New Findings on Damage Potential, Geochemical Reaction Mechanisms, and Production Enhancement Applications for Citric Acid

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.H. Al-Khaldi ◽  
H.A. Nasr-El-Din ◽  
M.E. Blauch ◽  
G.P. Funkhouser
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Damage Potential ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Geochemical Reaction

New Findings on Damage Potential, Geochemical Reaction Mechanisms, and Production Enhancement Applications for Citric Acid

SPE Journal ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
pp. 267-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed H. Al-Khaldi ◽  
Hisham A. Nasr-El-Din ◽  
Matthew E. Blauch ◽  
Gary P. Funkhouser
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Damage Potential ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Geochemical Reaction

scholarly journals Totally green cellulose conversion into bio-oil and cellulose citrate using molten citric acid in an open system: synthesis, characterization and computational investigation of reaction mechanisms

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (57) ◽  
pp. 34738-34751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella Romeo ◽  
Fabrizio Olivito ◽  
Antonio Tursi ◽  
Vincenzo Algieri ◽  
Amerigo Beneduci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Open System ◽  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Computational Investigation ◽  
Cellulose Conversion ◽  
System Synthesis ◽  
Efficient Conversion ◽  
Bio Oil

Innovative and efficient conversion of cellulose in furan-based bio-oil and cellulose citrate.

Theoretical and Experimental Investigation on Disposing of Used Lead-Acid Cell Using Citric Acid

2011 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 225-228
Author(s):  
Zhen Bin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Lead Citrate ◽  
Gibbs Function ◽  
Lead Acid Batteries ◽  
Low Reaction Temperature ◽  
Citrate Precursor ◽  
Lead Acid

Taking the paste of used lead acid batteries as studying object, reaction mechanisms and experiments were investigated between citric acid and PbO, PbO2and PbSO4. The results showed that: three reactions Gibbs function, between the citric acid and the PbO, PbO2and PbSO4, were less than zero, and the reaction could be spontaneous; XRD results showed that: the above three reactions could produce lead citrate, and after roasting of the three kinds of lead citrate precursor, the powders, Pb/PbO as their main ingredients, could be obtained at low reaction temperature.

scholarly journals Volatile Compounds of Lemon and Grapefruit IntegroPectin

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Antonino Scurria ◽  
Marzia Sciortino ◽  
Alessandro Presentato ◽  
Claudia Lino ◽  
Elena Piacenza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Hydrodynamic Cavitation ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Degree Of Esterification ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Citrus Waste

An HS-SPME GC-MS analysis of the volatile compounds adsorbed at the outer surface of lemon and grapefruit pectins obtained via the hydrodynamic cavitation of industrial waste streams of lemon and grapefruit peels in water suggests important new findings en route to understanding the powerful and broad biological activity of these new pectic materials. In agreement with the ultralow degree of esterification of these pectins, the high amount of highly bioactive α-terpineol and terpinen-4-ol points to limonene (and linalool) decomposition catalyzed by residual citric acid in the citrus waste peel residue of the juice industrial production.

scholarly journals Volatile Compounds of Lemon and Grapefruit IntegroPectin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonino Scurria ◽  
Marzia Sciortino ◽  
Alessandro Presentato ◽  
Claudia Lino ◽  
Elena Piacenza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Hydrodynamic Cavitation ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Degree Of Esterification ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Citrus Waste

The HS-SPME GC-MS analysis of the volatile compounds adsorbed at the outer surface of lemon and grapefruit pectins obtained via hydrodynamic cavitation of industrial waste streams of lemon and grapefruit peels in water only suggests important new findings en route to understanding the powerful and broad biological activity of these new pectic materials. In agreement with the ultralow degree of esterification of these pectins, the high amount of highly bioactive α-terpineol and terpinen-4-ol points to limonene decomposition catalyzed by residual citric acid in the citrus waste peel residue of the juice industrial production.

scholarly journals Geochemical reaction mechanism discovery from molecular simulation

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew G. Stack ◽  
Paul R. C. Kent
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Molecular Simulation ◽  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Umbrella Sampling ◽  
Mineral Surfaces ◽  
Surface Charging ◽  
Quantum Chemical Methods ◽  
Geochemical Kinetics ◽  
Geochemical Reactivity ◽  
Geochemical Reaction

