Comprehensive Analysis of Water Cut Metering Accuracies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Castrup
Keyword(s):  
Uncertainty Analysis ◽  
Enhanced Recovery ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Ultrasonic Spectroscopy ◽  
Monitoring Method ◽  
Water Cut ◽  
Accuracy Assessments ◽  
Density Methods

Abstract Accurate oil production monitoring is essential for scheduling well work and optimizing the economic performance of primary and enhanced recovery projects. The significance of water cut monitoring accuracy on oil rate determination is discussed and illustrated. This paper provides a comprehensive uncertainty analysis of several water cut monitoring methods commonly employed by oil field operators. These include liquid sampling, capacitance, microwave, ultrasonic, spectroscopy and density methods. The basic operating principles of each monitoring method are described and measurement uncertainty analysis procedures are employed to identify key parameters that affect the overall accuracy of each water cut monitoring method. The analysis results provide useful accuracy assessments that can be used in water cut meter selection, field testing and implementation.

scholarly journals Cost-efficiency assessments of marine monitoring methods lack rigor—a systematic mapping of literature and an end-user view on optimal cost-efficiency analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 193 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heini Hyvärinen ◽  
Annaliina Skyttä ◽  
Susanna Jernberg ◽  
Kristian Meissner ◽  
Harri Kuosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Actual Cost ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Monitoring Method ◽  
Marine Monitoring ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Cost

AbstractGlobal deterioration of marine ecosystems, together with increasing pressure to use them, has created a demand for new, more efficient and cost-efficient monitoring tools that enable assessing changes in the status of marine ecosystems. However, demonstrating the cost-efficiency of a monitoring method is not straightforward as there are no generally applicable guidelines. Our study provides a systematic literature mapping of methods and criteria that have been proposed or used since the year 2000 to evaluate the cost-efficiency of marine monitoring methods. We aimed to investigate these methods but discovered that examples of actual cost-efficiency assessments in literature were rare, contradicting the prevalent use of the term “cost-efficiency.” We identified five different ways to compare the cost-efficiency of a marine monitoring method: (1) the cost–benefit ratio, (2) comparative studies based on an experiment, (3) comparative studies based on a literature review, (4) comparisons with other methods based on literature, and (5) subjective comparisons with other methods based on experience or intuition. Because of the observed high frequency of insufficient cost–benefit assessments, we strongly advise that more attention is paid to the coverage of both cost and efficiency parameters when evaluating the actual cost-efficiency of novel methods. Our results emphasize the need to improve the reliability and comparability of cost-efficiency assessments. We provide guidelines for future initiatives to develop a cost-efficiency assessment framework and suggestions for more unified cost-efficiency criteria.

scholarly journals A Citizen Science Unmanned Aerial System Data Acquisition Protocol and Deep Learning Techniques for the Automatic Detection and Mapping of Marine Litter Concentrations in the Coastal Zone

Drones ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Apostolos Papakonstantinou ◽  
Marios Batsaris ◽  
Spyros Spondylidis ◽  
Konstantinos Topouzelis
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Automatic Detection ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Monitoring Method ◽  
Marine Litter ◽  
Density Maps ◽  
Learning Techniques

Marine litter (ML) accumulation in the coastal zone has been recognized as a major problem in our time, as it can dramatically affect the environment, marine ecosystems, and coastal communities. Existing monitoring methods fail to respond to the spatiotemporal changes and dynamics of ML concentrations. Recent works showed that unmanned aerial systems (UAS), along with computer vision methods, provide a feasible alternative for ML monitoring. In this context, we proposed a citizen science UAS data acquisition and annotation protocol combined with deep learning techniques for the automatic detection and mapping of ML concentrations in the coastal zone. Five convolutional neural networks (CNNs) were trained to classify UAS image tiles into two classes: (a) litter and (b) no litter. Testing the CCNs’ generalization ability to an unseen dataset, we found that the VVG19 CNN returned an overall accuracy of 77.6% and an f-score of 77.42%. ML density maps were created using the automated classification results. They were compared with those produced by a manual screening classification proving our approach’s geographical transferability to new and unknown beaches. Although ML recognition is still a challenging task, this study provides evidence about the feasibility of using a citizen science UAS-based monitoring method in combination with deep learning techniques for the quantification of the ML load in the coastal zone using density maps.

