Predicted and Observed Evolution of Produced Brine Compositions, and Implications for Scale Management

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yisheng Hu ◽  
Eric Mackay ◽  
Oleg Ishkov ◽  
Alistair Strachan
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Theoretical Estimate ◽  
Scale Formation ◽  
Exchange Reactions ◽  
Predictive Tool ◽  
Geochemical Model ◽  
Production Wells ◽  
Geochemical Reactions

Abstract Produced water was sampled and measured repeatedly during production from an offshore field, and an extensive brine chemistry dataset was developed. Systematic analysis of this dataset enables an in-depth study of brine/brine and brine/rock interactions occurring in the reservoir, with the objective of improving the prediction and management of scale formation, prevention and remediation. A study of the individual ion trends in the produced brine, using the types of plot developed for the Reacting Ions Toolkit (Ishkov et al., 2009), provides insights into what components are involved in in situ geochemical reactions as the brines are displaced through the reservoir, and how the precipitation and dissolution of minerals and the ion exchange reactions occurring within the reservoir can be identified. This information is then used to better evaluate the scale risk at the production wells. A thermodynamic prediction model is used to calculate the risk of scale precipitation in a series of individual produced water samples, thus providing an evaluation of the actual scaling risk in these samples, rather than the usual theoretical estimate based on endpoint formation and injection brine compositions, and the erroneous assumption that no reactions in the reservoir impact the produced water composition. Nonetheless, the usual effects of temperature, pressure and brine composition are accounted for in these calculations using classical thermodynamics. The comparison of theoretical and actual results indicates that geochemical reactions taking place in this given reservoir lead to ion depletion that greatly reduces the severity and potential for scale formation. However, ion exchange reactions are also observed, and these too affect the scale risk, and the effectiveness of scale inhibitors in preventing deposition. Additionally, comprehensive analysis using a geochemical model is used to predict the evolution of the produced brine compositions at the production wells, and to test the assumptions about which in situ reactions are occurring. A good match between the predictions from this geochemical model and the observed produced brine compositions is obtained, suggesting that the key reactions included in the geochemical model are representative of actual field behaviour. This helps to establish confidence that the model can be used as a predictive tool.

Kinetics of Ion-Exchange Reactions in Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Perovskite Thin Films Studied by In Situ Real-Time X-ray Scattering

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (23) ◽  
pp. 6750-6754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Greco ◽  
Alexander Hinderhofer ◽  
M. Ibrahim Dar ◽  
Neha Arora ◽  
Jan Hagenlocher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Exchange Reactions ◽  
Inorganic Perovskite ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Kinetics Of Ion Exchange

Ion Exchange Behavior of the Febex Bentonite: 2. Batch Experiments and Geochemical Modeling

2000 ◽  
Vol 663 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Delgado ◽  
P. Carretero ◽  
R. Juncosa ◽  
J. Samper ◽  
F.J. Huertas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Geochemical Modeling ◽  
Geochemical Evolution ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Total Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Exchange Reactions ◽  
Major Cations ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Good Agreement

ABSTRACTIon exchange experiments have been performed with the FEBEX bentonite. Five grams of dry powder of this clay were put inside dialysis bags, which were located inside PFA reactors filled with 125 ml of water of a given chemical composition (Moody, Grimsel, and bentonitic-granitic type waters). The reactors containing the clay powder/water mixture were heated to different temperatures (from room temperature up to 80°C) along a time span ranging from 1 day to 1 year. Water was renewed according to a prescribed schedule but not the clay, which remained in place for the whole extent of each test. After each water renewal, major cations, silica, total inorganic carbon, and pH were analyzed. At the end of each test, the exchange complex and CEC of the bentonite were measured. These experiments have been modeled with a conveniently modified version of the EQ3/6 software package where ion exchange reactions were formulated as half reactions and added to its database. In general, model results are in fairly good agreement with experimental data, especially in the case of dissolved cations. Computed values of exchanged concentrations also match the measurements, although in some cases they deviate from them. The fact that the numerical results reproduce the observed patterns of exchange tests indicates that the adopted geochemical conceptual model is appropriate. Some features of the geochemical evolution of these tests also take place at the “mock-up” and “in situ” FEBEX tests.

scholarly journals F/OH ratio in a rare fluorine-poor blue topaz from Padre Paraíso (Minas Gerais, Brazil) to unravel topaz’s ambient of formation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Precisvalle ◽  
A. Martucci ◽  
L. Gigli ◽  
J. R. Plaisier ◽  
T. C. Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supercritical Fluids ◽  
Fluorine Content ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Exchange Reactions ◽  
Silicate System ◽  
Mullite Phase ◽  
Anomalous Water

