Novel Eco-Friendly Kinetic Hydrate Inhibitors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kui Xu ◽  
Jonathan Stewart-Ayala ◽  
Steve Jackson ◽  
Benton Hutchinson ◽  
Christina Sanders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Branched Polymers ◽  
Sugar Alcohol ◽  
Improved Stability ◽  
Polymer Deposition

Abstract Amid concerns over negative the environmental impacts of offshore chemicals, Baker Hughes explored new chemistries to develop environmentally friendly kinetic hydrate inhibitors (KHI). Our efforts were focused on improving biodegradability and toxicity of KHIs to meet environmental protection requirements, as well as mitigating challenges in field applications. A novel KHI design with branched polymers containing sugar alcohol ester groups as linkages, was proposed and synthesized. The new KHI polymer demonstrated > 20% biodegradability and >100 mg/L toxicity to seawater algae, and it also exhibited competitive or even better KHI performance to traditional non-biodegradable KHI products. Additionally, new KHI showed improved stability in water/brine at elevated temperatures as compared to traditional KHI products, which might mitigate concerns on polymer deposition at high temperatures.

The Impacts of Fires and Fire Operations on Environment

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 434-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dian Bo Yang
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Fire Protection ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Fire Accidents ◽  
In Fire

The paper tries to expound environmental damage by fires and fire operations and thus draw more attention on environmental protection in fire protection. The environmental impacts are illustrated with many examples and concrete data. The article comes to the conclusion that: Fires result in not only casualties and economic loss but also permanent and unforeseeable environmental damage; People should try to enhance fire safety and cut down fire accidents while fire brigades should keep environmental protection in mind while fighting fires and choose environmentally friendly methods.

EASTERN STAINLESS TYPE 310S

Alloy Digest ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Steel Company ◽  
Plant Equipment ◽  
The Many ◽  
Corrosion And Oxidation ◽  
Refining Equipment

Abstract EASTERN STAINLESS TYPE 310S has high resistance to corrosion and oxidation at high temperatures. It also has high strength at elevated temperatures. Thus it is especially suitable for service at high temperatures. It is very ductile and can be welded readily. Among the many applications for Type 310S, a few typical uses include annealing boxes, chemical plant equipment, fire box sheets, furnace linings, heat exchangers, oil-refining equipment, kiln linings and tube hangers. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as creep. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-450. Producer or source: Eastern Stainless Steel Company.

scholarly journals Deformation of Ordered Mesoporous Silica Structures on Exposure to High Temperatures

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Lowe ◽  
Richard T. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Mesoporous Silica ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Ordered Mesoporous Silica ◽  
Large Cage ◽  
Pore Structures ◽  
Ordered Mesoporous ◽  
Pore Size Distributions ◽  
Wide Range

Ordered mesoporous silica materials are of interest for a wide range of applications. In many of these, elevated temperatures are used either in the preparation of the material or during its use. Therefore, an understanding of the effect of high temperature treatments on these materials is desirable. In this work, a detailed structural study is performed on silicas with three representative pore structures: a 2-D hexagonal pore arrangement (SBA-15), a continuous 3D cubic bimodal pore structure (KIT-6), and a 3D large cage pore structure (FDU-12). Each silica is studied as prepared and after treatment at a series of temperatures between 300 and 900°C. Pore structures are imaged using Transmission Electron Microscopy. This technique is used in conjunction with Small-Angle X-ray Diffraction, gas physisorption, and29Si solid state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Using these techniques, the pore size distributions, the unit cell dimensions of the mesoporous structures, and the relative occupancy of the distinct chemical environments of Si within them are cross correlated for the three silicas and their evolution with treatment temperature is elucidated. The physical and chemical properties before, during, and after collapse of these structures at high temperatures are described as are the differences in behavior between the three silica structures.

Structural Performance of Pultruded Composites under Elevated Temperatures

2009 ◽  
Vol 79-82 ◽  
pp. 2223-2226
Author(s):  
Ayman S. Mosallam
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Oxidative Degradation ◽  
Viscoelastic Behavior ◽  
Structural Performance ◽  
Crystalline Polymers ◽  
Damage To The Material ◽  
Continuous Working ◽  
Pultruded Composites

One of the major limitations for wider use of pultruded fiber reinforced polymeric (PFRP) composites in the civil engineering sector has been their behavior under elevated temperature and ultimately fire. This limitation arises not only due to the reduction in mechanical properties at high temperatures, including increased propensity to creep, but also due to limitations on the continuous working temperature causing permanent damage to the material as a result of thermal and oxidative degradation. Significant gains in property retention at high temperatures with crystalline polymers have been derived from the incorporation of fibrous reinforcement, but the development of new polymer matrices is the key for further elevation of the useful temperature range. This paper presents summary results of a research project focused on characterizing the viscoelastic behavior of commercially-produced, off-the-shelf unidirectional PFRP materials subjected to elevated temperature environments.

Surface Modification of Solid Electrolytes for Advanced Chemical Sensors.

1988 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner Weppner
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Process Control ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Chemical Sensors ◽  
Solid Electrolytes ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
High Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Ion Conductors

Solid State ion conductors are sucessfully employed in chemical sensors for gases such as oxygen for process control and environmental protection. The application requires elevated temperatures for sufficiently high ionic conductivity and is restricted to a few gases for which suitable solid electrolytes are available.

