Successful Installations and Predictable Performance of Solid Expandable Drilling Liner in Greater Ekofisk Field, Offshore North Sea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eko Awan Fitnawan ◽  
Bjørn Holien ◽  
Harald Nevøy
Keyword(s):  
Design Strategy ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Hole Size ◽  
Lost Circulation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Track Record ◽  
Well Design ◽  
Collapse Resistance ◽  
Installation Time

Abstract Drilling the lower overburden section in specific parts of the Greater Ekofisk Area (GEA) fields can be very troublesome. Wells in these parts may intersect shales with high gas content in the upper section (requiring high mud weight) and unstable zones with massive lost circulation risk (requiring low mud weight) near the base of the interval. These challenges have raised the need for a contingency drilling liner to "split" the section in two parts. Rather than changing the basic well design, the operator fronted the development of an 8-5/8″ expandable drilling liner with high collapse resistance for this purpose. This string provides 8.514″ post-expansion drift ID that accommodate an 8 ½″ bit size for the reservoir section, which is critical for GEA well design strategy. In the past five years, the operator has successfully installed 31 800 ft of 8-5/8″ expandable liner in 27 different wellbores with near perfect track record. The average liner length installed is 1 140 ft per wellbore, with an average installation time of 2.8 rig days. The solid expandable tubular (SET) drilling liner has been utilized both as part of the planned well design and as contingency liner. It has, on occasions, been worked down with parameters outside the stated specifications and still been successfully expanded afterwards. The 8-5/8″ expandable liner is now a proven system and has been one of the key enablers to achieve well objectives by maintaining hole size in a predictable manner. It provides a better drilling window for reservoir drilling and reservoir liner cementing compared to a conventional 7-3/4″ liner alternative. It also enables further contingency solutions in case other difficulties arise in the reservoir section. This technical paper describes how the operator in the overcame a significant geological challenge by working with an expandable pipe supplier to develop a unique size and strength of expandable liner that fits with the base case GEA well design. The paper also reviews the installation experiences, associated risks, performance, and key learnings with expandable liners.

Determining Hole Size and Washout by Running a Fluid Caliper, for Cementing Purposes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Scott Ellison ◽  
Charles Ralph Ellison ◽  
Mike Davis ◽  
Carl Bird ◽  
Ryan J. Broglie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Error ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Hole Size ◽  
Permian Basin ◽  
Lost Circulation ◽  
Well Design ◽  
Downhole Tool

Abstract This paper describes the procedure to perform a fluid caliper and how by using fluid dynamics concepts, average hole size can accurately be determined, helping to derive the amount of hole washout and the appropriate amount of cement needed to circulate or achieve desired cement height. This process has been successfully performed on over 40,000 Permian Basin wells in West Texas and Eastern New Mexico, as well as numerous other basins in the United States. This includes vertical, directional, and horizontal wells of varying hole sizes and depths, from surface to production hole. This paper will provide real world examples, discussion of geological formations encountered, drilling fluids used, and the ultimate benefit a fluid caliper provided each operator through the accurate estimation of cement volume for the reduction of waste and satisfaction of well design and regulatory requirements. This paper will demonstrate that fluid calipers add to the operational efficiency of most drilling operations and should be considered a "Best Practice" for most drilling programs as their use can greatly limit the need to remediate a cement job necessitating additional downhole tool runs, wasting additional valuable rig time. Also, to be addressed are the limitations of fluid calipers including lost circulation, turbulent flow, and human error. Cementing is an integral part of the process to ensure wellbore longevity, requiring increased attention. Field practice of pumping nut plug, dye, or other markers to estimate required volumes is outdated and inaccurate. This paper will clearly identify the reasons why the modern fluid caliper is aligned with today's heightened focus on ESG. Environmentally, fluid calipers determine the proper amount of cement to prevent waste. Regarding safety, fluid calipers help ensure the operator pumps accurate cement volumes to cover corrosive and/or productive zones to prevent unwanted annular influx, and referring to governance, fluid calipers help the operator pump adequate cement volumes to satisfy well construction regulations.

