optimal Energy Management Strategy for a DC Linked Hydro–PV–Wind Renewable Energy System for Hydroelectric Power Generation Optimization

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Adel Elgammal ◽  
Curtis Boodoo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Management ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Power Demand ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Energy Management Strategy

The goal of this article is to create an intelligent energy management system that will control the stand-alone microgrid and power flow of a grid associated that includes Battery Energy Storage System, Fuel Cell, Wind Turbine, Diesel Generator, Photovoltaic, and a Hydro Power Plant. Storage systems are required for high dependability, while control systems are required for the system's optimum and steady functioning. The control, operation, and planning of both energy demand and production are all part of energy management. By controlling unpredictable power and providing an appropriate control algorithm for the entire system, the suggested energy management strategy is designed to handle diverse variations in power demand and supply. Under the TOU Tariff, the problem is presented as a discrete time multi-objective optimization method to minimize grid imported energy costs. It also maximizes earnings from surplus RE sales to the grid at a pre-determined RE feed-in tariff. Simulations were run using SIMULINK/MATLAB to validate and evaluate the suggested energy management approach under various power demand and power supply scenarios. The simulations indicate that the proposed energy management can fulfill demand at all times utilizing unreliable renewables like wind, solar, and hydroelectric power plants, as well as hydrogen fuel cells and batteries, without affecting load supply or power quality.

A Higher Turndown Flexibility on AE64.3A Gas Turbine: Design and Operating Experience

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Bonzani ◽  
Luca Bozzi ◽  
Alessia Bulli ◽  
Andrea Silingardi ◽  
Domenico Zito
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Power Demand ◽  
Service Market ◽  
Low Load ◽  
Base Load

Italian power generation market is living today a period of substantial changes due to the liberalization process, climate issues, natural gas price fluctuation and the uncertain future of nuclear and coal. In this framework, many gas turbine power plants, originally designed to operate mainly at base load, feel the necessity to be flexibly and profitably operated into the dispatch and ancillary energy service market. In particular, many operators ask for the possibility to operate their gas turbines intermittently, frequently cycling and quickly ramping up and down to satisfy energy demand. Such using drafts new trade off between profitability and maintenance cost. From this point of view it’s not unusual to shut down the engine when the power demand is low if the unit cannot be cost effectively parked at a suitable low load and then quickly ramped up to base load when the power demand is higher. The main barrier against lowering the minimum load of the gas turbines is the increase of the CO emission. When the engine operates close to its turndown load the compressor airflow is such that the heat released by the flame cannot properly support the conversion of CO into CO2. In such a condition, the power plant will not comply with the environmental legislation and must be operated at a higher load or, worse, shut down. An operating strategy has been devised to face up such problem. It is based on the adjustment of compressor IGV (Inlet Guide Vanes) and the optimisation of cooling air consumption in order to keep the proper amount of combustion air close to the turndown load. This paper shows the feasibility check, the installation and final field tests of the low load turndown upgrade on a AE64.3A gas turbine which allowed to operate the unit in a more cost effective way even when the power demand is low.

scholarly journals Design of control strategies for frequency stability of PV-thermal interconnected power system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Milton Solomon Estrice
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power System ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Power Demand ◽  
Energy Prices

Renewable energy in particular solar energy is a viable option to meet the increasing energy demand for the modern world. The Solar resource in South Africa is among the highest in the world. With the progression of modern society, both energy demands and energy prices are increasing, which has welcomed the introduction of renewable energy resources as an alternative. However, solar radiation varies over the complete day sometimes over the season, and sometimes over the complete year. Further, the power demand is highly variable in nature. Hence, the generated power should match the customer demands over the period of twenty-four hours, and further, it should be economical for customers and electrical utilities. Hence, this study will focus on integrating PV plants with thermal plants to meet the rising customer power demand. The integration of PV with thermal power plants will bring some new challenges in the domain of power system operation & control which is the frequency of the power system should be restricted to well-defined values. Hence, suitable control strategies are to be developed for the successful and smooth operation of the power system. In this research work, an attempt is made to investigate an interlinked system comprising of a thermal and a PV generation system. The control strategies based on PID controllers and their gains tuned through effective tuning techniques are presented. In addition, the concept of fuzzy logic is used to address the problem of frequency managing of PV-Thermal via effectively designing fuzzy proportional, fuzzy integral, and fuzzy PI built control strategies to ensure the frequency regulation of the energy system. The obtained results are shown via a graphical approach, and the best control design is explore and suggested for the considered system. In addition, the scope for further improvement and possible direction areas are also explored and listed in this report.

Evaluation of Hydrocarbon Producability Below FWL Onshore Abu Dhabi Oil Field Case Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Eriavbe ◽  
Abdurahiman Vadakkeveetil ◽  
Mohamad Alkhatib ◽  
Iftikhar Khattak ◽  
Raffik Lazar
Keyword(s):  
Reservoir Characterization ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Abu Dhabi ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Field Development ◽  
Domain Integration

