Iron Sulfide Scale Deposit Formation and Prevention under Anaerobic Conditions Typically Found in the Oil Field

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Przybylinski
Keyword(s):  
Iron Sulfide ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Deposit Formation ◽  
Scale Deposit

scholarly journals AN APPROACH TO ESTIMATING THE RATE OF ORGANIC DEPOSIT FORMATION IN A HOLLOW ROD STRING AND SELECTION OF METHODS FOR DEPOSIT PREVENTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (37) ◽  
pp. 164-178
Author(s):  
Sergey Nikolaevich KRIVOSHCHEKOV ◽  
Kirill Andreevich VYATKIN ◽  
Aleksandr Aleksandrovich KOCHNEV ◽  
Anton Vadimovich KOZLOV
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Deposit Formation ◽  
Suggested Algorithm ◽  
Pumping Equipment ◽  
Organic Deposits ◽  
Organic Deposit

Background. There is currently a lack of a methodology that can enable highly-precise determinations of rates of asphaltene deposit (AD) formations in case of dual operation of two oil reservoirs via a single multi-zone oil-producing well using small-bore hollow rods as part of downhole pumping equipment. This methodology aims to minimize the costs of oil and gas companies for servicing such oil wells and preventing their failure. Aims. Creating a methodology aimed at accurate quantitative estimations of the organic deposit formation rates at the inner part of the hollow rod strings. Methods. Calculations of temperature distributions along the hollow rod string inner surface; graphic presentations of the calculated data; laboratory tests using a Cold Finger unit for the selected sections of the hollow rod strings and the graphic presentations of the results. Results and Discussion. The suggested algorithm was field-tested at a target multi-zone oil-producing well of Pavlovka oil field in Perm Krai of the Russian Federation. Using the suggested algorithm, a variation in organic deposit formation rates along the hollow rod string length was evaluated, and the depth of the maximum deposit formation rate was determined. To prevent the deposits in question along the hollow rod string at a target oil-producing well of Pavlovka oil field, laboratory tests were conducted to determine the efficiency of employing the chemical technology, i.e., the use of AD inhibitors, as well as a technology for the removal of the formed deposits using AD solvents. Conclusions. The proposed algorithm is more accurate and requires less time and money compared to existing algorithms. It enables the most effective evaluation of the formation depth of the organic deposits and the intensity at these marks. When evaluating the laboratory studies results, it can be noted that the use of the considered technologies to eliminate organic deposits is highly effective and can be used for this purpose.

Corrosion products associated with attached bacteria at an oil field water injection plant

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1320-1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. G. Ferris ◽  
T. R. Jack ◽  
B. J. Bramhill
Keyword(s):  
Iron Sulfide ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Iron Sulfides ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Corrosion Deposits ◽  
Corrosion Deposit ◽  
Oil Field Water

Attached populations of corrosion enhancing sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and organic acid-producing bacteria (APB) were measured on steel plugs at an oil field water injection plant near Wainwright, Alberta. The sample plugs were colonized to ca. 106 SRB/cm2. Counts for APB ranged from 102 to 10/cm2. Scanning electron microscopic examination of the sample plugs revealed an uneven distribution of surface corrosion deposits. A thin iron sulfide layer covered most of the exposed areas. Thicker sulfur-enriched deposits occurred randomly. The bulk of the thicker deposits were smooth, whereas peripheral regions exhibited a porous texture. The elemental composition of the different regions was the same; however, bacterial cells were concentrated in the porous areas and were not found in the thinner deposits. In transmission electron microscopic thin sections cut perpendicularly through corrosion deposits, bacterial cells were found mineralized in successive stages by iron sulfides. The corrosion deposit matrix also generated strong Cl peaks in energy dispersive X-ray spectra. This entrainment of bacterial cells within a corrosion deposit matrix is consistent with the concept of bacterial enhancement of corrosion by removal of reducing power from iron sulfides galvanically coupled to the steel surface. Key words: microbial corrosion, iron sulfide, cathodic hydrogen, electron microscopy.

