Real-Time Pore and Fracture Pressure Prediction With FEWD in the Nile Delta

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Mazzoni ◽  
T. Wahdan ◽  
A. Bassem ◽  
C.D. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Nile Delta ◽  
Fracture Pressure

Overcoming Hole Instability in Highly Deviated Wells in the Kafr El Sheikh Shale, Offshore Mediterranean, Egypt

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasser Kholaif ◽  
Mahmoud Elmaghraby ◽  
Annick Nago ◽  
Jean-Michel Embry ◽  
Pramit Basu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Lower Bound ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Pore Pressure ◽  
Nile Delta ◽  
Stress Sensitivity ◽  
Rock Properties ◽  
Well Drilling ◽  
Geomechanical Monitoring ◽  
Deviated Wells

Abstract Drilling challenges in offshore Nile Delta have been largely documented in the literature. Operators are often confronted with drilling problems related to shale swelling, cavings, tight holes in combination with increased risks of lost circulation in some of the highly depleted formations. The Kafr El Sheikh shale in particular, has been linked to many instances of wellbore instability, due to its mineralogical composition (estimated to be mostly smectite, >70%). From offset well drilling experience, it could also be noticed that insufficient mud weight was often used to drill through the Kafr El Sheikh Shale, causing wellbore failure in shear due to lack of support of the wellbore wall. In the past, multiple mud weight designs have been implemented relying solely on pore pressure as lower bound of the mud window. With the increased use of geomechanics, it has been demonstrated that the lower bound should be taken as the maximum of the pore pressure and borehole collapse pressure, thus accounting for the effects of formation pressure, horizontal and vertical stresses, rock properties as well as wellbore trajectory. It has been proven that slight overpressure is often encountered halfway through the Kafr El Sheikh formation, which would typically result in slightly higher borehole collapse pressures. In the study fields, the operator expressed interest in drilling highly deviated wells (> 60-70 degrees). This raised concerns for increased drilling challenges, especially in the Kafr El Sheikh. A comprehensive and systematic risk assessment, design of a fit-for-purpose solution and its implementation during drilling took place in the fields of interest. Offset well data analytics from the subject fields supported a holistic evaluation of drilling risks associated with the Kafr El Sheikh, providing good understanding of stress sensitivity on deviation, azimuth and lithology. Upon building a robust geomechanical model, calibrated against offset well drilling experience, pre-drill mud weight and drilling practices recommendations were provided to optimize the drilling program. Near real-time geomechanical monitoring was implemented which helped to manage the model uncertainties. The implementation of a holistic risk assessment, including geomechanical recommendations and near real-time geomechanical monitoring, was effective to lead the drilling campaign successfully. As a result, three high angle wells (> 60-70 degrees) were drilled through the challenging Kafr El Sheikh formation without any hole instability. An integrated risk assessment of hole instability, managed in stages (pre-drill and during drilling), has helped to understand and simulate the behaviors of the formation. Proactive decisions have established a controlled drilling environment for successful operations.

Fracture Pressure Prediction Using Surface Drilling Parameters by Artificial Intelligence Techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulmalek Ahmed ◽  
Salaheldin Elkatatny ◽  
Abdulwahab Ali
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Optimal Model ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Fracture Pressure ◽  
Drilling Parameters ◽  
Drilling Operations

Abstract Several correlations are available to determine the fracture pressure, a vital property of a well, which is essential in the design of the drilling operations and preventing problems. Some of these correlations are based on the rock and formation characteristics, and others are based on log data. In this study, five artificial intelligence (AI) techniques predicting fracture pressure were developed and compared with the existing empirical correlations to select the optimal model. Real-time data of surface drilling parameters from one well were obtained using real-time drilling sensors. The five employed methods of AI are functional networks (FN), artificial neural networks (ANN), support vector machine (SVM), radial basis function (RBF), and fuzzy logic (FL). More than 3990 datasets were used to build the five AI models by dividing the data into training and testing sets. A comparison between the results of the five AI techniques and the empirical fracture correlations, such as the Eaton model, Matthews and Kelly model, and Pennebaker model, was also performed. The results reveal that AI techniques outperform the three fracture pressure correlations based on their high accuracy, represented by the low average absolute percentage error (AAPE) and a high coefficient of determination (R2). Compared with empirical models, the AI techniques have the advantage of requiring less data, only surface drilling parameters, which can be conveniently obtained from any well. Additionally, a new fracture pressure correlation was developed based on ANN, which predicts the fracture pressure with high precision (R2 = 0.99 and AAPE = 0.094%).

scholarly journals Use of serology and real time PCR to control an outbreak of bovine brucellosis at a dairy cattle farm in the Nile Delta region, Egypt

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayada Gwida ◽  
Maged El-Ashker ◽  
Falk Melzer ◽  
Mohamed El-Diasty ◽  
Mohamed El-Beskawy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Nile Delta ◽  
Bovine Brucellosis ◽  
Delta Region ◽  
Cattle Farm

