Impact of Conventional Practices on Economic Efficiency as Illustrated by the Construction of Horizontal Sections of Multilateral ERD Wells and Fishbone Wells in Western Siberia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxim Pavlovich Frolov ◽  
Dmitry Nikolaevich Voitenko ◽  
Alexander Olegovich Proshin ◽  
Anastasiya Andreevna Ivanova ◽  
Vitaly Igorevich Shepelev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Collaborative Work ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Fluid Composition ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Horizontal Section ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Drilling Conditions

Abstract This paper is a detailed description of the first experience of an ERD wells horizontal section using ultra-low-viscosity drilling fluid as a drilling fluid implemented in the Russia land. This work has great value as an experience that allows to reevaluate the traditional views on the sole influence of drilling fluid parameters on the process of drilling wells. The thesis considers the key aspects and practices of improving the technical and economy values of drilling the multilateral ERD wells and FishBone wells in Western Siberia by applying an integrated approach based on three key factors: understanding the features of the rheology of drilling fluids; thorough analysis of the results of modeling wellbore washing and cleaning and comparing the calculated values with the actual values of the determined technological parameters in order to predict and control ECD; the collaborative work of the customer and the contractor, so-called "active supervising" methodology, aimed on making timely decisions for adjusting of the target requirements during the wells construction, "in situ" method, in order to achieve the made goals. The main conclusions have been made during the work: Effective and sufficient cleaning of annular space can be achieved with minimum values of drilling fluid rheology characteristics. Cuttings and marble bridging agent participate in the filter cake creation. The absence of marble bridging agent particles in the mud composition cannot be a reason of complications (absorption, sticking) when drilling low-permeability reservoirs. The concentration of the marble bridging agent should be determined, taking into account several factors: solids control equipment efficiency, formation permeability, density and drilling fluid composition. the recommended values for the parameters such as lubricant concentration and MBT, must be selected, firstly, based on comprehensive understanding of the idea of each parameter, and secondly, adequately assessing their significance under specific drilling conditions. Competent active supervising of drilling fluid has huge impact on the economy efficiency of well construction, whereas this approach can be beneficial for both the customer and the drilling fluid contractor. The implemented on the project approach allowed to save up to 60% for the cost of 1m3 of drilling fluid for horizontal section, as well as to reduce the time spent on the wells construction. The main result of the work: two multilateral wells were successfully drilled with the DDI of 7.2 and 6.55 and high risks of lost circulation. Wells construction was completed by running the liner to the target bottom without any signs of landings. However, the most important achievement is the emerging prospect of replicating the proposed approach to drilling ERD wells for deeper deposits development, that allows us to expect comparable technical and economy effects considering drilling conditions.

scholarly journals Application of Thermal Resistant Gemini Surfactants in Highly Thixotropic Water-in-oil Drilling Fluid System

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1435-1441
Author(s):  
Yonggui Liu ◽  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Jing Yan ◽  
Tao Song ◽  
Yongjun Xu
Keyword(s):  
Gemini Surfactants ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Excellent Thermal Stability ◽  
Oil Drilling ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Emulsion Drops ◽  
Oil Emulsions ◽  
Building Capability ◽  
Liquid Precipitation

AbstractTraditional water-in-oil drilling fluids are limited by their shear thinning behavior. In this article, we propose the synthesis of a thermal resistant quaternary ammonium salt gemini surfactant DQGE-I. This surfactant was synthesized using monomers such as N,N-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine, organic acids and epichlorohydrin, as well as blocking groups such as N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP). The prepared surfactant exhibited various advantages over traditional surfactants, including excellent thermal stability, good emulsifying and wetting capability. The use of these surfactants was shown to improve the compactness of emulsifier molecules at the oil/water interface, as well as the overall emulsificaiton effect. Laboratory studies revealed that water-in-oil emulsions prepared using DQGE-I showed high emulsion breaking voltage, low liquid precipitation and small and uniformly distributed emulsion drops. Highly thixotropic water-in-oil drilling fluids based on DQGE-I showed low viscosity, high shear rate and thermal tolerance up to 260oC. Additionally, the proposed fluid was applied in 16 wells (including WS1-H2, GS3 and XS1-H8) in the Daqing Oilfield. Testing showed that DQGE-1 exhibited excellent rheological behavior and wall-building capability. The emulsion breaking voltage exceeded 1500 V, and the yield point/ plastic viscosity ratio exceeded 0.4. The use of this surfactant can help to solve problems such as high formation temperature and poor well wall stability.

