The Shielding Effect of Drilling Fluids on Measurement While Drilling Tool Downhole Compasses—The Effect of Drilling Fluid Composition, Contaminants, and Rheology

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arild Saasen ◽  
Songxiong Ding ◽  
Per Amund Amundsen ◽  
Kristoffer Tellefsen
Keyword(s):  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Shielding Effect ◽  
Magnetic Shielding ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Fluid Composition ◽  
Iron Ions ◽  
Drilling Tool ◽  
Measurement While Drilling ◽  
Drilling Site ◽  
Wear Products

Materials such as added clays, weight materials, drill solids, and metallic wear products in the drilling fluid are known to distort the geomagnetic field at the location of the measurement while drilling (MWD) tool magnetometers that are used to measure the direction of well path. This distortion contributes to substantial errors in determination of azimuth while drilling deviated wells. These errors may result in missing the target of a long deviated 12 ¼ in. section in the range of 1–200 m, representing a significant cost to be mitigated. The error becomes even more pronounced if drilling occurs in arctic regions close to the magnetic north pole (or south pole). The effect on the magnetometer readings is obviously linked to the kinds and amounts of magnetic materials in the drilling fluid. The problem has recently been studied by laboratory experiments and analyses of downhole survey data. A series of experiments has been carried out to understand how some drilling fluid additives relate to the magnetic distortion. Experiments with free iron ions show that presence of iron ions does not contribute to magnetic distortion, while experiments with bentonite-based fluids show a strong effect of bentonite on magnetic shielding. Albeit earlier measurements showing a strong dependency of the content of organophilic clay, clean laboratory prepared oil-based drilling fluids show no increased shielding when adding organophilic hectorite clays. The anticipated difference between these two cases is outlined in the paper. When eroded steel from an offshore drilling site is added into the oil-based drilling fluid, it is found that these swarf and steel fines significantly increase the magnetic shielding of the drilling fluid. The paper outlines how the drilling direction may be distorted by the presence of these additives and contaminants and how this relates to the rheological properties of the drilling fluid.

The Shielding Effect of Drilling Fluids on MWD Downhole Compasses: The Effect of Drilling Fluid Composition, Contaminants and Rheology

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arild Saasen ◽  
Songxiong Ding ◽  
Per Amund Amundsen ◽  
Kristoffer Tellefsen
Keyword(s):  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Shielding Effect ◽  
Magnetic Shielding ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Fluid Composition ◽  
Iron Ions ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Measurement While Drilling ◽  
Drilling Site ◽  
Wear Products

Materials such as added clays, weight materials, drill solids and metalic wear products in the drilling fluid are known to distort the geomagnetic field at the location of the Measurement While Drilling (MWD) tool magnetometers that are used to measure the direction of well path. This distortion contributes to substantial errors in determination of azimuth while drilling deviated wells. These errors may result in missing the target of a long deviated 12 ¼″ section in the range of 1–200m; representing a significant cost to be mitigated. The error becomes even more pronounced if drilling occurs in arctic regions close to the magnetic North Pole (or South Pole). The effect on the magnetometer readings is obviously linked to the kinds and amounts of magnetic materials in the drilling fluid. The problem has recently been studied by laboratory experiments and analyses of downhole survey data. A series of experiments has been carried out to understand how some drilling fluid additives relate to the magnetic distortion. Experiments with free iron ions show that presence of iron ions does not contribute to magnetic distortion; while experiments with bentonite-based fluids show a strong effect of bentonite on magnetic shielding. Albeit earlier measurements showing a strong dependency of the content of organophilic clay, clean laboratory prepared oil-based drilling fluids show no increased shielding when adding organophilic hectorite clays. The anticipated difference between these two cases is outlined in the paper. When eroded steel from an offshore drilling site is added into the oil-based drilling fluid, it is found that these swarf and steel fines significantly increase the magnetic shielding of the drilling fluid. The paper outlines how the drilling direction may be distorted by the presence of these additives and contaminants and how this relates to the rheological properties of the drilling fluid.