Optimization of HPHT Stimulation Treatments in Offshore Multistage Completions, Krishna Godavari Basin, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Alcantar ◽  
Akash Damani ◽  
Wadood El-Rabaa ◽  
Kishore Kumar Medavarapu ◽  
Govindraj P
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Treatment Optimization ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Fracture Pressure ◽  
Well Design ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Real Time Data ◽  
Treatment Design

Abstract This paper presents an analysis of the stimulation treatment design and the optimization of the stimulation treatments in the challenging ultra-HPHT environment (400°F and 15000psi) of the Krishna-Godavari (KG) basin, East Coast, India. In greater detail, the paper focuses on how the perforation placement and the stimulation treatment design have been optimized for each zone of a multi-zone treatment program in a deviated well to address the specific challenges (geological, completion, operational and logistical) associated with the environment. An in-depth analysis was performed on the stimulation design prior to mobilization of stimulation equipment and crew. The treatments were designed by utilizing as inputs tailored petrophysical and geomechanical models, well design data, stimulation material properties and equipment capacities, and analysis of prior stimulation experience in this area. Extensive sensitivity analysis was carried out to come up with the optimum perforation depths and stimulation treatment. Subsequently, when on location, the treatment design was fine-tuned using real-time data to optimally place the fracture. The overall goal was to determine the best stimulation treatment for the offshore well without inducing negatively impacting either the reservoir production or ultimate recovery. From adherence to fundamentals of well and frac design to completion optimization, major efforts were made in the treatment optimization for each zone based on the challenges associated with the KG basin. These challenges, in no particular order, include high temperature and high pressure, proximity to water zones and the necessity to isolate treatment stages using unconventional methods, presence of high fluid loss zones, and logistical/space constraints inherent from the offshore location. Stimulation treatments implemented in this field in the past were analyzed to better understand the pros and cons of the various stimulation techniques and practices that were employed. A key learning from this exercise was that the stimulation fluid selection is of utmost importance. With a BHST of 400°F, stimulation fluids that can provide adequate stability under these conditions are limited. This led to an increased focus on the engineering design of stimulation treatments in the pre-planning phase, which was then optimized as real-time data was acquired. Wellbore re-entry issues led to further re-evaluation and redesign of the perforation strategy. Improvements in treatment sizing were made during the stimulation as water zones needed to be avoided or stress conditions needed to be corrected from early design conditions assumed. Furthermore, upon completion of each stimulation stage, proper and unconventional isolation methods were needed from earlier stimulation due to tubular limitations. Post-frac evaluation using hydraulic fracture pressure match indicated that 3 out of the 5 zones were stimulated with highly conductive and long fractures, while minimal size treatments were placed in 2 troublesome zones. Also, treating a high-risk water zone was avoided. In conclusion, the authors believe that the stimulation program was optimally designed and conducted in an area with limited success in years past by using sound engineering in all the phases of the design and implementation.

Some Recent Results in Quiescent Prominence Spectrometry

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Donald A. Landman
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Computer System ◽  
Spectral Response ◽  
Absolute Intensity ◽  
Solar Observatory ◽  
Target Size ◽  
Small Target ◽  
Signal Averaging ◽  
Quiescent Prominence

This paper describes some recent results of our quiescent prominence spectrometry program at the Mees Solar Observatory on Haleakala. The observations were made with the 25 cm coronagraph/coudé spectrograph system using a silicon vidicon detector. This detector consists of 500 contiguous channels covering approximately 6 or 80 Å, depending on the grating used. The instrument is interfaced to the Observatory’s PDP 11/45 computer system, and has the important advantages of wide spectral response, linearity and signal-averaging with real-time display. Its principal drawback is the relatively small target size. For the present work, the aperture was about 3″ × 5″. Absolute intensity calibrations were made by measuring quiet regions near sun center.

Video real-time imaging of artificial membranes during freeze-drying by cryo-electron microscopy

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 16-17
Author(s):  
Alan S. Rudolph ◽  
Ronald R. Price
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Video Capture ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Artificial Membranes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cryo Electron Microscopy ◽  
Spherical Structures ◽  
Capture Techniques

We have employed cryoelectron microscopy to visualize events that occur during the freeze-drying of artificial membranes by employing real time video capture techniques. Artificial membranes or liposomes which are spherical structures within internal aqueous space are stabilized by water which provides the driving force for spontaneous self-assembly of these structures. Previous assays of damage to these structures which are induced by freeze drying reveal that the two principal deleterious events that occur are 1) fusion of liposomes and 2) leakage of contents trapped within the liposome [1]. In the past the only way to access these events was to examine the liposomes following the dehydration event. This technique allows the event to be monitored in real time as the liposomes destabilize and as water is sublimed at cryo temperatures in the vacuum of the microscope. The method by which liposomes are compromised by freeze-drying are largely unknown. This technique has shown that cryo-protectants such as glycerol and carbohydrates are able to maintain liposomal structure throughout the drying process.