AbstractTopaz [Al2SiO4(F,OH)2] is one of the main fluorine-bearing silicates occurring in environments where variably acidic (F)/aqueous (OH) fluids saturate the silicate system. In this work we fully characterized blue topaz from Padre Paraíso (Minas Gerais, Brazil) by means of in situ synchrotron X-Ray and neutron powder diffraction measurements (temperature range 298–1273 K) combined with EDS microanalyses. Understanding the role of OH/F substitution in topaz is important in order to determine the hydrophilicity and the exchange reactions of fluorine by hydroxyl groups, and ultimately to characterize the environmental redox conditions (H2O/F) required for mineral formation. The fluorine content estimated from neutron diffraction data is ~ 1.03 a.f.u (10.34 wt%), in agreement with the chemical data (on average 10.0 wt%). The XOH [OH/(OH + F)] (0.484) is close to the maximum XOH value (0.5), and represents the OH- richest topaz composition so far analysed in the Minas Gerais district. Topaz crystallinity and fluorine content sharply decrease at 1170 K, while mullite phase starts growing. On the basis of this behaviour, we suggest that this temperature may represent the potential initial topaz’s crystallization temperature from supercritical fluids in a pegmatite system. The log(fH2O/fHF)fluid (1.27 (0.06)) is coherent with the fluorine activity calculated for hydrothermal fluids (pegmatitic stage) in equilibrium with the forming mineral (log(fH2O/fHF)fluid = 1.2–6.5) and clearly different from pure magmatic (granitic) residual melts [log(fH2O/fHF)fluid < 1]. The modelled H2O saturated fluids with the F content not exceeding 1 wt% may represent an anomalous water-dominant / fluorine-poor pegmatite lens of the Padre Paraíso Pegmatite Field.

Insight into the enhanced photocatalytic properties of AgBr/Ag4P2O7 composites synthesized via in situ ion exchange reaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 104889
Author(s):  
Wyllamanney da S. Pereira ◽  
Fabrício B. Destro ◽  
Cipriano B. Gozzo ◽  
Edson R. Leite ◽  
Júlio C. Sczancoski
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Exchange Reaction ◽  
Photocatalytic Properties ◽  
Ion Exchange Reaction ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Sonically Prepared Cu–Y, Cu–USY and Cu–ZSM-5 Catalysts for SCR deNOx

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 824
Author(s):  
Przemysław J. Jodłowski ◽  
Izabela Czekaj ◽  
Patrycja Stachurska ◽  
Łukasz Kuterasiński ◽  
Lucjan Chmielarz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Ultrasonic Irradiation ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Spectroscopic Studies ◽  
In Situ Drifts ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance Infrared ◽  
Experimental And Theoretical Studies

The objective of our study was to prepare Y-, USY- and ZSM-5-based catalysts by hydrothermal synthesis, followed by copper active-phase deposition by either conventional ion-exchange or ultrasonic irradiation. The resulting materials were characterized by XRD, BET, SEM, TEM, Raman, UV-Vis, monitoring ammonia and nitrogen oxide sorption by FT-IR and Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFTS). XRD data confirmed the purity and structure of the Y/USY or ZSM-5 zeolites. The nitrogen and ammonia sorption results indicated that the materials were highly porous and acidic. The metallic active phase was found in the form of cations in ion-exchanged zeolites and in the form of nanoparticle metal oxides in sonochemically prepared catalysts. The latter showed full activity and high stability in the SCR deNOx reaction. The faujasite-based catalysts were fully active at 200–400 °C, whereas the ZSM-5-based catalysts reached 100% activity at 400–500 °C. Our in situ DRIFTS experiments revealed that Cu–O(NO) and Cu–NH3 were intermediates, also indicating the role of Brønsted sites in the formation of NH4NO3. Furthermore, the results from our experimental in situ spectroscopic studies were compared with DFT models. Overall, our findings suggest two possible mechanisms for the deNOx reaction, depending on the method of catalyst preparation (i.e., conventional ion-exchange vs. ultrasonic irradiation).

scholarly journals Ion Exchange Lithography: Localized Ion Exchange Reactions for Spatial Patterning of Perovskite Semiconductors and Insulators

2021 ◽  
pp. 2005291
Author(s):  
Lukas Helmbrecht ◽  
Moritz H. Futscher ◽  
Loreta A. Muscarella ◽  
Bruno Ehrler ◽  
Willem L. Noorduin
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Spatial Patterning ◽  
Exchange Reactions

1-Carba-arachno-pentaborane(10) Derivatives

1997 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 1254-1262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Wrackmeyer ◽  
Hans-Jörg Schanz
Keyword(s):  
High Yield ◽  
Exchange Reactions ◽  
Nmr Data ◽  
Substituted 1 ◽  
C Nmr

The formation of organo substituted 1-carba-arachno-pentaborane(10) derivatives is shown to proceed in high yield via in situ generated 1,1,1-tris(diethylboryl)propane (2) from diethyl(propyn-1-yl)borane (1) by hydroboration with an excess of diethylborane (hydride bath). In the hydride bath, exchange reactions between 2 and other geminal bis(diethylboryl)alkanes take place until the carbaborane skeleton is formed. If tris(diethylboryl)methane is used under the same conditions, the corresponding 1-carba-arachno-pentaborane(10) derivatives 11 and 12 are formed in mixture with other unknown boranes or carboranes. 11B and 13C NMR data are presented to allow for straightforward identification of the 1-carba-arachno-pentaboranes(10).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document