Effect of Buoyancy and Inertia on Viscoplastic Fluid: Fluid Displacement in an Inclined Eccentric Annulus With an Irregular Section

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steinar Kragset ◽  
Hans Joakim Skadsem
Keyword(s):  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Density Difference ◽  
Regular Part ◽  
Viscoplastic Fluid ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Displacement Efficiency ◽  
Cement Slurry ◽  
Horizontal Section ◽  
Primary Cementing

Primary cementing is an important well construction process that should establish well control barriers and zonal isolation. Critical for primary cementing is the successful displacement of drilling fluid from the annulus between casing and formation by a sequence of spacer fluids and cement slurry. Failure to displace the drilling fluid may compromise the annular cement integrity and result in contaminated cement with degraded mechanical properties. Issues such as eccentricity, washouts and other geometric irregularities in the wellbore can complicate the displacement processes, and their effect on the quality of the cementing job and the final result is linked to uncertainty. We present numerical simulations of the displacement process between two viscoplastic fluids in the vicinity of a symmetric local hole enlargement. The study is limited to laminar flow regimes in the regular part of the annulus, and we focus on a near-horizontal section with significant eccentricity and small annular clearance. We vary the volumetric flow rate and the mass density difference between the fluids, and study how the irregularity affects the displacement efficiency and the presence of residual fluid in and after the irregularity. In the regular part of the geometry, eccentricity favors flow in the wider, upper part of the annulus, while density difference leads to azimuthal flow from the top to the low side of the annulus. The results support the assumption that increasing the mass density difference improves the displacement efficiency. In the laminar regime, lower flow rates can be favorable over higher ones in terms of efficiency measured as a function of volume that is pumped into the enlarged section. Displacement of drilling fluids for primary cementing is a rich flow problem involving different non-Newtonian fluids and possibly irregular geometry. Simulations of the displacement process can aid in optimizing fluid properties and injection rates for primary cementing operations, and assist cement log interpretation after the operation.

scholarly journals Automated Characterization of Non-Newtonian Fluids Using Laboratory Setup

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-53
Author(s):  
Dan Sui ◽  
Juan Carlos Martinez Vidaur
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Section ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Horizontal Section ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
Laboratory Setup ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
Mathematical Algorithms ◽  
Basic Objective

AbstractThe automation towards drilling fluid properties’ measurement has been pursued in the recent years in order to increase drilling efficiency with less human intervention. Adequately monitoring and adjusting density and rheology of drilling fluids are fundamental responsibilities of mud engineers. In this study, experimental tests that automatically characterize fluids were conducted. The basic objective is to measure the differential pressures along two sections of the pipes: one horizontal section and one vertical section. Using such measuring data, mathematical algorithms are then proposed to estimate fluids’ density and subsequently viscosity with respect to flow regimes, laminar and turbulence. The results were compared and validated with the values measured on rotational rheometers. With the help of models and numerical schemes, the work presented in the paper reveals a good opportunity to improve the accuracy and precision of continuous-measuring and monitoring fluids’ properties.

scholarly journals Interaction between Polymer-Based Drilling Fluids Containing Ordinary Salts and Clay Rocks

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 789-795
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Sodium Silicate Solution ◽  
Silicate Solution ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Fluid Composition ◽  
Hydration Shells ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Clay Rocks

