Enhancing Drilling Response and Improving ROP on PDC Bits by Utilizing 1-in. Diameter Cutters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Xavier Thomas ◽  
Michael James Bailey ◽  
Sofiane Doudou ◽  
Javier Pérez García ◽  
Salim Al Bahri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Drill Bit ◽  
Hole Size ◽  
Directional Drilling ◽  
Client Feedback ◽  
Torsional Response ◽  
Drilling Performance ◽  
Initial Results ◽  
Ancillary Features

Abstract This paper details the improvements to drilling performance and torsional response of fixed cutter bits when changing from a conventional 19-mm cutter diameter configuration to 25-mm cutter diameters for similar blade counts in two different hole sizes. Key performance metrics include rate of penetration (ROP), rerun-ability, torsional response, and ability to maintain tool-face control during directional drilling. A high-performance drilling application was selected with several existing offset wells using a 12¼-in., five-bladed, 19-mm (519) drill bit design, and a concept bit developed using 25-mm diameter cutters while maintaining comparable ancillary features. This was tested in the same field on both vertical and S-shape sections using the same bent-housing motor assembly and drilling performance compared to the existing offsets. A 17½-in. hole size application that experiences high drillstring vibration was also selected, and a 25-mm cutter diameter drill bit was designed with comparable ancillary features to replace a six-bladed, 19-mm (619) drill bit. This was tested in the same field with the drilling performance, and vibration propensity was assessed. Initial testing in the 12¼-in. section showed extremely promising initial results, breaking the field ROP record in a well-established field of more than 3,000 wells. The rerun of the same bit without repair placed fourth in the field in terms of ROP records. Additional testing in the vertical and s-shape sections showed the new 25-mm cutter diameter design consistently exceeding the ROP performance of the 519 drill bit design while achieving directional targets without any reported drilling concerns. Subsequent trials with other operators saw similar performance improvement with multiple instances of breaking field ROP records. The first trial of the new 17½-in. hole size design with 25-mm diameter cutters had 34% average higher ROP than the offset average ROP, achieving the field ROP record. An overall 70% improvement during trials was seen in ROP versus the existing 619 drill bit design. The daily drilling reports and client feedback reported a significantly reduced level of drillstring vibration versus offset wells. This paper demonstrates the potential for a paradigm shift in drilling response and overall ROP by using 25-mm diameter cutters on fixed cutter bits. When correctly modeled, designed, and selected for specific applications, they benefit operators by reducing the time it takes to drill the section, improving repairability, reducing the time that an openhole is left exposed, and reducing drilling costs.

Drilling Automation – Benefits of the New Drilling Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Heredia ◽  
Jan Egil Tengesdal ◽  
Rune Hobberstad ◽  
Julien Marck ◽  
Harald Kleivenes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Method ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Directional Drilling ◽  
Well Performance ◽  
Human Errors ◽  
Drilling Performance ◽  
Friction Factors ◽  
Remote Operations

Abstract A pilot program for automated directional drilling was implemented as a part of the roll out plan in Norway to drill three dimensional wells in an automated mode, where steering commands were carried out automatically by the automation platform. The rollout plan also targeted the use of remote operations to allow personnel to be relocated from the rig location into remote drilling centers. The goal of the program was to optimize the directional drilling performance by assessing the benefits of automation using the latest rotary steerable system technologies and machine learning smart algorithms to predict and manipulated the BHA performance, as well as the ability to predict the best drilling parameters for hole cleaning. The automation was implemented on three different rigs and the data was compared with the drilling performance from the last two years, with three dimensional wells drilled in the conventional method. The main benefits between drilling wells in the conventional method versus drilling wells with the new drilling automation model include the following. Reduce the overall cost per meter –  Improve the rate of penetration –  Improve running casings Consistence process adherence –  Reduce human errors –  Reduce POB without sacrificing lost of technical experience Optimize workforce resources –  Allows continuity of service (COVID-19 restrictions) Drilling automation can drill smoother wells by reducing the friction factors and tortuosity. This is translated in direct cost savings per meter and reduction in the overall well delivery time, with the advantage of performing the execution and monitoring of the well performance remotely. This new drilling model open the door of new opportunities, especially for the challenges where the work force resources, and drilling performance is a priority for the operations.