Wellhead Design Enables Offline Cementing and a Shift in Operational Efficiency

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (05) ◽  
pp. 68-69
Author(s):  
Chris Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Operational Efficiency ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Lost Circulation ◽  
Well Design ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Tubing Hanger ◽  
Column Pressure

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 202439, “Pushing Malaysia’s Drilling Industry Into a New Frontier: How a Distinctive Wellhead Design Enabled Implementation of a Fully Offline Well Cementing Resulting in a Significant Shift in Operational Efficiency,” by Fauzi Abbas and Azrynizam M. Nor, Vestigo, and Daryl Chang, Cameron, a Schlumberger Company, prepared for the 2020 SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition, originally scheduled to be held in Perth, Australia, 20–22 October. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Traditionally, rigs are positioned over a well from the moment the surface casing is drilled until the installation of the wellhead tree. This results in the loss of precious time as the rig idles during online cementing. However, in mature Field A offshore Terengganu, Malaysia, a new approach eliminated such inefficiency dramatically. Operational Planning With oil production in Field A initiated in October 2015, historical data on well lithology, formation pressure, and potential issues during drilling were available and were studied to ensure that wells would not experience lost circulation. This preplanning is crucial to ensure that the offline cementing activity meets the operator’s barrier requirements. Petronas Procedures and Guidelines for Upstream Activities (PPGUA 4.0) was used for the development of five subject wells in Field A. In this standard, two well barriers are required during all well activities, including for suspended wells, to prevent uncontrolled outflow from the well to the external environment. For Field A, two barrier types, mechanical and fluid, allowed by PPGUA 4.0 were selected to complement the field’s geological conditions. As defined in PPGUA 4.0, the fluid barrier is the hydrostatic column pressure, which exceeds the flow zone pore pressure, while the mechanical barrier is an element that achieves sealing in the wellbore, such as plugs. The fluid barrier was used because the wells in Field A were not known to have circulation losses. For the development of Field A, the selected rig featured a light-duty crane to assist with equipment spotting on the platform. Once barriers and rig selection are finalized, planning out the drill sequence for rig skidding is imperative. Space required by drillers, cementers, and equipment are among the considerations that affect rig-skid sequence, as well as the necessity of increased manpower. Offline Cementing Equipment and Application In Field A, the casing program was 9⅝×7×3½ in. with a slimhole well design. The wellhead used was a monobore wellhead system with quick connectors. The standard 11-in. nominal wellhead design was used for the wells with no modifications required. All three sections of the casing program were offline cemented. They were the 9⅝-in. surface casing, 7-in. production casing, and 3½-in. tubing. The 9⅝-in. surface casing is threaded to the wellhead housing and was run and landed with the last casing joint. Subsequent wellhead 7-in. casing hangers and a 3½-in. tubing hanger then were run and landed into the compact housing.

scholarly journals Measuring Job Performance of The Economic Creative Business upon Women Enterpreneurs Base (Case Study at Online Bunda Community Bogor Branch Using Balance Scorecard Approach)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Indar Khaerunnisa
Keyword(s):  
Job Performance ◽  
Online Community ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Balance Scorecard ◽  
The Past ◽  
Financial Perspective ◽  
Coverage Measurement

Balance scorecard has a privilege in terms of coverage measurement whichis a fairly comprehensive because while taking into consideration the financialperformance. Balance scorecard also consider the performance of non-financialperformance, namely customer, internal business processes, and learning and growth.Referring to the problems encountered by Member of Bunda Online Community, thisresearch examines: "Analysis of Company's Performance by Using BalancedScorecard Approach (A Case Study Economic Creative Entrepreneur at Bunda OnlineCommunity)." Because until now Bunda Online Community has not been using thebalanced scorecard to measure its job performance. The population of this study arepermanent employees and 100 samples are taken as respondents. As for thecustomer respondents specified by 52 respondents total reseller and costumer inBogor is only 52 reseller and costumer, however, it has obtained only 30 respondentswho participated. Data used in this study are primary and secondary data. Based onthe research and analysis, it can be concluded several things as the following: 1) Theperformance of the financial perspective on Economic Creative Entrepreneur in BundaOnline Community as a whole can be inferred or quite enough, in general financialratios increased except ROA and TATO. 2) The performance of the customerperspective on Economic Creative Entrepreneur in Bunda Online Community as awhole can be inferred bad, because of poor customer satisfaction in the company'sability to maintain customer retention is also bad while in the company's ability to docustomer acquisition is medium. 3) The performance of internal business processperspective on Economic Creative Entrepreneur in Bunda Online Community isenough, because innovation occurs only once during the past two years and there isnot declining operating activities due to consistent time on the production clothingprocess. 4) The performance of learning and growth perspective in the EconomicCreative Entrepreneur in Bunda Online Community may be concluded either onaspects of employee turnover or both criteria which decreasing employee productivity.Level of employee satisfaction is concluded less satisfied.

scholarly journals Modeled and observed ozone sensitivity to mobile-source emissions in Mexico City

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zavala ◽  
W. Lei ◽  
M. J. Molina ◽  
L. T. Molina
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Emission Control ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Mobile Source ◽  
Historical Trends ◽  
Emission Reductions ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
The Past

