Qualification and Deployment of the Highest Power ESP in the World

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisela Rojas ◽  
Andrew Merlino ◽  
David Liney ◽  
Lawrence Obst ◽  
Matthew Kotteman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
System Integration ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hydrocarbon Production ◽  
Pump Design ◽  
Artificial Lift ◽  
Readiness Level

Abstract This paper provides an overview of the qualification process of the highest power ESP ever installed into a hydrocarbon production system for artificial lift. The unit was selected and configured to interface with the existing deepwater offshore inflow and outflow systems without changes to the completion string or riser. The overall objective was to maximize the production capacity in terms of lift and flow rate given topsides power supply and running diameter constraints. The initial requirement was to identify a suitable supplier that could provide a hardware solution with a high technical readiness level. The team first reviewed the hydraulic performance of the existing production systems and modeled the potential for improvement with the new equipment configuration given an expected efficiency and power factor for the proposed motor. The ESP equipment was configured with components that had multiple qualification and validation testing requirements. The motor and associated high voltage connector were key differences from the existing systems. The pump design was modified to accommodate projected operating ranges including additional stages for the necessary head requirements. The new subcomponents were subjected to application specific testing to qualify the designs for operating conditions with multiple technical assurance reviews conducted by the end user and supplier company technical discipline authorities. Full scale flow testing at a dedicated facility (Gasmer) for Caisson gas/liquid separator ESP systems, and component installation stackup tests for fit and interfaces were completed to validate the performance in multiphase flow and identify hardware changes needed for the completion design and the intervention procedures. The qualification program was completed successfully, and a unit was deployed without incident, into a deepwater mudline caisson that has since been operated for live hydrocarbon production. The performance has met expectations and the unit efficiency and demonstrated capacity will allow for increased production. The use of a detailed qualification program that includes focused testing for individual system components and validation through full scale system integration testing ensures flawless deployment of technology improvements for critical well applications. The system is the highest power ESP for hydrocarbon production. It includes a novel completion design to accommodate the effective running diameter for the motor. The use of a unique shroud design to stay within running diameter constraints allowed for minor modifications to the completion string design without system changes to the riser or caisson. This was both cost effective and reduced the time needed for development and manufacturing.

scholarly journals Review on Economic Load Dispatch and Associated Artificial Intelligence Algorithms

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
Swati Jain ◽  
Dr Krishna Teeth Chaturvedi
Keyword(s):  
Power Flow ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Optimal Power Flow ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Total Load ◽  
Active And Reactive Power ◽  
Fuel Costs

In a practical power system, power plants are not equidistant from the distribution center and their fuel cost is different. Under normal operating conditions, the production capacity is even greater than the required total load and losses. Therefore, there are many options for planning the build. In an interconnected network, the objective is to determine the planning of the active and reactive power of each system in order to minimize operating costs. This means that the active and reactive power of the generator can vary within certain limits in order to cover a certain load requirement with minimal fuel costs. This is called the optimal power flow problem. This paper provides an overview of AI-based algorithms, genetic algorithms and their applications with cost-effective charge transport.

Pilot Trial of New ES-HR-PCP Technology for Heavy Oil Reservoir

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasanna Mali ◽  
Abdulmuhsen Yousef Abdulmuhsen Hashim Al-Ali ◽  
Srinivas Rao Kommaraju ◽  
Ali Mussaed Al-Rushoud ◽  
Jignesh Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Oil Reservoirs ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Free Gas ◽  
Strategic Objective ◽  
Artificial Lift ◽  
Heavy Oil Reservoirs

