Examination of the Effect of Generically Different Scale Inhibitor Species (PPCA and DETPMP) on the Adherence and Growth of Barium Sulphate Scale on Metal Surfaces

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.M. Graham ◽  
L.S. Boak ◽  
C.M. Hobden
Keyword(s):  
Metal Surfaces ◽  
Barium Sulphate ◽  
Scale Inhibitor

Pre-Production Deployed Scale Inhibition Treatments in Deep-Water, West Africa

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.. Patterson ◽  
W.. Williams ◽  
M.. Jordan ◽  
R.. Douglas
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Barium Sulphate ◽  
Scale Inhibitor ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Scale Inhibition ◽  
Production Wells ◽  
Scale Control

Abstract The injection of seawater into oil-bearing reservoirs in order to maintain reservoir pressure and improve secondary recovery is a well-established, mature operation. Moreover, the degree of risk posed by deposition of mineral scales (carbonate/sulphate) to the injection and production wells during such operations has been much studied. The current deep-water subsea developments offshore West Africa and Brazil have brought into sharp focus the need to manage scale in an effective way. In a deepwater West African field the relatively small number of high-cost, highly productive wells, coupled with a high barium sulphate scaling tendency upon breakthrough of injection seawater meant not only was effective scale management critical to achieve high hydrocarbon recovery, but even wells at low water cuts have proven to be at sufficient risk to require early squeeze application. To provide effective scale control in these wells at low water cuts, phosphonate-based inhibitors were applied as part of the acid perforation wash and overflush stages prior to frac packing operations. The deployment of this inhibitor proved effective in controlling barium sulphate scale formation during initial water production eliminating the need to scale squeeze the wells at low water cuts (<10% BS&W). To increase the volumes of scale inhibitor being deployed in the pre-production treatments and so extend the treatment lifetimes scale inhibitor was also added to the frac gel used to carry the frac sand. This paper outlines the selection methods for the inhibitor chemical for application in frac fluids in terms of rheology, retention/release, formation damage and presents the chemical returns profile from the 5 wells treated (some treatments lasting > 300 days) along with monitoring methods utilized to confirm scale control in the wells treated. Many similar fields are currently being developed in the Campos basin, Gulf of Mexico, and West Africa, and this paper is a good example of best-practice sharing from another oil basin.

Development of a Barium Sulphate Scale Inhibitor for Chalk Solid Loaded Conditions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Temple ◽  
Myles Jordan ◽  
Helen Williams ◽  
Sigrid Kjelstrup ◽  
Marija Kilibarda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Barium Sulphate ◽  
Scale Inhibitor

scholarly journals Evaluating the Effectiveness of Red Onion Skin Extract Derivatives as Oilfield Scale Inhibitors

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-45
Author(s):  
Dominica Una ◽  
Dulu Appah ◽  
Amieibibama Joseph ◽  
Onyewuchi Akaranta
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Calcium Sulphate ◽  
Barium Sulphate ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Skin Extract ◽  
Scale Inhibitor ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Study Laboratory

With growing awareness of the environmental impact of some conventional production chemicals and concerns about the depletion of non-renewable natural resources, increased efforts are being made to use renewable and non-toxic materials in the oilfield. In this study, a potential green scale inhibitor was developed from the skin of red onions and evaluated for calcium sulphate, calcium carbonate and barium scale inhibition. Based on the different extraction processes utilized, two products were obtained and characterized using FTIR and SEM and evaluated using a static jar test procedure. The FTIR results confirmed the bands that make up the major constituents (quercetin) and other important compounds, which supports the present study. Laboratory evaluation show that ROSE can efficiently inhibit calcium sulphate scale and barium sulphate scales with a good inhibition rate of greater than 75% at an optimum dosage. Effect of temperature and dosage on inhibition performance revealed that ROSE is stable at higher temperatures and can effectively inhibit calcium and barium sulphate scales at nearly the same rate without degradation but requires additional dosage to produce same result for calcium carbonate scale. Also, the effect of time reveals that scale inhibitor performs a continuous CaSO4 and CaCO3 inhibition. Not only does ROSE perform excellently in the laboratory condition as a green scale inhibitor, but it also show a relatively close performance rate when compared to an existing commercial inhibitor which indicate that ROSE has a high potential for use in the oil industry.

The Influence of Turbulence (or Hydrodynamic Effects) on Strontium Sulphate Scale Formation and Inhibitor Performance

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Johnston ◽  
Louise Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Barium Sulphate ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Scale Formation ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Scale Inhibitor ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Bottle Test ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Inorganic scale (carbonate, sulphate and sulphides) formation can be predicted from thermodynamic models and over recent years better kinetic data has improved the prediction of such scales in field conditions. However these models have not been able to predict the observed deposition where flow disturbances occur, such as at chokes, tubing joints, gas lift valves and safety valves. This can lead to unexpected failures of critical equipment such as downhole safety valves (DHSV’s), and operational issues such as failure to access the well for coiled tubing operations due to tubing restrictions. In recent years it has been recognised that the turbulence found at these locations increases the likelihood of scale formation and experiments have been able to demonstrate that increased turbulence also impacts the minimum scale inhibitor concentration required to prevent scale. One of the industry standard test methods used to screen inhibitors for sulphate scale inhibition is the static bottle test. In this paper the ‘static’ bottle test method is modified to investigate the effects of increasing levels of turbulence on the formation of strontium sulphate scale at a fixed brine composition. Using this modified method it has been possible to demonstrate the impact of varying turbulence on the performance of two common generic types of scale inhibitor (phosphonate and vinyl sulphonate co-polymer). Data on the mass of scale formed, scale morphology using SEM imaging and inhibitor efficiency will be linked to degree of turbulence and scale inhibitor functionality (nucleation inhibition vs. crystal growth retardation). This study builds on the previously published10 findings for barium sulphate which showed phosphonates were less affected by turbulent conditions by carrying out similar tests on strontium sulphate. A clear mechanistic conclusion can now be drawn for sulphate scale formation and inhibition under increasingly turbulent conditions. The findings from this study have a significant impact on the methods of screening scale inhibitors for field application that should be utilised and development of suitable inhibitors that perform better under higher shear conditions.

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