The study of the interaction processes between polymer-based drilling fluids and clay rocks is essential. Careful selection of drilling fluid composition will allow you to avoid such complications during drilling as the bridge over, clogging of the bottom-hole zone with cuttings, reduction of the mechanical drilling speed, differential wall sticking, a fluid wash of the wellbore walls and core plugs, and drilling fluid losses. Various salts of alkali and alkaline earth metals are often used as clay swelling inhibitors, which can cause changes in the rheological properties of the drilling fluid on their addition at high concentrations. The paper presents the experimental results of determining the swelling value of the clay mineral illite in drilling fluids prepared on the basis of cationic (K-6729) and anionic (EZ-MUDDP) polymers with the addition of inorganic salts – potassium chloride, sodium chloride and sodium silicate. The rheology of the tested samples deteriorates when salts are added to polymer solutions. This fact is explained by the hydration of salts and water molecules binding to the hydration shells of electrolyte ions, as well as the destruction of hydrogen bonds in water's structure with an increase in its molecular mobility. The paper demonstrates that in a sodium silicate solution, the hydration and swelling of illite are significantly inhibited. Thus, the change in the linear dimensions of pressed clay powder tablets with different permeabilities in distilled water, potassium, and sodium chloride solutions amounted to 30%, while in sodium silicate solution it did not exceed 6.3%. However, compared to potassium and sodium chlorides, when sodium silicate as a clay inhibitor, then the rheological characteristics of the drilling fluid decrease less significantly.

Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Modeling and Predicting the Rheological Behavior of Nano-Based Drilling Fluids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moamen Gasser ◽  
Omar Mahmoud ◽  
Fatma Ibrahim ◽  
Magdi Abadir
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Rheological Behavior ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Maximum Shear Stress ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
The Road ◽  
Mathematical Formulas ◽  
Type Size ◽  
Drilling Conditions

Abstract Drilling process is one of the main operations in the extraction of hydrocarbons from petroleum reservoirs. It comes right after the exploration processes. Drilling fluids are necessary for controlling the wells and performing different functions during the drilling operation. They perform many roles in lifting the cuttings from the bottom of the well to the surface and cooling/lubricating the drill pipes and bit. Furthermore, they provide the desired hydrostatic pressure to overbalance pore pressure in addition to produce a thin/impermeable filter cake that can prevent or reduce the possible damage to the formations. It is mandatory to keep monitoring, enhancing, and optimizing the properties of the drilling fluids. Recently, different additives, among which nanoparticles (NPs), have been investigated to improve, and maximize the benefits of the drilling fluids accordingly to meet the new challenges. The rheological behavior of such complex fluids has shown different enhancements up on the utilization of those additives. The rheological properties of the drilling fluids are accurately measured on the surface; however, the behavior of those properties may change with time and under harsh drilling conditions, such as high pressure/high temperature environments. For that, different models are introduced and used to predict and optimize the rheological characteristics of such fluids. Bingham, Herschel-Bulkley, Power Law, Casson and others are commonly used as rheological models to predict the drilling fluid behavior. In the last decade, a new trend of developing new models and correlations using the artificial neural networks (ANN) have been introduced to the petroleum field. Mathematical formulas can be developed using ANN, which then can be used to predict the behavior of certain parameter(s) by knowing other ones. Using ANN have shown to be more reliable and accurate in predicting the rheological properties of the drilling fluids, such as apparent viscosity (AV), plastic viscosity (PV), yield point (YP), maximum shear stress, and change in the mud density at various conditions. This work aims at using ANN technique to develop suitable models that can predict the rheological behavior of nano-based drilling fluids. The effect of NPs-type, -size, -concentration, and drilling fluid formulations will be considered, which may pave the road for new applications and efficient utilizations.