Abstract Objectives / Scope This paper addresses the field development planning challenges of a green onshore South East Abu Dhabi oil field with limited production data. Tectonic movements have created strike slip faults dissecting the structure and uplifting the main body. Tilting of the flanks has resulted in the accumulation to leak some of its initial hydrocarbon and a rebalancing showing a titled FWL. A novel workflow was used to address the challenging reservoir physics including hydrocarbon below FWL. The paper takes a holistic approach in integrating multiple domains data such as Drilling, Petrophysics, Geology and Reservoir / Production Engineering. Methods, Procedures, Process An integrated approach was adopted to address the complexity and challenges of characterizing and modelling the field with hydrocarbon below FWL. Extensive range of data was collected to contribute to better understanding and evaluation of the field. The producibility of hydrocarbon below FWL have a significant impact on field development planning. The used workflow was specifically suitable to drive subsurface team right reservoir characterization: Improve fluid contacts understanding Explain the log responses The discrepancies between dynamic and static responses De-risk the volumetric uncertainties Results Following an extensive multi-disciplinary technical analysis of all available datasets, the most robust, accurate and reliable reservoir characterization, that can be seamlessly integrated into dynamic reservoir modelling phase. A systematic approach was adopted starting from core measurement and lab visits, drilling data such as mud logs, Petrophysical evaluation of multiple complex physics such as hydrocarbon presence below FWL, micro porous intervals, Micritic minerals and imbibition effect, geological regional understanding of faulted reservoirs, and dynamic data such as formation well tests. The study demonstrated that multi-domain integration played a key role in addressing the complex and challenging reservoir dynamics. Novel / Additive Information Large subsurface uncertainty combined with an extensive domain integration required cutting-edge reservoir de-risking and data gathering to provide the optimal reservoir characterization. These unique workflows can be readily used in similar green fields and will be described in full details in the paper.

Design of Gas Injection Unit in an Iranian Onshore Oil Field Development Project

2011 ◽  
Vol 110-116 ◽  
pp. 5029-5035
Author(s):  
Abutaleb Koosha ◽  
M.Reza Mogadam ◽  
M.Mesam Abutorabi Fard
Keyword(s):  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Development Project ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Associated Gas ◽  
Field Development ◽  
Oil Field Development ◽  
Injection Unit ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Oilfield Development

In an Iranian oilfield development which is under construction nowadays, it is decided to inject the separated gas in the reservoir Instead of flaring it. For this reason the injection pressure is calculated about 520 bars. The maximum rate of injection will be 280 millions cubic feet per day (330 363.215 cubic meter/hour). This gas should be injected in the reservoir to increase its pressure but the most important thing here is the injection compressor configuration. 3 units has been considered to compress the gas and each unit had 100 MMSCFD capacity. For increasing the gas pressure two compression units are foreseen: flash unit and injection unit. In flash gas unit the pressure will increase from 6 bars to 75 bars and in injection unit from 75 bars to 525 bars. But the gas which is upgraded in the flash unit should be dehydrated in dehydration package before entering to the injection unit. Due to the high flow rate of injection and other reasons which are discussed in this paper, the compressors are selected from centrifugal types. It is shown that in both flash and injection units, the compressors should be considered multistage. By the injection of associated gas instead of flaring it, the environment can be prevented from pollution and the reservoir pressure always will be maintained in a desired level. (Abstract)

Fuzzy multi-objective decision making approach for nuclear power plant installation

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 6339-6350
Author(s):  
Esra Çakır ◽  
Ziya Ulukan
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Objective Functions ◽  
Multi Objective

Due to the increase in energy demand, many countries suffer from energy poverty because of insufficient and expensive energy supply. Plans to use alternative power like nuclear power for electricity generation are being revived among developing countries. Decisions for installation of power plants need to be based on careful assessment of future energy supply and demand, economic and financial implications and requirements for technology transfer. Since the problem involves many vague parameters, a fuzzy model should be an appropriate approach for dealing with this problem. This study develops a Fuzzy Multi-Objective Linear Programming (FMOLP) model for solving the nuclear power plant installation problem in fuzzy environment. FMOLP approach is recommended for cases where the objective functions are imprecise and can only be stated within a certain threshold level. The proposed model attempts to minimize total duration time, total cost and maximize the total crash time of the installation project. By using FMOLP, the weighted additive technique can also be applied in order to transform the model into Fuzzy Multiple Weighted-Objective Linear Programming (FMWOLP) to control the objective values such that all decision makers target on each criterion can be met. The optimum solution with the achievement level for both of the models (FMOLP and FMWOLP) are compared with each other. FMWOLP results in better performance as the overall degree of satisfaction depends on the weight given to the objective functions. A numerical example demonstrates the feasibility of applying the proposed models to nuclear power plant installation problem.

On the prospect of introduction of plasma ignition in power boilers

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
V. Ye. Mikhailov ◽  
S. P. Kolpakov ◽  
L. A. Khomenok ◽  
N. S. Shestakov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Solid Fuels ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Plasma Ignition ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Capital Construction

One of the most important issues for modern domestic power industry is the creation and further widespread introduction of solid propellant energy units for super-critical steam parameters with high efficiency (43–46%) and improved environmental parameters. This will significantly reduce the use of natural gas.At the same time, one of the major drawbacks of the operation of pulverized coal power units is the need to use a significant amount of fuel oil during start-up and shutdown of boilers to stabilize the burning of the coal torch in the variable boiler operating modes.In this regard, solid fuel TPPs need to be provided with fuel oil facilities, with all the associated problems to ensure the performance (heating of fuel oil in winter), reliability and safety. All of the above problems increase both the TPP capital construction costs, and the electricity generating cost.A practical solution to the above problems at present is the use of a plasma technology for coal torch ignition based on thermochemical preparation of fuel for combustion. The materials of the developments of JSC “NPO CKTI” on application of plasmatrons in boilers of thermal power plants at metallurgical complexes of the Russian Federation are also considered.Plasma ignition systems for solid fuels in boilers were developed by Russian specialists and were introduced at a number of coal-fi red power plants in the Russian Federation, Mongolia, North Korea, and Kazakhstan. Plasma ignition of solid fuels is widely used in China for almost 30% of power boilers.The introduction of plasma-energy technologies will improve the energy efficiency of domestic solid-fuel thermal power plants and can be widely implemented in the modernization of boilers.During the construction of new TPPs, the construction of fuel oil facilities can be abandoned altogether, which will reduce the capital costs of the construction of thermal power plants, reduce the construction footprint, and increase the TPP safety.

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