Uncertainty Analysis of a Giant Oil Field in the Middle East Using Surrogate Reservoir Model

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahab D. Mohaghegh ◽  
Hafez H. Hafez ◽  
Razi Gaskari ◽  
Masoud Haajizadeh ◽  
Maher Kenawy
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Uncertainty Analysis ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Reservoir Model

Using complementary remote detection methods for retrofitted eco-passages: a case study for monitoring individual koalas in south-east Queensland

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 369 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Dexter ◽  
R. G. Appleby ◽  
J. P. Edgar ◽  
J. Scott ◽  
D. N. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Road Construction ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Correlated Data ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Monitoring Method ◽  
Phascolarctos Cinereus ◽  
The Individual

Context Vehicle-strike has been identified as a key threatening process for koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) survival and persistence in Australia. Roads and traffic act as barriers to koala movement and can impact dispersal and metapopulation dynamics. Given the high cost of wildlife mitigation structures such as purpose-built fauna-specific underpasses or overpasses (eco-passages), road construction and management agencies are constantly seeking cost-effective strategies that facilitate safe passage for fauna across roads. Here we report on an array of detection methods trialled to verify use of retrofitted road infrastructure (existing water culverts or bridge underpasses) by individual koalas in fragmented urban landscapes in south-east Queensland. Aims The study examined whether the retrofitting of existing road structures at six sites facilitated safe passage for koalas across roads. Our primary objective was to record utilisation of retrofitted infrastructure at the level of the individual. Methods We used a combination of existing monitoring methods such as GPS/VHF collars, camera traps, sand plots, and RFID tags, along with a newly developed animal-borne wireless identification (WID) tag and datalogging system, specifically designed for this project, to realise the study aims. Key results We were able to verify 130 crossings by koalas involving a retrofitted structure or a road surface over a 30-month period by using correlated data from complementary methods. We noted that crossings were generally uncommon and mostly undertaken by only a subset of our tagged individuals at each site (21% overall). Conclusions An important element of this study was that crossing events could be accurately determined at the level of the individual. This allowed for detailed assessment of eco-passage usage, rather than the more usual approach of simply recording species’ presence. Implications This study underscores the value of identifying the constraints of each individual monitoring method in relation to site conditions. It also highlights the benefits of contingency planning to limit data loss (i.e. using more than one method to collect data). We suggest an approach that uses complementary monitoring methods has significant advantages for researchers, particularly with reference to improving understanding of whether eco-passages are meeting their prescribed conservation goals.

A Success Story in Managing and Optimising Gas Lift Wells in Matured Oil Field: Automated Workflows in Digital Fields as Enablers to Accelerate Opportunities Creation and Production Optimisation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Badzly M. Nazri ◽  
W. M. Anas W. Khairul Anuar ◽  
Lucas Ignatius Avianto Nasution ◽  
Hayati Turiman ◽  
Shar Kawi Hazim Shafie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Model Validation ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Collaborative Working ◽  
Water Cut ◽  
Integrated Operations ◽  
Collaborative Working Environment ◽  
Gas Lift

Abstract Field S located in offshore Malaysia had been producing for more than 30 years with nearly 90% of current active strings dependent on gas lift assistance. Subsurface challenges encountered in this matured field such as management of increasing water-cut, sand production, and depleting reservoir pressure are one of key factors that drive the asset team to continuously monitor the performance of gaslifted wells to ensure better control of production thereby meeting target deliverability of the field. Hence, Gas Lift Optimization (GLOP) campaign was embarked in Field S to accelerate short term production with integration of Gas Lift Management Modules in Integrated Operations (IO). A workflow was created to navigate asset team in this campaign from performing gaslift health check, diagnostic and troubleshooting to data and model validation until execution prior to identification of GLOP candidates with facilitation from digital workflows. Digital Fields and Integrated Operations (IO) developed in Field S provided an efficient collaborative working environment to monitor field performance real time and optimize production continuously. Digital Fields comprises of multiple engineering workflows developed and operationalized to act as enablers for the asset team to quickly identify the low-hanging fruit opportunities. This paper will focus on entire cycle process of digital workflows with engineer's intervention in data hygiene and model validation, the challenges to implement GLOP, and results from the campaign in Field S.