The "U-Type" Wells History of Fuzzy Ball Drilling Fluids for CBM Drilling in China

2013 ◽  
Vol 748 ◽  
pp. 1273-1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Guang Guo ◽  
Li Hui Zheng ◽  
Shang Zhi Meng ◽  
Zhi Heng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Damage Control ◽  
Ordos Basin ◽  
Coal Bed ◽  
Formation Damage ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Horizontal Section ◽  
Lost Circulation ◽  
Well Bore Stability ◽  
Formation Damage Control

The fuzzy ball drilling fluids have been developed on the basis of the circulation foam and Aphron to control lost circulation effectively. There are some difficulties in drilling U-type well, such as well-bore stability, cutting carrying problem, large torque and friction at the horizontal section, and formation damage to coal-bed. The objective of this paper was to show some applications of fuzzy ball drilling fluids on U-type wells of the Ordos Basin and prove the superiority of fuzzy ball drilling fluid in CBM drilling. To the three mentioned cases, the density of fuzzy ball drilling fluid was 0.90~1.18g/cm3, the funnel viscosity was 45~72s, the dynamic shear force was 12~19 Pa, the PV was 13~19mPa·s and the pH was ranged from 7 to 9. To use the fuzzy ball drilling fluids, the average ROP increased above 10% with no borehole complexity, such as stuck pipe, hole enlargement causing poor cleaning and etc. These cases reflected excellent properties of the fuzzy ball drilling fluids including effectively sealing, good carrying and suspension ability, formation damage control and compatible weighted by inert materials. Furthermore, the fuzzy ball drilling fluids will not affect BHA tools like motors and MWD in CBM drilling.

Modeling of Annular Pressures in Horizontal Directional Drilling

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel T. Ariaratnam ◽  
Richard Stauber ◽  
Bruce Harbin
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Pressure Effects ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Fluid Composition ◽  
Directional Drilling ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Horizontal Directional Drilling ◽  
Wide Range

Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) is an established trenchless construction method for the installation of underground utilities and pipelines. Subsequently, the method is becoming widely accepted as a cost-effective alternative to traditional open-cut construction. However, the occurrence of hydraulic fracturing, resulting in the migration of drilling fluid to the surface has placed the HDD process under scrutiny, especially when being considered for environmentally sensitive projects. Hydraulic fracturing results from an excess buildup of fluidic pressure within the borehole. Models have been developed to predict borehole pressures; however, there is limited information available on the relationship between drilling returns and fluid composition to these pressures. A research program was undertaken to model and determine flow characteristics for drilling returns under a variety of soil conditions and bore penetration rates. Nine soil samples were gathered based on the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) and their respective rheological properties were obtained for different drilling fluids and target slurry densities. This paper presents, as an example, a comparison and analysis of the predicted borehole pressures of clayey-sand (SC) soil in a large directional drill rig application and provides recommendations for contractors when attempting installations in various geological formations. The pressure effects of pipe eccentricity within a borehole were analyzed using a computer model. The result of this research is a simplified approach for predicting downhole fluid pressures for a wide range of project parameters that can be used as a guide to minimize the occurrence of hydraulic fracturing.

The Shielding Effect of Drilling Fluids on Measurement While Drilling Tool Downhole Compasses—The Effect of Drilling Fluid Composition, Contaminants, and Rheology

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arild Saasen ◽  
Songxiong Ding ◽  
Per Amund Amundsen ◽  
Kristoffer Tellefsen
Keyword(s):  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Shielding Effect ◽  
Magnetic Shielding ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Fluid Composition ◽  
Iron Ions ◽  
Drilling Tool ◽  
Measurement While Drilling ◽  
Drilling Site ◽  
Wear Products