Intelligent Rotary Steerable System, Coupled with an Instrumented Bit, Delivers Section Plan in Deepwater GOM Project

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Snyder ◽  
Graeme Salmon
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Polycrystalline Diamond ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Directional Drilling ◽  
Steering Control ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Drilling Performance ◽  
Downhole Tool

Abstract The challenging offshore drilling environment has increased the need for cost-effective operations to deliver accurate well placement, high borehole quality, and shoe-to-shoe drilling performance. As well construction complexity continues to develop, the need for an improved systems approach to delivering integrated performance is critical. Complex bottom hole assemblies (BHA) used in deepwater operations will include additional sensors and capabilities than in the past. These BHAs consist of multiple cutting structures (bit/reamer), gamma, resistivity, density, porosity, sonic, formation pressure testing/sampling capabilities, as well as drilling dynamics systems and onboard diagnostic sensors. Rock cutting structure design primarily relied on data capture at the surface. An instrumented sensor package within the drill bit provides dynamic measurements allowing for better understanding of BHA performance, creating a more efficient system for all drilling conditions. The addition of intelligent systems that monitor and control these complex BHAs, makes it possible to implement autonomous steering of directional drilling assemblies in the offshore environment. In the Deepwater Gulf of Mexico (GOM), this case study documents the introduction of a new automated drilling service and Intelligent Rotary Steerable System (iRSS) with an instrumented bit. Utilizing these complex BHAs, the system can provide real-time (RT) steering decisions automatically given the downhole tool configuration, planned well path, and RT sensor information received. The 6-3/4-inch nominal diameter system, coupled with the instrumented bit, successfully completed the first 5,400-foot (1,650m) section while enlarging the 8-1/2-inch (216mm) borehole to 9-7/8 inches (250mm). The system delivered a high-quality wellbore with low tortuosity and minimal vibration, while keeping to the planned well path. The system achieved all performance objectives and captured dynamic drilling responses for use in an additional applications. This fast sampling iRSS maintains continuous and faster steering control at high rates of penetration (ROP) providing accurate well path directional control. The system-matched polycrystalline diamond (PDC) bit is engineered to deliver greater side cutting efficiency with enhanced cutting structure improving the iRSS performance. Included within the bit is an instrumentation package that tracks drilling dynamics at the bit. The bit dynamics data is then used to improve bit designs and optimize drilling parameters.

Persistent memory hash indexes

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 785-798
Author(s):  
Daokun Hu ◽  
Zhiwen Chen ◽  
Jianbing Wu ◽  
Jianhua Sun ◽  
Hao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Hash Tables ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Persistent Memory ◽  
Memory Modules

Persistent memory (PM) is increasingly being leveraged to build hash-based indexing structures featuring cheap persistence, high performance, and instant recovery, especially with the recent release of Intel Optane DC Persistent Memory Modules. However, most of them are evaluated on DRAM-based emulators with unreal assumptions, or focus on the evaluation of specific metrics with important properties sidestepped. Thus, it is essential to understand how well the proposed hash indexes perform on real PM and how they differentiate from each other if a wider range of performance metrics are considered. To this end, this paper provides a comprehensive evaluation of persistent hash tables. In particular, we focus on the evaluation of six state-of-the-art hash tables including Level hashing, CCEH, Dash, PCLHT, Clevel, and SOFT, with real PM hardware. Our evaluation was conducted using a unified benchmarking framework and representative workloads. Besides characterizing common performance properties, we also explore how hardware configurations (such as PM bandwidth, CPU instructions, and NUMA) affect the performance of PM-based hash tables. With our in-depth analysis, we identify design trade-offs and good paradigms in prior arts, and suggest desirable optimizations and directions for the future development of PM-based hash tables.

scholarly journals Biosensing with optical fiber gratings

Nanophotonics ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 663-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Chiavaioli ◽  
Francesco Baldini ◽  
Sara Tombelli ◽  
Cosimo Trono ◽  
Ambra Giannetti
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Surrounding Medium ◽  
Remote Measurement ◽  
Fiber Gratings ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Technology Platforms ◽  
Optical Fiber Gratings

