A Field Case History: Chemical Treatment of a Produced-Water Injection System Using Anthraquinone Improves Water Quality and Reduces Costs

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.D. Law ◽  
M.B. Kretsinger ◽  
E.D. Burger ◽  
J.G. Schoenenberger ◽  
M.A. Ulman
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Case History ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Field Case

Sulfide Scale Control in Produced Water Handling and Injection Systems: Best Practices and Global Experience Overview

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan J. Wylde
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Case History ◽  
Iron Sulfide ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Scale Formation ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Flow Assurance ◽  
Water Handling

AbstractIron sulfide scale is found almost ubiquitously in maturing oilfield produced water handling and injection systems. Keeping injection systems clean of sulfide scale is becoming more of a shared challenge, but there are few examples where true root cause analysis has led to specific laboratory testing and development of bespoke removal and prevention methods. This paper aims to link these aspects by sharing the best practices from around the world with cutting edge techniques and chemistries used to maintain flow assurance and injectivity in produced water handling systems affected by iron sulfide scale.Discussion includes root causes analysis of iron sulfide scale formation and deposition mechanisms focusing on the interplay of pH, along with sources of iron and sulfide. The paper goes onto discuss laboratory and field evaluation of control methods. Finally, the root causes of iron sulfide scale formation and deposition mechanism, including the relative advantages and merits of the different techniques, including: Chelating agents (for iron sequestration)Surfactants (for water wetting)Biocide (to target SRB and biofilm)Corrosion inhibitor (to lower iron in system)Sulfide scale inhibitors (threshold inhibition of scale)Additionally, case histories are used to elaborate the theoretical discussion. The first case history is from an offshore oilfield water injection system, where fouling occurred due to changes in the flow assurance strategy further upstream and capture the lessons learned on the interplay of different production chemicals. The second case history concerns an onshore oilfield with a vast water injection system of over 3,000 wells supporting approximately 5,000 production wells.The paper concludes with a summary of the decades of experience of solving the most challenging sulfide scaling scenarios, as well as cutting-edge research on a new class of polymeric exotic sulfide scale inhibitor dispersant, effective as threshold concentrations against even lead and zinc sulfide.

A CASE HISTORY: CLEANUP OF A SUBSURFACE LEAK OF REFINED PRODUCT

1983 ◽  
Vol 1983 (1) ◽  
pp. 397-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward M. Minugh ◽  
Jeffrey J. Patry ◽  
Dorothy A. Keech ◽  
William R. Leek
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Case History ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Thick Layer ◽  
High Water ◽  
Stream Channels ◽  
Microbial Biodegradation

ABSTRACT In October 1980, gasoline vapors were detected in two restaurants about 500 feet downgradient from the site of a bulk plant that handles refined products. A geohydrological investigation identified a plume of gasoline and diesel fuel floating on the water table from the bulk plant to the restaurant locations. The water table was encountered at a depth of 10 feet in alluvium composed of coarse gravels and cobbles. Pump tests of observation wells revealed the presence of buried, high permeability stream channels bordered by low permeability silty sediments. At low water level, a two-foot-thick layer of contaminated soil was observed above the product plume. Free product was removed by recovery wells downgradient of the bulk plant and each of the restaurants using a two-pump method. Produced water was reinjected upgradient into wells around the restaurants and via a trench at the bulk plant. Subsurface microbial biodegradation of residual hydrocarbons was stimulated by providing nutrients and diffused air at the water injection points. Biodegradation continued throughout a period of rising water table, reaching a high water depth above the contaminated soil layer. Accumulating fumes were removed from beneath one of the restaurants by means of a subsurface venting system constructed to maintain lateral air flow under the building. This paper relates the case history of discovery, investigation, and response to a groundwater contamination problem. The unique methods successfully used to cleanup a subsurface leak of refined product are described.