Materials such as added clays, weight materials, drill solids, and metallic wear products in the drilling fluid are known to distort the geomagnetic field at the location of the measurement while drilling (MWD) tool magnetometers that are used to measure the direction of well path. This distortion contributes to substantial errors in determination of azimuth while drilling deviated wells. These errors may result in missing the target of a long deviated 12 ¼ in. section in the range of 1–200 m, representing a significant cost to be mitigated. The error becomes even more pronounced if drilling occurs in arctic regions close to the magnetic north pole (or south pole). The effect on the magnetometer readings is obviously linked to the kinds and amounts of magnetic materials in the drilling fluid. The problem has recently been studied by laboratory experiments and analyses of downhole survey data. A series of experiments has been carried out to understand how some drilling fluid additives relate to the magnetic distortion. Experiments with free iron ions show that presence of iron ions does not contribute to magnetic distortion, while experiments with bentonite-based fluids show a strong effect of bentonite on magnetic shielding. Albeit earlier measurements showing a strong dependency of the content of organophilic clay, clean laboratory prepared oil-based drilling fluids show no increased shielding when adding organophilic hectorite clays. The anticipated difference between these two cases is outlined in the paper. When eroded steel from an offshore drilling site is added into the oil-based drilling fluid, it is found that these swarf and steel fines significantly increase the magnetic shielding of the drilling fluid. The paper outlines how the drilling direction may be distorted by the presence of these additives and contaminants and how this relates to the rheological properties of the drilling fluid.

The Shielding Effect of Drilling Fluids on MWD Downhole Compasses: The Effect of Drilling Fluid Composition, Contaminants and Rheology

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arild Saasen ◽  
Songxiong Ding ◽  
Per Amund Amundsen ◽  
Kristoffer Tellefsen
Keyword(s):  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Shielding Effect ◽  
Magnetic Shielding ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Fluid Composition ◽  
Iron Ions ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Measurement While Drilling ◽  
Drilling Site ◽  
Wear Products

Materials such as added clays, weight materials, drill solids and metalic wear products in the drilling fluid are known to distort the geomagnetic field at the location of the Measurement While Drilling (MWD) tool magnetometers that are used to measure the direction of well path. This distortion contributes to substantial errors in determination of azimuth while drilling deviated wells. These errors may result in missing the target of a long deviated 12 ¼″ section in the range of 1–200m; representing a significant cost to be mitigated. The error becomes even more pronounced if drilling occurs in arctic regions close to the magnetic North Pole (or South Pole). The effect on the magnetometer readings is obviously linked to the kinds and amounts of magnetic materials in the drilling fluid. The problem has recently been studied by laboratory experiments and analyses of downhole survey data. A series of experiments has been carried out to understand how some drilling fluid additives relate to the magnetic distortion. Experiments with free iron ions show that presence of iron ions does not contribute to magnetic distortion; while experiments with bentonite-based fluids show a strong effect of bentonite on magnetic shielding. Albeit earlier measurements showing a strong dependency of the content of organophilic clay, clean laboratory prepared oil-based drilling fluids show no increased shielding when adding organophilic hectorite clays. The anticipated difference between these two cases is outlined in the paper. When eroded steel from an offshore drilling site is added into the oil-based drilling fluid, it is found that these swarf and steel fines significantly increase the magnetic shielding of the drilling fluid. The paper outlines how the drilling direction may be distorted by the presence of these additives and contaminants and how this relates to the rheological properties of the drilling fluid.

Hydrophobic interactions in adsorption layers of nonionic and anionic SAS and their influence on technological indicators of drilling fluids

2021 ◽  
Vol 931 (1) ◽  
pp. 012014
Author(s):  
Yu K Lukanina ◽  
A V Khvatov ◽  
P A Sakharov ◽  
E V Belenko
Keyword(s):  
Hydrophobic Interactions ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Anionic Sas ◽  
Contact Surfaces ◽  
Hydrocarbon Radicals ◽  
Adsorption Layers

Abstract During drilling, an important role is played by the ability of the used inhibiting, lubricating and other additives to drilling fluids to form dense, saturated adsorption layers (adlayers) on the contact surfaces. Of significant importance in the formation of saturated adlayers is the ability of hydrocarbon radicals of adsorbed SAS molecules to hydrophobic interactions, which lead to deeper lyophobization of the surface, providing high technological parameters of the drilling fluid.

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