AbstractOptical fiber gratings (OFGs), especially long-period gratings (LPGs) and etched or tilted fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs), are playing an increasing role in the chemical and biochemical sensing based on the measurement of a surface refractive index (RI) change through a label-free configuration. In these devices, the electric field evanescent wave at the fiber/surrounding medium interface changes its optical properties (i.e. intensity and wavelength) as a result of the RI variation due to the interaction between a biological recognition layer deposited over the fiber and the analyte under investigation. The use of OFG-based technology platforms takes the advantages of optical fiber peculiarities, which are hardly offered by the other sensing systems, such as compactness, lightness, high compatibility with optoelectronic devices (both sources and detectors), and multiplexing and remote measurement capability as the signal is spectrally modulated. During the last decade, the growing request in practical applications pushed the technology behind the OFG-based sensors over its limits by means of the deposition of thin film overlays, nanocoatings, and nanostructures, in general. Here, we review efforts toward utilizing these nanomaterials as coatings for high-performance and low-detection limit devices. Moreover, we review the recent development in OFG-based biosensing and identify some of the key challenges for practical applications. While high-performance metrics are starting to be achieved experimentally, there are still open questions pertaining to an effective and reliable detection of small molecules, possibly up to single molecule, sensing in vivo and multi-target detection using OFG-based technology platforms.

scholarly journals Algorithm for auto annotation of scanned documents based on subregion tiling and shallow networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Komuravelli Prashanth ◽  
Kalidas Yeturu
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Character Recognition ◽  
Optical Character Recognition ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Mean Average Precision ◽  
Average Precision ◽  
Squared Error Loss Function ◽  
Scanned Documents

<div>There are millions of scanned documents worldwide in around 4 thousand languages. Searching for information in a scanned document requires a text layer to be available and indexed. Preparation of a text layer requires recognition of character and sub-region patterns and associating with a human interpretation. Developing an optical character recognition (OCR) system for each and every language is a very difficult task if not impossible. There is a strong need for systems that add on top of the existing OCR technologies by learning from them and unifying disparate multitude of many a system. In this regard, we propose an algorithm that leverages the fact that we are dealing with scanned documents of handwritten text regions from across diverse domains and language settings. We observe that the text regions have consistent bounding box sizes and any large font or tiny font scenarios can be handled in preprocessing or postprocessing phases. The image subregions are smaller in size in scanned text documents compared to subregions formed by common objects in general purpose images. We propose and validate the hypothesis that a much simpler convolution neural network (CNN) having very few layers and less number of filters can be used for detecting individual subregion classes. For detection of several hundreds of classes, multiple such simpler models can be pooled to operate simultaneously on a document. The advantage of going by pools of subregion specific models is the ability to deal with incremental addition of hundreds of newer classes over time, without disturbing the previous models in the continual learning scenario. Such an approach has distinctive advantage over using a single monolithic model where subregions classes share and interfere via a bulky common neural network. We report here an efficient algorithm for building a subregion specific lightweight CNN models. The training data for the CNN proposed, requires engineering synthetic data points that consider both pattern of interest and non-patterns as well. We propose and validate the hypothesis that an image canvas in which optimal amount of pattern and non-pattern can be formulated using a means squared error loss function to influence filter for training from the data. The CNN hence trained has the capability to identify the character-object in presence of several other objects on a generalized test image of a scanned document. In this setting some of the key observations are in a CNN, learning a filter depends not only on the abundance of patterns of interest but also on the presence of a non-pattern context. Our experiments have led to some of the key observations - (i) a pattern cannot be over-expressed in isolation, (ii) a pattern cannot be under-xpressed as well, (iii) a non-pattern can be of salt and pepper type noise and finally (iv) it is sufficient to provide a non-pattern context to a modest representation of a pattern to result in strong individual sub-region class models. We have carried out studies and reported \textit{mean average precision} scores on various data sets including (1) MNIST digits(95.77), (2) E-MNIST capital alphabet(81.26), (3) EMNIST small alphabet(73.32) (4) Kannada digits(95.77), (5) Kannada letters(90.34), (6) Devanagari letters(100) (7) Telugu words(93.20) (8) Devanagari words(93.20) and also on medical prescriptions and observed high-performance metrics of mean average precision over 90%. The algorithm serves as a kernel in the automatic annotation of digital documents in diverse scenarios such as annotation of ancient manuscripts and hand-written health records.</div>