Abstract Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) has a vast pool of heavy oil reservoirs. Cost-effective artificial lift technologies, are required to produce these reservoirs, optimally. With this strategic objective, pilot of newly developed ‘ES-HR-PCP’ (Electrical Submersible Hydraulically Regulated PCP) technology, is carried out in KOC. Scope of this technical paper is to highlight significance of this technology and to share results of our pilot studies, which are carried out to maximize cold heavy oil production. With regard to our methodology, initially, techno-economic evaluation of ‘ES-HR-PCP’ system, is carried out. Selected well for the pilot, is having horizontal completion, with 3-1/2″ tubing and 7″ casing. Perforation is at 1900 feet MD (TVD at 686 feet). Oil API gravity is 17. Target liquid production rate is 200 b/d. After finalization of design, pilot of ‘ES-HR-PCP’ system is commissioned and pump performance is monitored for 6 months. Results are analyzed to determine success of the pilot. This study is based on actual field implementation and does not include lab studies. Technology evaluation has shown that ‘ES-HR-PCP’ system has definite edge over conventional PCP system. Standard PCP can handle only 25% of free gas; while ‘ES-HR-PCP’ can handle 90% of free gas, due to its unique design concept. ‘ES-HR-PCP’ system uses electric cable (and not sucker rods) and down- hole permanent magnet motor (PMM), to transmit power. PMM system can deliver more production, at higher speed; while expending less power. All these factors enable ‘ES-HR-PCP’, to be installed, near to the perforation zone, especially, in horizontal wells, thereby, allowing to attain lowest possible pump intake pressure and maximize production. During the pilot, peak liquid rate of 270 b/d (at 220 rpm), is achieved with installed ‘ES-HR-PCP’ system. Simulation studies also indicated that this technology could handle more than 40% of free gas, for given operating conditions. It is relevant to note that peak liquid rate of 223 b/d (at 375 rpm), is achieved, when this particular well, was installed with standard PCP, earlier. Substantial savings in power consumption is also witnessed by using ‘ES-HR-PCP’ system. Overall, performance of ‘ES-HR-PCP’ system, is observed highly encouraging during the pilot period. It is inferred from our studies that ‘ES-HR-PCP’ technology can offer distinct advantages over standard PCP, to accomplish, enhanced oil gain, operational flexibility and savings in operating expenses. Findings of this study can serve, as a valuable reference, for effective exploitation of heavy oil reservoirs of similar nature.

Evaluation of the performance of full-scale packed saturators

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
M. Valade ◽  
D. Nickols ◽  
J. Haarhoff ◽  
K. Barrett ◽  
H. Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Comprehensive Model ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Saturator Efficiency ◽  
Effective Saturation ◽  
Saturation Systems

An evaluation of the performance of full-scale packed saturators was made. Measurements of saturator effluent air concentrations, saturator efficiency and precipitated are reported for both cold water and warm water operating conditions. Packed saturators were analyzed over a full range of operating pressures and loading rates. Measured results compared to predicted results based on a comprehensive model for the performance of packed saturators prove the model to be a useful tool in designing efficient and cost effective saturation systems.

Integrated fixed-film activated sludge ANITA™Mox process – a new perspective for advanced nitrogen removal

2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 915-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Veuillet ◽  
S. Lacroix ◽  
A. Bausseron ◽  
E. Gonidec ◽  
J. Ochoa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Bulk Liquid ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Fixed Film

ANITA™Mox is a Veolia process using moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) technology tested and validated in full-scale for energy- and cost-effective autotrophic N-removal from sidestream effluent using anammox (ANaerobic AMMonium OXidation) bacteria. In order to increase the ANITA™Mox process performances under different operating conditions (e.g. mainstream and sidestream application), substrate transport and accessibility inside the biofilm must be enhanced. In this work, (i) two laboratory scale biofilm ANITA™Mox reactors were operated using different configurations (IFAS – integrated fixed-film activated sludge – and MBBR) and (ii) the distribution of the anammox (AnAOB) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in the suspended sludge and the biofilm was characterized using molecular tools (qPCR). This study showed that in IFAS configuration, the ANITA™Mox process achieved very high N-removal rate (up to 8 gN/m².d), which was three to four times higher than that achieved in the pure MBBR mode. The high concentration of suspended solids (mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS)) in the bulk obtained within the IFAS mode induces a very efficient bacterial distribution between the AOB and AnAOB population. AnAOB activity mainly occurs in the biofilm (96% of total AnAOB in the reactor), whereas nitritation by AOB mostly takes place in the suspended phase (93% of total AOB). This spatial distribution observed in the IFAS reactor results from a natural selection due to more easily substrate accessibility for AOB in the bulk (NH4+, O2) creating higher nitrite concentration in the bulk liquid compare to pure MBBR mode. The efficient control of MLSS level in the IFAS reactor is a key parameter to enhance the nitrite production by AOB and increase the substrate availability in the AnAOB-enriched biofilm leading to higher N-removal rate. These promising results obtained at laboratory scale have been further confirmed in on-going full-scale IFAS ANITA™Mox trials opening new roads for the widespread application of a very compact and robust ANITA™Mox process for sidestream but also mainstream cost-effective N-removal.