Environmental context Computational simulations are providing an increasingly useful way to isolate specific geochemical and environmental reactions and to test how important they are to the overall rate. In this review, we summarise a few ways that one can simulate a reaction and discuss each technique’s overall strengths and weaknesses. Selected case studies illustrate how these techniques have helped to improve our understanding for geochemical and environmental problems. Abstract Methods to explore reactions using computer simulation are becoming increasingly quantitative, versatile and robust. In this review, a rationale for how molecular simulation can help build better geochemical kinetics models is first given. Some common methods are summarised that geochemists use to simulate reaction mechanisms, specifically classical molecular dynamics and quantum chemical methods and their strengths and weaknesses are also discussed. Useful tools such as umbrella sampling and metadynamics that enable one to explore reactions are discussed. Several case studies wherein geochemists have used these tools to understand reaction mechanisms are presented, including water exchange and sorption on aqueous species and mineral surfaces, surface charging, crystal growth and dissolution, and electron transfer. The effect that molecular simulation has had on our understanding of geochemical reactivity is highlighted in each case. In the future, it is anticipated that molecular simulation of geochemical reaction mechanisms will become more commonplace as a tool to validate and interpret experimental data, and provide a check on the plausibility of geochemical kinetic models.

Analyzing reactions of single mechanoenzyme molecules by light microscopy

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 426-427
Author(s):  
Jeff Gelles
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Transient State ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
Reaction Intermediates ◽  
Enzyme Molecule ◽  
Directed Movement ◽  
Enzyme Molecules ◽  
Individual Enzyme ◽  
Single Reaction

Mechanoenzymes are enzymes which use a chemical reaction to power directed movement along biological polymer. Such enzymes include the cytoskeletal motors (e.g., myosins, dyneins, and kinesins) as well as nucleic acid polymerases and helicases. A single catalytic turnover of a mechanoenzyme moves the enzyme molecule along the polymer a distance on the order of 10−9 m We have developed light microscope and digital image processing methods to detect and measure nanometer-scale motions driven by single mechanoenzyme molecules. These techniques enable one to monitor the occurrence of single reaction steps and to measure the lifetimes of reaction intermediates in individual enzyme molecules. This information can be used to elucidate reaction mechanisms and determine microscopic rate constants. Such an approach circumvents difficulties encountered in the use of traditional transient-state kinetics techniques to examine mechanoenzyme reaction mechanisms.

X-Ray Microanalysis of Nickel and Cobalt Intensified Peroxidase- Antiperoxidase For Verification of Reaction Sites

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 468-469
Author(s):  
A. Angel ◽  
K. Miller ◽  
V. Seybold ◽  
R. Kriebel
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Visual Discrimination ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Microscopic Level ◽  
Electron Microscopic Level ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Insoluble Polymer ◽  
Cytochemical Reaction

Localization of specific substances at the ultrastructural level is dependent on the introduction of chemicals which will complex and impart an electron density at specific reaction sites. Peroxidase-antiperoxidase(PAP) methods have been successfully applied at the electron microscopic level. The PAP complex is localized by addition of its substrate, hydrogen peroxide and an electron donor, usually diaminobenzidine(DAB). On oxidation, DAB forms an insoluble polymer which is able to chelate with osmium tetroxide becoming electron dense. Since verification of reactivity is visual, discrimination of reaction product from osmiophillic structures may be difficult. Recently, x-ray microanalysis has been applied to examine cytochemical reaction precipitates, their distribution in tissues, and to study cytochemical reaction mechanisms. For example, immunoreactive sites labelled with gold have been ascertained by means of x-ray microanalysis.

Further studies on the ultrastructure of the cochlea

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-441
Author(s):  
Zhixian Wang ◽  
Pinjin Zhu ◽  
Jianhe Sun ◽  
Xuezheng Song
Keyword(s):  
Hair Cells ◽  
Military Medicine ◽  
Outer Hair Cells ◽  
Apical Surface ◽  
Epithelial Surface ◽  
Hearing Research ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Fine Structures ◽  
Temporal Bones ◽  
Accurate Observation

Hearing research is important not only for clinical, professional and military medicine, but also for toxicology, gerontology and genetics. Ultrastructure of the cochlea attracts much attention of electron microscopists, (1―3) but the research lags far behind that of the other parts of the organnism. On the basis of careful microdissection, technical improvment and accurate observation, we have got some new findings which have not been reported in the literature.We collected four cochleas from human corpses. Temporal bones dissected 1 h after death and cochleas perfused with fixatives 4 h after death were good enough in terms of preservation of fine structures. SEM:The apical surface of OHCs (Outer hair cells) and DTs (Deiters cells) is narrower than that of IPs (Inner pillar cells). The mosaic configuration of the reticular membrane is not typical. The stereocilia of IHCs (Inner hair cells) are not uniform and some kinocilia could be seen on the OHCs in adults. The epithelial surface of RM (Reissner’s membrane) is not smooth and no mesh could be seen on the mesothelial surface of RM. TEM.

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