A Pilot-Scale Evaluation of Natural Gas-Based Foam at Elevated Pressure and Temperature Conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Griffin Beck ◽  
Swanand Bhagwat ◽  
Carolyn Day ◽  
Emilio Gordon ◽  
Chris Daeffler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Elevated Pressure ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Scale Evaluation ◽  
Temperature Conditions

Pilot-Scale Evaluation of Natural-Gas-Based Foam at High Pressures, Temperatures

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (06) ◽  
pp. 60-61
Author(s):  
Chris Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Base Fluid ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Foaming Agent ◽  
Scale Evaluation ◽  
Fracturing Fluids ◽  
Water Based

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 201611, “A Pilot-Scale Evaluation of Natural-Gas-Based Foam at Elevated Pressure and Temperature Conditions,” by Griffin Beck, Swanand Bhagwat, and Carolyn Day, Southwest Research Institute, et al., prepared for the 2020 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, originally scheduled to be held in Denver, 5–7 October. The paper has not been peer reviewed. The complete paper presents recent results from a rigorous pilot-scale demonstration of natural-gas (NG) foam over a range of operating scenarios relevant to surface and bottomhole conditions with a variety of base-fluid mixtures. The NG foams explored in these investigations exhibited typical shear-thinning behavior observed in rheological studies of nitrogen- (N2) and carbon-dioxide- (CO2) based foams. The measured viscosity and observed stability indicate that NG foams are well-suited for fracturing applications. Test Facilities Two test facilities were used to explore properties of NG foams at a variety of relevant operating conditions to determine whether NG foam is a suitable alternative to typical water-based fracturing fluids. Pilot-Scale Foam-Test Facility. The pilot-scale foam-test facility (PFTF) is a single-pass pilot plant used to generate and characterize foams at conditions relevant to surface and reservoir conditions. The facility is capable of generating aqueous and oil-based foams using a variety of gases for the internal phase [e.g., methane (CH4), N2, and CO2]. Foams can be characterized at pressures up to 7,500 psi and temperatures up to 300°F. A key benefit of the PFTF is that it can be used to demonstrate new or challenging foaming processes before large-scale or field demonstrations. Further, these processes can be evaluated at conditions relevant to the final application. The test facility consists of three subsystems: a base-fluid system to pressurize and heat the liquid/viscosifier/surfactant mixture, a gas system to pressurize and heat the liquefied gas stream, and the foam test sections to measure various fluid properties of the NG foam. Laboratory Foam-Test Facility. Tests performed on the PFTF were limited to foams generated with pure CH4 and tap water. Additional laboratory tests were conducted to investigate the effects of multiconstituent natural gas mixtures and produced water on foam stability. For these tests, the aqueous base fluid for the foam half-life and foam rheology experiments was prepared from either de-ionized water, tap water, or a synthetic produced water based on a water sample from the Permian Basin. Foam fracturing fluids also typically contain a gelling agent and a foaming agent. The gel was prepared by slow addition of guar to a stirred water sample followed by 30 minutes of mixing to ensure complete hydration. The foaming agent was added and stirred in gently. Three foaming agents were used in this study: anionic Foamer A, nonionic Foamer B, and zwitterionic Foamer C.

Pilot-scale Evaluation of AirPrex® for Digestate Treatment

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-138
Author(s):  
Blair Wisdom ◽  
Brad Van Anderson ◽  
Isaac Avila ◽  
Troy Gottschalk ◽  
Kurt Carson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Scale Evaluation

scholarly journals Investigation of Co–Fe–Al Catalysts for High-Calorific Synthetic Natural Gas Production: Pilot-Scale Synthesis of Catalysts

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Tae Young Kim ◽  
Seong Bin Jo ◽  
Jin Hyeok Woo ◽  
Jong Heon Lee ◽  
Ragupathy Dhanusuraman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Spinel Phase ◽  
Space Velocity ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Synthetic Natural Gas ◽  
Co Conversion ◽  
Ft Ir

Co–Fe–Al catalysts prepared using coprecipitation at laboratory scale were investigated and extended to pilot scale for high-calorific synthetic natural gas. The Co–Fe–Al catalysts with different metal loadings were analyzed using BET, XRD, H2-TPR, and FT-IR. An increase in the metal loading of the Co–Fe–Al catalysts showed low spinel phase ratio, leading to an improvement in reducibility. Among the catalysts, 40CFAl catalyst prepared at laboratory scale afforded the highest C2–C4 hydrocarbon time yield, and this catalyst was successfully reproduced at the pilot scale. The pelletized catalyst prepared at pilot scale showed high CO conversion (87.6%), high light hydrocarbon selectivity (CH4 59.3% and C2–C4 18.8%), and low byproduct amounts (C5+: 4.1% and CO2: 17.8%) under optimum conditions (space velocity: 4000 mL/g/h, 350 °C, and 20 bar).

Demonstration of 0.1 MWth pilot-scale pressurized oxy-fuel combustion for unpurified natural gas without CO2 dilution

Energy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 223 ◽  
pp. 120021
Author(s):  
Donghee Kim ◽  
Won Yang ◽  
Kang Y. Huh ◽  
Youngjae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Fuel Combustion

Pilot-scale evaluation of concentrated piperazine for CO2 capture at an Australian coal-fired power station: Nitrosamine measurements

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 256-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashleigh Cousins ◽  
Paul T. Nielsen ◽  
Sanger Huang ◽  
Rob Rowland ◽  
Bill Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Capture ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Scale Evaluation ◽  
Australian Coal

Nanocomposite hollow fiber nanofiltration membranes: Fabrication, characterization, and pilot‐scale evaluation for surface water treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 136 (45) ◽  
pp. 48205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulsum Melike Urper‐Bayram ◽  
Burcu Sayinli ◽  
Reyhan Sengur‐Tasdemir ◽  
Turker Turken ◽  
Enise Pekgenc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Hollow Fiber ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Nanofiltration Membranes ◽  
Scale Evaluation ◽  
Surface Water Treatment
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