Review of Practical Experience by Polymer Flooding at Daqing

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (03) ◽  
pp. 470-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongmei Wang ◽  
Huanzhong Dong ◽  
Changsen Lv ◽  
Xiaofei Fu ◽  
Jun Nie
Keyword(s):  
Oil Production ◽  
Polymer Flooding ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
High Permeability ◽  
Sweep Efficiency ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Well Spacing ◽  
Polymer Flood ◽  
Daqing Oil Field ◽  
Water Cut

Summary This paper describes successful practices applied during polymer flooding at Daqing that will be of considerable value to future chemical floods, both in China and elsewhere. On the basis of laboratory findings, new concepts have been developed that expand conventional ideas concerning favorable conditions for mobility improvement by polymer flooding. Particular advances integrate reservoir-engineering approaches and technology that is basic for successful application of polymer flooding. These include the following:Proper consideration must be given to the permeability contrast among the oil zones and to interwell continuity, involving the optimum combination of oil strata during flooding and well-pattern design, respectively;Higher polymer molecular weights, a broader range of polymer molecular weights, and higher polymer concentrations are desirable in the injected slugs;The entire polymer-flooding process should be characterized in five stages--with its dynamic behavior distinguished by water-cut changes; -Additional techniques should be considered, such as dynamic monitoring using well logging, well testing, and tracers; effective techniques are also needed for surface mixing, injection facilities, oil production, and produced-water treatment; andContinuous innovation must be a priority during polymer flooding. Introduction China's Daqing oil field entered its ultrahigh-water-cut period after 30 years of exploitation. Just before large-scale polymer-flooding application, the average water-cut was more than 90%. The Daqing oil-field is a large river-delta/lacustrine facies, multilayered with complex geologic conditions and heterogeneous sandstone in an inland basin. After 30 years of waterflooding, many channels and high-permeability streaks were identified in this oil field (Wang and Qian 2002). Laboratory research began in the 1960s, investigating the potential of enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) processes in the Daqing oil field. After a single-injector polymer flood with a small well spacing of 75 m in 1972, polymer flooding was set on pilot test. During the late 1980s, a pilot project in central Daqing was expanded to a multiwell pattern with larger well spacing. Favorable results from these tests--along with extensive research and engineering from the mid-1980s through the 1990s--confirmed that polymer flooding was the preferred method to improve areal- and vertical-sweep efficiency at Daqing and to provide mobility control (Wang et al. 2002, Wang and Liu 2004). Consequently, the world's largest polymer flood was implemented at Daqing, beginning in 1996. By 2007, 22.3% of total production from the Daqing oil field was attributed to polymer flooding. Polymer flooding boosted the ultimate recovery for the field to more than 50% of original oil in place (OOIP)--10 to 12% OOIP more than from waterflooding. At the end of 2007, oil production from polymer flooding at the Daqing oil field was more than 10 million tons (73 million bbl) per year (sustained for 6 years). The focus of this paper is on polymer flooding, in which sweep efficiency is improved by reducing the water/oil mobility ratio in the reservoir. This paper is not concerned with the use of chemical gel treatments, which attempt to block water flow through fractures and high-permeability strata. Applications of chemical gel treatments in China have been covered elsewhere (Liu et al. 2006).

Overcoming Challenges in ESP Operation in Ultradeepwater Heavy-Oil Atlanta Field

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (03) ◽  
pp. 46-47
Author(s):  
Chris Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Primary System ◽  
Artificial Lift ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Production History ◽  
Electrical Submersible Pump ◽  
Water Cut ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Offshore Oil