Transformation of iron sulfide to greigite by nitrite produced by oil field bacteria

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiping Lin ◽  
Federico Krause ◽  
Gerrit Voordouw
Keyword(s):  
Iron Sulfide ◽  
Oil Field

The importance of NO2 in Bench Tests for Precombustion Deposits in the Spark Ignition Engine Intake System

1993 ◽  
Vol 207 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-228
Author(s):  
T L Chou ◽  
G H Priestman
Keyword(s):  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Deposit Formation ◽  
Lubricant Composition ◽  
Scale Deposit ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Deposit Film ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Test Fuel

Most previous laboratory-scale deposit simulator studies have considered mainly fuel or lubricant composition and properties, with no consideration of possible effects of NOx, which may affect initiation of the deposit formation process and the overall rate at which deposition occurs. In this study a laboratory-scale deposit simulator was developed which produced thin deposit films by spraying gasoline on to a heated aluminium sleeve to investigate the effects of temperature, NO2 and possible gasoline blending components, on deposit formation. The amount of deposit collected is indicative of the deposit-forming tendency of the test fuel. The deposit film composition was analysed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results of the experiments indicate that deposit formation is indeed sensitive to NO2, in addition to the effects of temperature and the molecular structure of the hydrocarbons. Thus the effect of NOx in deposit-related studies is important and should not be ignored. The FTIR analyses showed that when using NO2 the deposits are of a very similar structure to those produced in a real engine test. The analyses also gave some insight into the role of NO2 in the deposit formation mechanism.

Iron sulfide minerals at Cement oil field, Oklahoma: Implications for magnetic detection of oil fields

1990 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD L. REYNOLDS ◽  
NEIL S. FISHMAN ◽  
RICHARD B. WANTY ◽  
MARTIN B. GOLDHABER
Keyword(s):  
Iron Sulfide ◽  
Sulfide Minerals ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
Iron Sulfide Minerals ◽  
Magnetic Detection

Increasing ESP Lifetime by Employing Novel Non-Corrosive Acid System for Scales Removal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hany Gamal ◽  
Saad Al-Afnan ◽  
Salaheldin Elkatatny ◽  
Mohamed Bahgat
Keyword(s):  
Barium Sulfate ◽  
Iron Sulfide ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Pump Failure ◽  
X Ray

Abstract The scales precipitated on the electric submersible pump (ESP) will lead to trapped heat, lower the motor's cooling capacity, decrease the pump lifetime, and finally pump failure. Removal of oil field scales commonly requires low pH acid that can cause corrosion, hydrogen sulfide evolution, ferric and ferrous hydroxide precipitation, iron sulfide as a by-product, and/or sulfur precipitation. Scales typically occur in the near wellbore, tubing, downhole pumps, and surface equipment. A mineral deposition is widespread with a change in pressure, temperature, pH, and incompatible mixing between injected seawater and formation water. This paper presents a new scale dissolver that is non-corrosive and has a high scale dissolution performance for barium sulfate scales. The study explains a series of comprehensive experimental lab tests such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), brine compositional analysis, fluid compatibility and stability, solubility test, precipitation tendency for the dissolved solids, and corrosion test to evaluate and simulate the field application of the new dissolver using two field scale types that mainly contain barium sulfate (BaSo4) scales. The obtained successful results indicated that the novel dissolver had a great dissolution efficiency for two real barium scale samples as the results showed that the dissolution rate recorded 91.3 and 78.4 % at 90 °C for samples 1 and 2 respectively. The novel dissolver showed a very low precipitation tendency for the scale dissolved solids (1.9 and 3.2 % for samples 1 and 2 respectively). Without any additives of corrosion inhibitors, the corrosion rate was 0.00376 lb/ft2 at 1000 psi and 50 °C for 6 hours. The obtained successful results will help to dissolve the barium sulfate scales, maintain the ESP performance, increase the lifetime, and save extra cost for the pump operational problems due to scale precipitations.

Point and planar defects in the iron sulfide compounds Fe1-xS

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 434-435
Author(s):  
Thao A. Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Iron Sulfide ◽  
Planar Defects ◽  
Selective Area ◽  
Vacancy Ordering ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Lattice Images ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Beam Lattice

It is well known that the large deviations from stoichiometry in iron sulfide compounds, Fe1-xS (0≤x≤0.125), are accommodated by iron vacancies which order and form superstructures at low temperatures. Although the ordering of the iron vacancies has been well established, the modes of vacancy ordering, hence superstructures, as a function of composition and temperature are still the subject of much controversy. This investigation gives direct evidence from many-beam lattice images of Fe1-xS that the 4C superstructure transforms into the 3C superstructure (Fig. 1) rather than the MC phase as previously suggested. Also observed are an intrinsic stacking fault in the sulfur sublattice and two different types of vacancy-ordering antiphase boundaries. Evidence from selective area optical diffractograms suggests that these planar defects complicate the diffraction pattern greatly.

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