Mineral/microfibrillated cellulose composite materials: High performance products, applications, and product forms

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (09) ◽  
pp. 507-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Skuse ◽  
Mark Windebank ◽  
Tafadzwa Motsi ◽  
Guillaume Tellier
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Aqueous Suspension ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Wet Strength ◽  
Product Forms ◽  
Cellulose Composite

When pulp and minerals are co-processed in aqueous suspension, the mineral acts as a grinding aid, facilitating the cost-effective production of fibrils. Furthermore, this processing allows the utilization of robust industrial milling equipment. There are 40000 dry metric tons of mineral/microfbrillated (MFC) cellulose composite production capacity in operation across three continents. These mineral/MFC products have been cleared by the FDA for use as a dry and wet strength agent in coated and uncoated food contact paper and paperboard applications. We have previously reported that use of these mineral/MFC composite materials in fiber-based applications allows generally improved wet and dry mechanical properties with concomitant opportunities for cost savings, property improvements, or grade developments and that the materials can be prepared using a range of fibers and minerals. Here, we: (1) report the development of new products that offer improved performance, (2) compare the performance of these new materials with that of a range of other nanocellulosic material types, (3) illustrate the performance of these new materials in reinforcement (paper and board) and viscosification applications, and (4) discuss product form requirements for different applications.

CAD Of Anticorrosive Protection Of Steel Structures

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-23
Keyword(s):  
Protective Coating ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Computational Tool ◽  
Protection Method ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Aided Design

The choice of cost-effective method of anticorrosive protection of steel structures is an urgent and time consuming task, considering the significant number of protection ways, differing from each other in the complex of technological, physical, chemical and economic characteristics. To reduce the complexity of solving this problem, the author proposes a computational tool that can be considered as a subsystem of computer-aided design and used at the stage of variant and detailed design of steel structures. As a criterion of the effectiveness of the anti-corrosion protection method, the cost of the protective coating during the service life is accepted. The analysis of existing methods of steel protection against corrosion is performed, the possibility of their use for the protection of the most common steel structures is established, as well as the estimated period of effective operation of the coating. The developed computational tool makes it possible to choose the best method of protection of steel structures against corrosion, taking into account the operating conditions of the protected structure and the possibility of using a protective coating.

Infrared Emission Spectroscopy as a Reliability Tool

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Kim ◽  
S. Kayali
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Emission Spectroscopy ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Infrared Emission ◽  
Test System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Yield Enhancement ◽  
Infrared Emission Spectroscopy ◽  
Channel Temperature

Abstract In this paper, we report on a non-destructive technique, based on IR emission spectroscopy, for measuring the temperature of a hot spot in the gate channel of a GaAs metal/semiconductor field effect transistor (MESFET). A submicron-size He-Ne laser provides the local excitation of the gate channel and the emitted photons are collected by a spectrophotometer. Given the state of our experimental test system, we estimate a spectral resolution of approximately 0.1 Angstroms and a spatial resolution of approximately 0.9 μm, which is up to 100 times finer spatial resolution than can be obtained using the best available passive IR systems. The temperature resolution (<0.02 K/μm in our case) is dependent upon the spectrometer used and can be further improved. This novel technique can be used to estimate device lifetimes for critical applications and measure the channel temperature of devices under actual operating conditions. Another potential use is cost-effective prescreening for determining the 'hot spot' channel temperature of devices under normal operating conditions, which can further improve device design, yield enhancement, and reliable operation. Results are shown for both a powered and unpowered MESFET, demonstrating the strength of our infrared emission spectroscopy technique as a reliability tool.