scholarly journals Ditch Magnet Performance

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kjartan M. Strømø ◽  
Arild Saasen ◽  
Helge Hodne ◽  
Jan Egil Pallin ◽  
Gudmund Aaker
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Drill Pipe ◽  
Waste Material ◽  
Magnetic Shielding ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Magnet System ◽  
Strong Magnetic Fields ◽  
Measurement While Drilling

Magnetic shielding of the Measurement While Drilling (MWD) directional tools and damages to mud pumps, down-hole tools and casing/drill-pipe and difficulties in understanding logging results are some of the main problems caused by steel and magnetic contaminated drilling fluids. In order to have these problems significantly reduced, all the magnetic contaminants should ideally be removed from the drilling fluid by the use of ditch magnets. Hence, the magnets and their ability to remove magnetic waste from the drilling fluid was evaluated by field evaluations. Data from a field test of a new ditch magnet system where all the drilling fluid is forced to flow into an area with a strong magnetic fields have been compared with data from an operation with a traditional ditch magnet system in order to see if there are any significant differences in the total amount of magnetic waste material collected from the two systems. It is shown how drilling length, inclination and casing size may affect the production of magnetic debris entering the drilling fluid, and hence, show the well construction dependence of the ditch magnet performance.

scholarly journals Interaction between Polymer-Based Drilling Fluids Containing Ordinary Salts and Clay Rocks

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 789-795
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Sodium Silicate Solution ◽  
Silicate Solution ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Fluid Composition ◽  
Hydration Shells ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Clay Rocks

The study of the interaction processes between polymer-based drilling fluids and clay rocks is essential. Careful selection of drilling fluid composition will allow you to avoid such complications during drilling as the bridge over, clogging of the bottom-hole zone with cuttings, reduction of the mechanical drilling speed, differential wall sticking, a fluid wash of the wellbore walls and core plugs, and drilling fluid losses. Various salts of alkali and alkaline earth metals are often used as clay swelling inhibitors, which can cause changes in the rheological properties of the drilling fluid on their addition at high concentrations. The paper presents the experimental results of determining the swelling value of the clay mineral illite in drilling fluids prepared on the basis of cationic (K-6729) and anionic (EZ-MUDDP) polymers with the addition of inorganic salts – potassium chloride, sodium chloride and sodium silicate. The rheology of the tested samples deteriorates when salts are added to polymer solutions. This fact is explained by the hydration of salts and water molecules binding to the hydration shells of electrolyte ions, as well as the destruction of hydrogen bonds in water's structure with an increase in its molecular mobility. The paper demonstrates that in a sodium silicate solution, the hydration and swelling of illite are significantly inhibited. Thus, the change in the linear dimensions of pressed clay powder tablets with different permeabilities in distilled water, potassium, and sodium chloride solutions amounted to 30%, while in sodium silicate solution it did not exceed 6.3%. However, compared to potassium and sodium chlorides, when sodium silicate as a clay inhibitor, then the rheological characteristics of the drilling fluid decrease less significantly.

Modeling of Annular Pressures in Horizontal Directional Drilling

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel T. Ariaratnam ◽  
Richard Stauber ◽  
Bruce Harbin
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Pressure Effects ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Fluid Composition ◽  
Directional Drilling ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Horizontal Directional Drilling ◽  
Wide Range

Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) is an established trenchless construction method for the installation of underground utilities and pipelines. Subsequently, the method is becoming widely accepted as a cost-effective alternative to traditional open-cut construction. However, the occurrence of hydraulic fracturing, resulting in the migration of drilling fluid to the surface has placed the HDD process under scrutiny, especially when being considered for environmentally sensitive projects. Hydraulic fracturing results from an excess buildup of fluidic pressure within the borehole. Models have been developed to predict borehole pressures; however, there is limited information available on the relationship between drilling returns and fluid composition to these pressures. A research program was undertaken to model and determine flow characteristics for drilling returns under a variety of soil conditions and bore penetration rates. Nine soil samples were gathered based on the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) and their respective rheological properties were obtained for different drilling fluids and target slurry densities. This paper presents, as an example, a comparison and analysis of the predicted borehole pressures of clayey-sand (SC) soil in a large directional drill rig application and provides recommendations for contractors when attempting installations in various geological formations. The pressure effects of pipe eccentricity within a borehole were analyzed using a computer model. The result of this research is a simplified approach for predicting downhole fluid pressures for a wide range of project parameters that can be used as a guide to minimize the occurrence of hydraulic fracturing.

Direction Drilling Measurement Errors Caused by Drilling Fluid Constituents

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Pattarini ◽  
Sheldon Rawlins ◽  
Arild Saasen ◽  
Per Amund Amundsen ◽  
Benny Poedjono
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Magnetic Materials ◽  
Geomagnetic Field ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Shielding Effect ◽  
Measurement While Drilling ◽  
Drilling Muds ◽  
Shielding Effects

Materials in drilling muds are known to sometimes distort the geomagnetic field at the location of the Measurement While Drilling (MWD) tool magnetometers that are used to measure the azimuth of well path. This distortion or shielding effect can contribute to substantial errors in determination of azimuth while drilling deviated wells and with significant well displacements, these errors may result in missing the target of a long deviated section in the range of 1–200m; and thus impact on the overall productivity expectation of the well. The article describes significant shielding effects observed while drilling long wells. The criteria for acceptance of the surveys were not met and resultantly, an alternative survey source had to be obtained with resulted in increased cost and time to the client. A number of measures were implemented to eliminate this shielding effect. The effects of drilling fluid contamination by magnetic materials are calculated, and a method to evaluate the magnetic properties of the drilling fluid is proposed. The effect of taking measurements with the pumps on versus off is quantified.

Design of Turbine System for Positive Mud-Pulse Telemetry

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Amini ◽  
Xiaobo Peng
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Directional Drilling ◽  
Drilling Tool ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Turbine Component ◽  
Measurement While Drilling ◽  
Cfd Analyses ◽  
Continuous Power

This paper presents the design of a turbine system that powers an alternator in a Positive Mud Pulse Telemetry (P-MPT) system, a Measurement While Drilling tool (MWD) used in the petroleum industry. With rig rates exceeding $1 million per day and wells that are drilled at depths of over 30,000 ft (9144 m), operators need to have an MWD tool that can provide continuous power while drilling without interruption. With our design of the turbine component for the P-MPT system, it allows the signals of directional drilling information to be continuously transmitted while concurrently drilling. This paper presents the turbine system for a P-MPT system with the testing and analysis for operational conditions. The turbine system consists of a stationary vein positioned 0.25 inches (0.635 centimeters) apart from a rotating vein that is connected to the shaft-alternator system. The turbine system was manufactured with 3D printing. An experimental wind tunnel was built to simulate a downhole drilling environment by applying density scaling techniques to model flow in drilling fluid. The testing results of the turbine system are presented and discussed, including differential pressure, no-load rotation speed (RPM), stall torque, and power. CFD analyses were performed. The wind tunnel experimental data were validated by the CFD analyses. The results show that the turbine system design is functional for the P-MPT system.

Shielding of Directional Magnetic Sensor Readings in a Measurement While Drilling Tool for Oil Well Positioning

2005 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per A. Amundsen ◽  
Torgeir Torkildsen ◽  
Arild Saasen
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Magnetic Materials ◽  
Explicit Solution ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Magnetic Sensor ◽  
Magnetic Sensors ◽  
Oil Well ◽  
Drilling Tool ◽  
Measurement While Drilling

Magnetic materials in the drilling fluid used for drilling a petroleum well can significantly shield the Earth’s magnetic field as measured by magnetic sensors inside the drilling pipe. This has been shown to sometimes cause significant errors in the accuracy of borehole positioning using magnetic surveying. In this paper we present a physical approach for correcting the measured magnetic fields for such shielding. An explicit solution of the shielding problem is derived for the simplest case of a magnetic sensor on the axis of the borehole.