Abstract. The emission characteristics of mobile sources in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) have changed significantly over the past few decades in response to emission control policies, advancements in vehicle technologies and improvements in fuel quality, among others. Along with these changes, concurrent non-linear changes in photochemical levels and criteria pollutants have been observed, providing a unique opportunity to understand the effects of perturbations of mobile emission levels on the photochemistry in the region using observational and modeling approaches. The observed historical trends of ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) suggest that ozone production in the MCMA has changed from a low to a high VOC-sensitive regime over a period of 20 years. Comparison of the historical emission trends of CO, NOx and hydrocarbons derived from mobile-source emission studies in the MCMA from 1991 to 2006 with the trends of the concentrations of CO, NOx, and the CO/NOx ratio during peak traffic hours also indicates that fuel-based fleet average emission factors have significantly decreased for CO and VOCs during this period whereas NOx emission factors do not show any strong trend, effectively reducing the ambient VOC/NOx ratio. This study presents the results of model analyses on the sensitivity of the observed ozone levels to the estimated historical changes in its precursors. The model sensitivity analyses used a well-validated base case simulation of a high pollution episode in the MCMA with the mathematical Decoupled Direct Method (DDM) and the standard Brute Force Method (BFM) in the 3-D CAMx chemical transport model. The model reproduces adequately the observed historical trends and current photochemical levels. Comparison of the BFM and the DDM sensitivity techniques indicates that the model yields ozone values that increase linearly with NOx emission reductions and decrease linearly with VOC emission reductions only up to 30% from the base case. We further performed emissions perturbations from the gasoline fleet, diesel fleet, all mobile (gasoline plus diesel) and all emission sources (anthropogenic plus biogenic). The results suggest that although large ozone reductions obtained in the past were from changes in emissions from gasoline vehicles, currently significant benefits could be achieved with additional emission control policies directed to regulation of VOC emissions from diesel and area sources that are high emitters of alkenes, aromatics and aldehydes.

The Changing of the Guard: Planning for Succession at Madison Children's Foundation (B)

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Liz Livingston Howard
Keyword(s):  
Board Members ◽  
Ceo Succession ◽  
Leadership Succession ◽  
Senior Managers ◽  
Skill Sets ◽  
Succession Plan ◽  
The Past ◽  
Track Record ◽  
External Stakeholders ◽  
Succession Process

In mid-2008, David Miller, the CEO of the Madison Children's Foundation (MCF), is beginning to contemplate the future of the organization. As the founding CEO, Miller has been the face of MCF since its inception in 1993. The foundation has a strong track record of success and has established a reputation as a “change maker” and “partner” in the community, having made grants of more than $60 million to local organizations. Although its grant-making has increased, MCF's staff has not grown over time. The board has changed composition over the past six years, adding more community residents and “working” board members. The board succession plan is fairly well organized, with a nominating committee and a good understanding of skill sets needed and the expectations for board members. However, there is no CEO succession plan. Board members have been raising the question in a non-confrontational manner for the past two or three years, and now Miller believes the time has come to create a CEO succession strategy for MCF. The critical questions raised by this case include: What roles do/should CEOs and boards play in initiating and implementing a leadership succession process? How does the implementation of a leadership succession process affect the senior staff at an organization? How should external stakeholders be engaged in the leadership succession process?To help leaders (paid and volunteer) to better understand the importance of leadership succession planning for their organizations; to provide an understanding of the roles and responsibilities of senior managers in the creation and implementation of a leadership succession process; and to discuss the importance of including internal and external stakeholders in the leadership succession process.

scholarly journals The Chemical Evolution of Light Elements in Our Galaxy

2002 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
N. Prantzos
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Evolution ◽  
Star Formation Rate ◽  
Past History ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Solar Neighborhood ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Disk Galaxies ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Metal Abundances

Progress in the theory of galactic chemical evolution has been very slow and it is only in the solar neighborhood that observations constrain seriously the parameters of the various models. The history revealed on the basis of these data allows only for a small depletion of deuterium (D), less than a factor of 3 from its pregalactic value (Sec. 2.1). The observational data for the rest of the Milky Way disk are much less constraining for the models. They suggest, however, that a much larger astration (and, hence, D depletion) has taken place in the inner Galaxy; the resulting D gradient, measurable by the future FUSE-LYMAN mission, should provide invaluable information as to the past history of the disk (Sec. 2.2). Also, assuming that our Galaxy is a typical spiral, one can calculate the properties of disk galaxies as a function of redshift (in the framework of a given cosmological model) and compare to the observed properties of the extragalactic universe: global star formation rate, gas content and metal abundances in gas clouds. It turns out that D can be considerably depleted in galaxy disks, but only at low redshifts (Sec. 2.3).