Hybrid Actuation in Coupled Ionic / Conducting Polymer Devices

2003 ◽  
Vol 785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Bennett ◽  
Donald J. Leo
Keyword(s):  
Conducting Polymer ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Electromechanical Coupling ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Polymer Membrane ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Ionic Polymer ◽  
Polymer Actuators ◽  
Ionic Conducting ◽  
Initial Results

ABSTRACTIonic polymer membrane actuators represent a relatively new and exciting entry into the field of smart materials. Several key limitations of these transducers have prevented them from experiencing widespread use, however. For example, the bandwidth of these devices is limited at very low frequencies by characteristic relaxation and at high frequencies by the low elastic modulus of the polymer. In this paper, an overview of the initial results of work with hybrid ionic / conducting polymer actuators is presented. These hybrid actuators are devices that combine the electromechanical coupling of ionic polymer actuators and conducting polymer actuators into one coupled device. Initial results show that these hybrid devices have the potential to offer marked advantages over traditional ionic polymer membrane transducers, including increased stress and strain generation and higher actuation bandwidth. Details of the preparation of these devices and performance metrics are presented and comparisons to baseline materials are made.

Novel Fluorescent Visualization Method to Characterize Transport Properties in Micro/Nano Heat Pipe Wick Structures

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pramod Chamarthy ◽  
H. Peter J. de Bock ◽  
Boris Russ ◽  
Shakti Chauhan ◽  
Brian Rush ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pipe ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Gravitational Force ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Electronics Cooling ◽  
Heat Pipes ◽  
High Permeability ◽  
Permeability Characteristics ◽  
Wick Structure ◽  
Initial Results

Heat pipes have been gaining a lot of popularity in electronics cooling applications due to their ease of operation, reliability, and high effective thermal conductivity. An important component of a heat pipe is the wick structure, which transports the condensate from condenser to evaporator. The design of wick structures is complicated by competing requirements to create high capillary driving forces and maintain high permeability. While generating large pore sizes will help achieve high permeability, it will significantly reduce the wick’s capillary performance. This study presents a novel experimental method to simultaneously measure capillary and permeability characteristics of the wick structures using fluorescent visualization. This technique will be used to study the effects of pore size and gravitational force on the flow-related properties of the wick structures. Initial results are presented on wick samples visually characterized from zero to nine g acceleration on a centrifuge. These results will provide a tool to understand the physics involved in transport through porous structures and help in the design of high performance heat pipes.

Pushing the Limits in Offshore Mexico

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hector Hugo Vizcarra Marin ◽  
Alex Ngan ◽  
Roberto Pineda ◽  
Juan Carlos Gomez ◽  
Jose Antonio Becerra
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Directional Drilling ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Control Plan ◽  
Drilling Performance ◽  
Drilling Parameters ◽  
Drilling Engineering

Abstract Given the increased demands on the production of hydrocarbons and cost-effectiveness for the Operator's development wells, the industry is challenged to continually explore new technology and methodology to improve drilling performance and operational efficiency. In this paper, two recent case histories showcase the technology, drilling engineering, and real-time optimization that resulted in record drilling times. The wells are located on shallow water in the Gulf of Mexico, with numerous drilling challenges, which typically resulted in significant Non-Productive Time (NPT). Through close collaboration with the Operator, early planning with a clear understanding of offset wells challenges, well plan that minimize drilling in the Upper Cretaceous "Brecha" Formation were formulated. The well plan was also designed to reduce the risk of stuck pipe while meeting the requirements to penetrate the geological targets laterally to increase the area of contact in the reservoir section. This project encapsulates the successful application of the latest Push-the-Bit Rotary Steerable System (RSS) with borehole enlargement technology through a proven drilling engineering process to optimize the drilling bottomhole assembly, bit selection, drilling parameters, and real-time monitoring & optimization The records drilling times in the two case histories can be replicated and further improved. A list of lessons learned and recommendations for the future wells are discussed. These include the well trajectory planning, directional drilling BHA optimization, directional control plan, drilling parameters to optimize hole cleaning, and downhole shocks & vibrations management during drilling and underreaming operation to increase the drilling performance ultimately. Also, it includes a proposed drilling blueprint to continually push the limit of incremental drilling performance through the use of RSS with hydraulics drilling reamers through the Jurassic-age formations in shallow waters, Gulf of Mexico.