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 201135, “Challenges in ESP Operation in Ultradeepwater Heavy-Oil Atlanta Field,” by Alexandre Tavares, Paulo Sérgio Rocha, SPE, and Marcelo Paulino Santos, Enauta, et al., prepared for the 2020 SPE Virtual Artificial Lift Conference and Exhibition - Americas, 10-12 November. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Atlanta is a post-salt offshore oil field in the Santos Basin, 185 km southeast of Rio de Janeiro. The combination of ultradeep water (1550 m) and heavy, viscous oil creates a challenging scenario for electrical submersible pump (ESP) applications. The complete paper discusses the performance of an ESP system using field data and software simulations. Introduction From initial screening to define the best artificial-lift method for the Atlanta Field’s requirements, options such as hydraulic pumps, hydraulic submersible pumps, multiphase pumps, ESPs, and gas lift (GL) were considered. Analysis determined that the best primary system was one using an in-well ESP with GL as backup. After an initial successful drillstem test (DST) with an in-well ESP, the decision was made, for the second DST, to install the test pump inside the riser, near seabed depth. It showed good results; comparison of oil-production potential between the pump installed inside a structure at the seabed—called an artificial lift skid (ALS)—and GL suggested that the latter would prove uneconomical. The artificial lift development concept is shown in Fig. 1. ESP Design ESP sizing was performed with a commercial software and considered available information on reservoir, completion, subsea, and topsides. To ensure that the ESP chosen would meet production and pressure boosts required in the field, base cases were built and analyzed for different moments of the field’s life. The cases considered different productivity indexes (PI), reservoir pressures, and water production [and consequently water cut (WC)] as their inputs. The design considers using pumps with a best efficiency point (BEP) for water set at high flow rates (17,500 B/D for in-well and 34,000 B/D for ALS). Thus, when the pumps deal with viscous fluid, the curve will have a BEP closer to the current operating point. Design boundaries of the in-well ESP and the ALS are provided in the complete paper, as are some of the operational requirements to be implemented in the ESP design to minimize risk. Field Production History In 2014, two wells were drilled, tested, and completed with in-well ESP as the primary artificial lift method. Because of delays in delivery of a floating production, storage, and offloading vessel (FPSO), the backup (ALS) was not installed until January 2018. In May 2018, Atlanta Field’s first oil was achieved through ATL-2’s in-well ESP. After a few hours operating through the in-well ESP, it prematurely failed, and the ALS of this well was successfully started up. Fifteen days after first oil, ATL-3’s in-well ESP was started up, but, as occurred with ATL-2, failed after a short period. Its ALS was successfully started up, and both wells produced slightly more than 1 year in that condition.

scholarly journals Non-Intrusive Monitoring Algorithm for Resident Loads with Similar Electrical Characteristic

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1385
Author(s):  
Sheng Wu ◽  
Kwok L. Lo
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Bp Neural Network ◽  
Distribution Curve ◽  
Electrical Characteristics ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Monitoring Method ◽  
Current Frequency ◽  
Operation Pattern ◽  
Load Monitoring

Non-intrusive load monitoring is a vital part of an overall load management scheme. One major disadvantage of existing non-intrusive load monitoring methods is the difficulty to accurately identify loads with similar electrical characteristics. To overcome the various switching probability of loads with similar characteristics in a specific time period, a new non-intrusive load monitoring method is proposed in this paper which will modify monitoring results based on load switching probability distribution curve. Firstly, according to the addition theorem of load working currents, the complex current is decomposed into the independently working current of each load. Secondly, based on the load working current, the initial identification of load is achieved with current frequency domain components, and then the load switching times in each hour is counted due to the initial identified results. Thirdly, a back propagation (BP) neural network is trained by the counted results, the switching probability distribution curve of an identified load is fitted with the BP neural network. Finally, the load operation pattern is profiled according to the switching probability distribution curve, the load operation pattern is used to modify identification result. The effectiveness of the method is verified by the measured data. This approach combines the operation pattern of load to modify the identification results, which improves the ability to identify loads with similar electrical characteristics.

Optimization Design for Oil-Water Separator of Injection-Production Technology in the same Well

2013 ◽  
Vol 803 ◽  
pp. 383-386
Author(s):  
Shu Ren Yang ◽  
Di Xu ◽  
Chao Yu ◽  
Jia Wei Fan ◽  
Cheng Chu Yue Fu
Keyword(s):  
Production Technology ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Water ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Water Separator ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
High Water Cut ◽  
Water Cut

In order to solve the problem of high water cut wells in some oil field in Daqing that it could not get the large-scale application because of the bad separating effect of down hole centrifugal oil-water separator, we optimize the design of multi-cup uniform flux oil-water separator according to the similar separation principle of multi-cup uniform flux gas anchor, and it is obtained to achieve of injection-production technology in the same well which is of high water cut. The design concept of the separator is increasing the number of opening every layer and aperture gradually in subsection from up to down in the design process. The purpose is to get the close intake quantity of every orifice and guarantee the residence time is long enough in the separator, effectively shorten the length of down hole oil-water separator and reduce the production costs and operating costs.

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