Politics and National Minorities: a trade-off between security and justice?

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 298-306
Author(s):  
Walter Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Conflict ◽  
Conflict Prevention ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
The Past ◽  
Track Record ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
High Commissioner

For twenty years, the OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities has worked to prevent inter-ethnic conflict. While there are those that have argued that the High Commissioner has ‘securitized’ minority issues by putting too much emphasis on security rather than justice, the past 20 years of the High Commissioner have shown a track record characterised by conflict prevention and “desecuritization”.

Integrated wellbore-quality and risk-assessment study guides successful drilling in Amazon jungle

Geophysics ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. E99-E105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azra N. Tutuncu ◽  
Mikhail Geilikman ◽  
Brent Couzens ◽  
Floris van Duyvenboode
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Trajectory Optimization ◽  
Horizontal Stress ◽  
Rock Properties ◽  
Borehole Stability ◽  
Hole Cleaning ◽  
Lost Circulation ◽  
Assessment Study ◽  
Well Design ◽  
Fracture Gradient

Significant lost-circulation and wellbore-instability problems in the form of bit balling, stuck pipe, and adverse mud-shale interactions have been experienced in wells drilled prior to the study at three prospects in the Amazon jungle. An integrated borehole-stability and risk-assessment study has been carried out to enable successful drilling by optimizing borehole fluid pressures and predicting safe openhole times in various troublesome zones. The guidelines for hole-cleaning parameters and well-trajectory optimization have been obtained using improved fracture gradient and horizontal stress-anisotropy proprietary models based on special drill-cuttings data. Monopole and dipole sonic and imaging logs along with drilling data from the prospect wellshave been used to determine in-situ stresses, rock properties, andformation strength. These parameters have been utilized in borehole stability, hole cleaning, and open-hole time analyses for a comprehensive risk assessment and for selection of the optimum wellpath and drilling design. The wellbore pressures required for borehole stability turned out to be the highest for vertical wells and lowest for the horizontal ones, making drilling of highly deviated and horizontal wells attractive for the prospects. As a result, a wellpath with high deviation in the direction of maximum horizontal stress has been recommended as the most stable choice. The recommendations have been incorporated in the well design and implemented in the field with real-time borehole stability monitoring to result in successful drilling and efficient project economics.

scholarly journals Modeled and observed ozone sensitivity to mobile-source emissions in Mexico City

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 14991-15030 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zavala ◽  
W. F. Lei ◽  
M. J. Molina ◽  
L. T. Molina
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Emission Control ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Mobile Source ◽  
Historical Trends ◽  
Emission Reductions ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
The Past

Abstract. The emission characteristics of mobile sources in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) have changed significantly over the past few decades in response to emission control policies, advancements in vehicle technologies and improvements in fuel quality, among others. Along with these changes, concurrent non-linear changes in photochemical levels and criteria pollutants have been observed, providing a unique opportunity to understand the effects of perturbations of mobile emission levels on the photochemistry in the region using observational and modeling approaches. The observed historical trends of ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) suggest that ozone production in the MCMA has changed from a low to a high VOC-sensitive regime over a period of 20 years. Comparison of the historical emission trends of CO, NOx and hydrocarbons derived from mobile-source emission studies in the MCMA from 1991 to 2006 with the trends of the concentrations of CO, NOx, and the CO/NOx ratio during peak traffic hours also indicates that fuel-based fleet average emission factors have significantly decreased for CO and VOCs during this period whereas NOx emission factors do not show any strong trend, effectively reducing the ambient VOC/NOx ratio. This study presents the results of model analyses on the sensitivity of the observed ozone levels to the estimated historical changes in its precursors. The model sensitivity analyses used a well-validated base case simulation of a high pollution episode in the MCMA with the mathematical Decoupled Direct Method (DDM) and the standard Brute Force Method (BFM) in the 3-D CAMx chemical transport model. The model reproduces adequately the observed historical trends and current photochemical levels. Comparison of the BFM and the DDM sensitivity techniques indicates that the model yields ozone values that increase linearly with NOx emission reductions and decrease linearly with VOC emission reductions only up to 30% from the base case. We further performed emissions perturbations from the gasoline fleet, diesel fleet, all mobile (gasoline plus diesel) and all emission sources (anthropogenic plus biogenic). The results suggest that although large ozone reductions obtained in the past were from changes in emissions from gasoline vehicles, currently significant benefits could be achieved with additional emission control policies directed to regulation of VOC emissions from diesel and area sources that are high emitters of alkenes, aromatics and aldehydes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document