An Interactive Minicomputer Program for the Indexing and Simulation of Electron Diffraction Patterns

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 542-543
Author(s):  
R.P. Goehner ◽  
W.T. Hatfield ◽  
Prakash Rao
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Flow Diagram ◽  
Hard Copy ◽  
Time Analysis ◽  
Real Time Analysis ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
One Step ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

Computer programs are now available in various laboratories for the indexing and simulation of transmission electron diffraction patterns. Although these programs address themselves to the solution of various aspects of the indexing and simulation process, the ultimate goal is to perform real time diffraction pattern analysis directly off of the imaging screen of the transmission electron microscope. The program to be described in this paper represents one step prior to real time analysis. It involves the combination of two programs, described in an earlier paper(l), into a single program for use on an interactive basis with a minicomputer. In our case, the minicomputer is an INTERDATA 70 equipped with a Tektronix 4010-1 graphical display terminal and hard copy unit.A simplified flow diagram of the combined program, written in Fortran IV, is shown in Figure 1. It consists of two programs INDEX and TEDP which index and simulate electron diffraction patterns respectively. The user has the option of choosing either the indexing or simulating aspects of the combined program.

Microstructural investigation of surface roughness in MBE-grown AlAs

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
R. Rajesh ◽  
R. Droopad ◽  
C. H. Kuo ◽  
R. W. Carpenter ◽  
G. N. Maracas
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Native Oxide ◽  
Effusion Cell ◽  
Surface Oxide Layer ◽  
Microstructural Investigation ◽  
Mbe Growth ◽  
Film Substrate ◽  
And Control

Knowledge of material pseudodielectric functions at MBE growth temperatures is essential for achieving in-situ, real time growth control. This allows us to accurately monitor and control thicknesses of the layers during growth. Undesired effusion cell temperature fluctuations during growth can thus be compensated for in real-time by spectroscopic ellipsometry. The accuracy in determining pseudodielectric functions is increased if one does not require applying a structure model to correct for the presence of an unknown surface layer such as a native oxide. Performing these measurements in an MBE reactor on as-grown material gives us this advantage. Thus, a simple three phase model (vacuum/thin film/substrate) can be used to obtain thin film data without uncertainties arising from a surface oxide layer of unknown composition and temperature dependence.In this study, we obtain the pseudodielectric functions of MBE-grown AlAs from growth temperature (650°C) to room temperature (30°C). The profile of the wavelength-dependent function from the ellipsometry data indicated a rough surface after growth of 0.5 μm of AlAs at a substrate temperature of 600°C, which is typical for MBE-growth of GaAs.

Real-time observation of vortex lattices in a superconductor

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 1050-1051
Author(s):  
K. Harada ◽  
T. Matsuda ◽  
J.E. Bonevich ◽  
M. Igarashi ◽  
S. Kondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Flux Line ◽  
Electron Holography ◽  
Lorentz Microscopy ◽  
Vortex Lattices ◽  
Flux Lines ◽  
Magnetic Flux Lines ◽  
Time Observation ◽  
Thin Superconductor ◽  
Real Time Observation

Previous observations of magnetic flux-lines (vortex lattices) in superconductors, such as the field distribution of a flux-line, and flux-line dynamics activated by heat and current, have employed the high spatial resolution and magnetic sensitivity of electron holography. And recently, the 2-D static distribution of vortices was also observed by this technique. However, real-time observations of the vortex lattice, in spite of scientific and technological interest, have not been possible due to experimental difficulties. Here, we report the real-time observation of vortex lattices in a thin superconductor, by means of Lorentz microscopy using a 300 kV field emission electron microscope. This technique allows us to observe the dynamic motion of individual vortices and record the events on a VTR system.The experimental arrangement is shown in Fig. 1. A Nb thin film for transmission observation was prepared by chemical etching. The grain size of the film was increased by annealing, and single crystals were observed with a thickness of 50∼90 nm.

Live Confocal Analysis of Fertilization and Early Development

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1012-1013
Author(s):  
Uyen Tram ◽  
William Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Fluorescent Probes ◽  
Primary Defect ◽  
Fluorescent Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Event ◽  
Enormous Amount ◽  
Fluorescent Studies

Embryonic development is a dynamic event and is best studied in live animals in real time. Much of our knowledge of the early events of embryogenesis, however, comes from immunofluourescent analysis of fixed embryos. While these studies provide an enormous amount of information about the organization of different structures during development, they can give only a static glimpse of a very dynamic event. More recently real-time fluorescent studies of living embryos have become much more routine and have given new insights to how different structures and organelles (chromosomes, centrosomes, cytoskeleton, etc.) are coordinately regulated. This is in large part due to the development of commercially available fluorescent probes, GFP technology, and newly developed sensitive fluorescent microscopes. For example, live confocal fluorescent analysis proved essential in determining the primary defect in mutations that disrupt early nuclear divisions in Drosophila melanogaster. For organisms in which GPF transgenics is not available, fluorescent probes that label DNA, microtubules, and actin are available for microinjection.

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