Efficient parallelization of SPH algorithm on modern multi-core CPUs and massively parallel GPUs

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150054
Author(s):  
Pravin Jagtap ◽  
Rupesh Nasre ◽  
V. S. Sanapala ◽  
B. S. V. Patnaik
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Computational Simulation ◽  
Massively Parallel ◽  
Benchmark Problems ◽  
Processing Unit ◽  
Central Processing ◽  
Neighbor Search ◽  
Computational Performance ◽  
Sph Algorithm

Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is fast emerging as a practically useful computational simulation tool for a wide variety of engineering problems. SPH is also gaining popularity as the back bone for fast and realistic animations in graphics and video games. The Lagrangian and mesh-free nature of the method facilitates fast and accurate simulation of material deformation, interface capture, etc. Typically, particle-based methods would necessitate particle search and locate algorithms to be implemented efficiently, as continuous creation of neighbor particle lists is a computationally expensive step. Hence, it is advantageous to implement SPH, on modern multi-core platforms with the help of High-Performance Computing (HPC) tools. In this work, the computational performance of an SPH algorithm is assessed on multi-core Central Processing Unit (CPU) as well as massively parallel General Purpose Graphical Processing Units (GP-GPU). Parallelizing SPH faces several challenges such as, scalability of the neighbor search process, force calculations, minimizing thread divergence, achieving coalesced memory access patterns, balancing workload, ensuring optimum use of computational resources, etc. While addressing some of these challenges, detailed analysis of performance metrics such as speedup, global load efficiency, global store efficiency, warp execution efficiency, occupancy, etc. is evaluated. The OpenMP and Compute Unified Device Architecture[Formula: see text] parallel programming models have been used for parallel computing on Intel Xeon[Formula: see text] E5-[Formula: see text] multi-core CPU and NVIDIA Quadro M[Formula: see text] and NVIDIA Tesla p[Formula: see text] massively parallel GPU architectures. Standard benchmark problems from the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) literature are chosen for the validation. The key concern of how to identify a suitable architecture for mesh-less methods which essentially require heavy workload of neighbor search and evaluation of local force fields from neighbor interactions is addressed.

Suppressed Distortion Performance Metrics of 20nm GAA-GaN/Al2O3 Nanowire MOSFET: Based on Quantum Numerical Simulation 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Gupta ◽  
Aditya Jain ◽  
Ajay Kumar
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Crossover Point ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Higher Derivatives ◽  
Low Distortion ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Intercept Point ◽  
Nanowire Mosfet

Abstract This work investigates the suppressed distortion performance metrics of gate all around (GAA) Gallium Nitride (GaN)/Al2O3 Nanowire (NW) n-channel MOSFET (GaNNW/Al2O3 MOSFET) based on quantum numerical simulations at room temperature (300 K). The simulation results show high switching ratio (≈109) with low subthreshold swing (67mV/decade), high QF value (4.1mS-decade/mV) of GaNNW/Al2O3-MOSFET in comparison to GaNNW/SiO2 and SiNW MOSFET for Vds=0.4V due to the lower permittivity of GaN and more effective mass of the electron. Furthermore, linearity and distortion performance is also examined by numerically calculating transconductance and its higher derivatives (gm2 and gm3); voltage and current intercept point (VIP2, VIP3 and IIP3); 1-dB compression point; Harmonics distortions (HD2 and HD3) and IMD3. All these parameters show high linearity and low distortion at zero crossover point (where gm3=0) in GaNNW/Al2O3 MOSFET. Thus, GaNNW MOSFET can be considered as a promising candidate for low power high-performance applications. In addition, effect of ambient temperature (250K-450K) on the performance of GaNNW/Al2O3 is studied and discussed in terms of the above mentioned metrics. It is very well exhibited that SS, Ion, Vth, and QF improved when the temperature is lowered which makes it suitable for low-temperature environments. But, linearity degrades as the temperature lowers down.

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