Impact of Conventional Practices on Economic Efficiency as Illustrated by the Construction of Horizontal Sections of Multilateral ERD Wells and Fishbone Wells in Western Siberia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxim Pavlovich Frolov ◽  
Dmitry Nikolaevich Voitenko ◽  
Alexander Olegovich Proshin ◽  
Anastasiya Andreevna Ivanova ◽  
Vitaly Igorevich Shepelev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Collaborative Work ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Fluid Composition ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Horizontal Section ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Drilling Conditions

Abstract This paper is a detailed description of the first experience of an ERD wells horizontal section using ultra-low-viscosity drilling fluid as a drilling fluid implemented in the Russia land. This work has great value as an experience that allows to reevaluate the traditional views on the sole influence of drilling fluid parameters on the process of drilling wells. The thesis considers the key aspects and practices of improving the technical and economy values of drilling the multilateral ERD wells and FishBone wells in Western Siberia by applying an integrated approach based on three key factors: understanding the features of the rheology of drilling fluids; thorough analysis of the results of modeling wellbore washing and cleaning and comparing the calculated values with the actual values of the determined technological parameters in order to predict and control ECD; the collaborative work of the customer and the contractor, so-called "active supervising" methodology, aimed on making timely decisions for adjusting of the target requirements during the wells construction, "in situ" method, in order to achieve the made goals. The main conclusions have been made during the work: Effective and sufficient cleaning of annular space can be achieved with minimum values of drilling fluid rheology characteristics. Cuttings and marble bridging agent participate in the filter cake creation. The absence of marble bridging agent particles in the mud composition cannot be a reason of complications (absorption, sticking) when drilling low-permeability reservoirs. The concentration of the marble bridging agent should be determined, taking into account several factors: solids control equipment efficiency, formation permeability, density and drilling fluid composition. the recommended values for the parameters such as lubricant concentration and MBT, must be selected, firstly, based on comprehensive understanding of the idea of each parameter, and secondly, adequately assessing their significance under specific drilling conditions. Competent active supervising of drilling fluid has huge impact on the economy efficiency of well construction, whereas this approach can be beneficial for both the customer and the drilling fluid contractor. The implemented on the project approach allowed to save up to 60% for the cost of 1m3 of drilling fluid for horizontal section, as well as to reduce the time spent on the wells construction. The main result of the work: two multilateral wells were successfully drilled with the DDI of 7.2 and 6.55 and high risks of lost circulation. Wells construction was completed by running the liner to the target bottom without any signs of landings. However, the most important achievement is the emerging prospect of replicating the proposed approach to drilling ERD wells for deeper deposits development, that allows us to expect comparable technical and economy effects considering drilling conditions.

MODELING OF THE DYNAMIC PROCESS RELEASE OF STUCK DRILLING TOOLS BY HYDRO-PULSE METHOD

2019 ◽  
pp. 94-103
Author(s):  
K. H. Levchyk ◽  
M. V. Shcherbyna
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Dynamic Process ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Pulse Method ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Rock Layer ◽  
Drilling Tool ◽  
Drilling Tools ◽  
Drill Pipes

A technical solution is proposed for the elimination the grabbing of drilling tool, based on the use of energy due to the circulation of the drilling fluid. The expediency eliminating the grabbing drilling tool using the hydro-impulse method is substantiated. A method of drawing up a mathematical model for the dynamic process of a grabbing string of drill pipes in the case of perturbation of hydro-impulse oscillations in the area of the productive rock layer is developed. The law of longitudinal displacements arising in the trapped string is obtained, which allows choosing the optimal geometrical parameters of the passage channels and the frequency rotational of shutter for these channels. Recommendations for using this method for practical use have been systematized.

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