Field Experiences Detailing Acrolein (2-propenal) Treatment of a Produced Water Injection System in the Sultanate of Oman

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darin D. Horaska ◽  
Joseph E. Penkala ◽  
Curtis A. Reed ◽  
Melissa D. Law ◽  
Simon Gaffney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Produced Water ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Field Experiences ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Sultanate Of Oman

Waterflooding Conformance and Water Quality: Flow Partitioning During Produced Water Injection

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed S. Abou-Sayed ◽  
Manoj Dnyandeo Sarfare ◽  
Karim S. Zaki
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Water Injection

Produced Water Debottlenecking Delivers Low Cost Incremental Production for the Pyrenees FPSO

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Elliott ◽  
Melissa Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Produced Water ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Value Drivers ◽  
Risk Approach ◽  
Oil Tanks

Abstract The Pyrenees FPSO development, located offshore Western Australia, produced first oil in 2010. By 2017, the topsides facility had became constrained by produced water production, reaching the facility design capacity of 110,000 bbl/d. A strong business driver was presented to debottleneck the water processing train to increase oil production, for which a holistic, system-wide approach was required. A series of brownfield debottlenecking scopes were identified and assessed using a systematic value versus risk approach. The key value drivers were recognised as incremental oil production, execution timing and cost. The assessment focused on improving Produced Water Re-Injection (PWRI) pump throughput and uptime, optimising the produced water treatment and overboard discharge systems, and the use of cargo oil tanks for separation. Project execution was phased to allow early debottlenecking gains to be unlocked as major modification scopes were progressed. The most capital intensive project executed was the installation of a side-stream Compact Flotation Unit package to polish and discharge produced water overboard. In combination, the projects delivered a 36% increase in produced water handling capacity to 150,000 bbl/d, accelerating 8.5% production over a 3-year period. In addition, the projects increased facility uptime by 1.8% and reduced the risk of late-life produced water injection system failures. This case study illustrates a logical and systematic approach to production debottlenecking, resulting in a significant production uplift, safely delivered for low relative CAPEX investment. The processes described and lessons learned in this project may be applicable to other maturing fields and facilities, and can be used to assist resolving late-life produced water challenges.

Produced Water Disposal in Deep Aquifers: Case History Review of Ughelli East-30 Pilot Injector

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osode Peter ◽  
Oluwatoyin Olusegun ◽  
Temitayo Ologun ◽  
Obinna Anyanwu
Keyword(s):  
Produced Water ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Well Completion ◽  
Deep Aquifers ◽  
Water Composition ◽  
Sand Control ◽  
Well Injectivity ◽  
Sandstone Formation

Abstract A water injector pilot well - Ughelli East-30, was drilled across high-permeability unconsolidated sandstone aquifers to dispose 30 Mbwpd of produced water in November 1998 and suspended in December 1998 due to lack of injectivity. Review of the failed pilot injection was performed as part of an extensive water management study for a cluster of onshore fields located in the western Niger Delta area. The technical investigation focused on the target disposal aquifer petrophysical parameters, produced water composition analysis, well completion design and injection performance result. Potential impairment mechanisms and failure risk factors for injectors with similar cased-hole, perforated completion design in analogue reservoirs were also investigated. The poor well injectivity performance was attributed to sub-optimal sand control completion design and the ‘water hammer’ effect which resulted in massive sand fill as evidenced by a sand bailing exercise during November 1999 riglessre-entry in the well. The 17-ft rat hole below the bottom aquifer sand perforations was also deemed to be inadequate for the sand fill which apparently bridged the perforations. Optimal completion requirements to prevent water injection failure in unconsolidated sandstone formation has been brought to the fore in this paper which is expected to steer engineers focus to those factors with high impact on water injection system performance.

Produced Water Management Strategy and Water Injection Best Practices: Design, Performance, and Monitoring

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (01) ◽  
pp. 59-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed S. Abou-Sayed ◽  
Karim S. Zaki ◽  
Gary Wang ◽  
Manoj Dnyandeo Sarfare ◽  
Martin H. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Design Performance ◽  
Water Management Strategy
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