Maturation process and characterization of a novel thermostable and halotolerant subtilisin-like protease with high collagenolytic but low gelatinolytic activity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kui Zhang ◽  
Qianqian Huang ◽  
Yu Li ◽  
Lanhua Liu ◽  
Xiao-Feng Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Catalytic Domain ◽  
Ion Pairs ◽  
Gelatinolytic Activity ◽  
Type I ◽  
Fish Scale ◽  
Collagenolytic Proteases ◽  
Collagenolytic Protease

Enzymatic degradation of collagen is of great industrial and environmental significance; however, little is known about thermophile-derived collagenolytic proteases. Here, we report a novel collagenolytic protease (TSS) from thermophilic Brevibacillus sp. WF146. The TSS precursor comprises a signal peptide, an N-terminal propeptide, a subtilisin-like catalytic domain, a β-jelly roll (βJR) domain, and a prepeptidase C-terminal (PPC) domain. The maturation of TSS involves a stepwise autoprocessing of the N-terminal propeptide and the PPC domain, and the βJR rather than the PPC domain is necessary for correct folding of the enzyme. Purified mature TSS displayed optimal activity at 70°C and pH 9.0, a half-life of 1.5 h at 75°C, and an increased thermostability with rising salinity up to 4 M. TSS possesses an increased number of surface acidic residues and ion pairs, as well as four Ca 2+ -binding sites, which contribute to its high thermostability and halotolerance. At high temperatures, TSS exhibited high activity toward insoluble type I collagen and azocoll, but showed a low gelatinolytic activity, with a strong preference for Arg and Gly at the P1 and P1’ positions, respectively. Both the βJR and PPC domains could bind but not swell collagen, and thus facilitate TSS-mediated collagenolysis via improving the accessibility of the enzyme to the substrate. Additionally, TSS has the ability to efficiently degrade fish scale collagen at high temperatures. IMPORTANCE Proteolytic degradation of collagen at high temperatures has the advantages of increasing degradation efficiency and minimizing the risk of microbial contamination. Reports on thermostable collagenolytic proteases are limited, and their maturation and catalytic mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Our results demonstrate that the thermophile-derived TSS matures in an autocatalytic manner, and represents one of the most thermostable collagenolytic proteases reported so far. At elevated temperatures, TSS prefers hydrolyzing insoluble heat-denatured collagen rather than gelatin, providing new insight into the mechanism of collagen degradation by thermostable collagenolytic proteases. Moreover, TSS has the potential to be used in recycling collagen-rich wastes such as fish scales.

Working in elevated temperatures: risks and consequences

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Anatoly Zernov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Industrial Safety ◽  
Labor Protection ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
Occupational Risks

A number of technological processes are accompanied by an increase in surface temperature and the release of heat into the working area. The speaker of the conference “Assessment of occupational risks. Working in high temperatures" Anatoly Zernov, expert in the field of professional risk assessment and expertise in the field of labor protection and industrial safety, head of the methodological department RiskProf

Improved stability of salvianolic acid B from Radix Salviae miltiorrhizae in deep eutectic solvents

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 2502-2509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jue Chen ◽  
Shi-fei Li ◽  
Zhi-feng Yao ◽  
Da-wei Yang ◽  
Li-wei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Salvianolic Acid B ◽  
Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae ◽  
Salvianolic Acid ◽  
Salviae Miltiorrhizae ◽  
Improved Stability ◽  
The Stability

Environmentally friendly deep eutectic solvents were developed for enhancing the stability of salvianolic acid B from Radix Salviae miltiorrhizae.

Passenger Vessels for the New Millennium: The Environmental Impacts of the Future San Francisco Bay Area Water Transit Authority Ferry System

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (02) ◽  
pp. 74-84
Author(s):  
Mary Frances Culnane
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
San Francisco Bay ◽  
San Francisco Bay Area ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
State Legislature ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Biotech Industry

Technology has transformed the San Francisco Bay region. Silicon Valley and the biotech industry produced plenty of high-paying positions that inflated the economy and created traffic congestion of immense proportions. Growth projections show 1.2 million new Bay Area jobs and a 1.4 million population increase during the next 25 years, accompanied by a 30% increase in region-wide travel and a 40% increase in transbay travel. In an effort to counter the negative aspects of an immobile and consequently less productive commuter society, the California State Legislature created the San Francisco Bay Area Water Transit Authority (WTA) with a mandate to improve public transit with an environmentally friendly ferry system.

Study on the synthesis of thioamides from aldehyde N-tert-butylsulfinyl amide and sulfur in aqueous media

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-60
Author(s):  
Pham Xuan Thao
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Metal Complex ◽  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Noble Metal ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Straightforward Method

Thioamides have been widely used in the fields of medicine and organic chemistry, some of which are essential bioactive compounds, plant protection agents, and drugs. It could also be used as a vulcanizing agent, an additive to lubricants and greases, and a ligand in organic synthesis. Usually, thioamide is synthesized at high temperatures or in the microwave using an expensive noble metal complex as catalysts. This paper presented a straightforward method for synthesizing thioamides by using N-tert-butylsulfinyl amide, aldehyde, and sulfur. The reaction was carried out in water, which is an environmentally friendly solvent. The reaction selectivity and yield were up to 89%.

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