A Critical Look into the Deviation of Full Scale Performance from Design Expectations

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 1389-1402 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Zaloum
Keyword(s):  
Expert Systems ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Uniform Load ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Simulation Techniques ◽  
Steady Level

Deviations from design expectations appear to stem from views which assume that a unique response should result from a given set of operating conditions. The results of this study showed that two systems operating at equal organic loads or F/M ratios and at the same SRT do not necessarily give equal responses. This deviation was linked to the manner in which the HRT and influent COD are manipulated to obtain a constant or uniform load, and to subtle interactions between influent COD, HRT and SRT on the biomass and effluent responses. Increases of up to 200% in influent COD from one steady level to the next did not significantly influence the effluent VSS concentration while an effect on filtered COD was observed for increases as low as 20%. Effluent TKN and filtered COD correlated strongly with the operating MLVSS while phosphorus residual depended on the operating SRT and the organic load removed. These results point to the inadequacy of traditional models to predict effluent quality and point to the need to consider these effects when developing simulation techniques or computer assisted expert systems for the control of waste treatment plants.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Assessment to Highlight the Environmental Burdens of Early Potato Production

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 879
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Timpanaro ◽  
Ferdinando Branca ◽  
Mariarita Cammarata ◽  
Giacomo Falcone ◽  
Alessandro Scuderi
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
Production Models ◽  
Real Performance

Climate change, food security, and the protection of the planet’s resources require the adoption of sustainable production models. Achieving sustainable development in the agri-food sector enables the creation of new opportunities for operators, guiding farmers towards more environmentally friendly practices and offering cost-effective results. Organic farming paradigms are promoted by the transformation of some harmful practices of conventional agriculture, such as the wide use of chemical products of synthesis, the deep workings that favor the erosive processes, the excessive use of nitrogenous fertilizers. There are still gaps in the knowledge of the real performance of some products that strongly support the local economic system of Sicily (Italy). The research aims to highlight the differences in environmental impact caused by the cultivation of organic early potatoes compared to the conventional regime and the same per kg of product obtained. To this end, the widely used methodology for comparing the environmental impacts of agricultural production systems is the Life Cycle Assessment, which allows us to highlight the phases in which environmental criticalities are most concentrated. An interesting agroecological picture of knowledge emerges, since organic farming is by definition an ecological model that supports the principles of the Green Deal, it often requires interventions to improve the yields obtained in order to achieve a positive result both in terms of cultivated surface and kg of product obtained.

scholarly journals Removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater: a comprehensive and critical review

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naef A. A. Qasem ◽  
Ramy H. Mohammed ◽  
Dahiru U. Lawal
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Large Volume ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sludge Formation ◽  
Metals Removal

AbstractRemoval of heavy metal ions from wastewater is of prime importance for a clean environment and human health. Different reported methods were devoted to heavy metal ions removal from various wastewater sources. These methods could be classified into adsorption-, membrane-, chemical-, electric-, and photocatalytic-based treatments. This paper comprehensively and critically reviews and discusses these methods in terms of used agents/adsorbents, removal efficiency, operating conditions, and the pros and cons of each method. Besides, the key findings of the previous studies reported in the literature are summarized. Generally, it is noticed that most of the recent studies have focused on adsorption techniques. The major obstacles of the adsorption methods are the ability to remove different ion types concurrently, high retention time, and cycling stability of adsorbents. Even though the chemical and membrane methods are practical, the large-volume sludge formation and post-treatment requirements are vital issues that need to be solved for chemical techniques. Fouling and scaling inhibition could lead to further improvement in membrane separation. However, pre-treatment and periodic cleaning of membranes incur additional costs. Electrical-based methods were also reported to be efficient; however, industrial-scale separation is needed in addition to tackling the issue of large-volume sludge formation. Electric- and photocatalytic-based methods are still less mature. More attention should be drawn to using real wastewaters rather than synthetic ones when investigating heavy metals removal. Future research studies should focus on eco-friendly, cost-effective, and sustainable materials and methods.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document