Deformable Microgel for Enhanced Oil Recovery in High-Temperature and Ultrahigh-Salinity Reservoirs: How to Design the Particle Size of Microgel to Achieve Its Optimal Match with Pore Throat of Porous Media

SPE Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Chengdong Yuan ◽  
Wanfen Pu ◽  
Mikhail A. Varfolomeev ◽  
Junnan Wei ◽  
Shuai Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Pore Throat ◽  
Conformance Control ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Optimal Match ◽  
Throat Diameter ◽  
Matching Relation

Summary Conformance control treatment in high-temperature and ultrahigh-salinity reservoirs for easing water/gas channeling through high-permeability zones has been a great challenge. In this work, we propose a deformable microgel that can be used at more than 373.15 K and ultrahigh-salinity conditions (total dissolved solids > 200 kg/m3, Ca2+ + Mg2+ > 10 kg/m3) and present a method for choosing the suitable particle size of the microgel to achieve an optimal match with the pore throat of the core. First, the particle size distribution of the microgel was analyzed to decide d50, d10, and d90 (diameter when cumulative frequency is 50, 10, and 90%, respectively). Coreflooding experiments were conducted under different permeability conditions from 20 to 900 md to investigate the migration and plugging patterns of the microgel by analyzing and fitting injection pressure curves together with the change in the morphology of the produced microgel analyzed by a microscope. The migration and plugging patterns were divided into three patterns: complete plugging; plugging—passing through in a deformation or broken state—deep migration; and inefficient plugging—smoothly passing through—stable flow. The second pattern can be further divided into three subpatterns as strong plugging, general plugging, and weak plugging. Finally, on the basis of five patterns, we build a quantitative matching relation between the particle size distribution of microgel and the pore-throat size of cores by defining three matching coefficients a = d10/d, ß = d50/d, γ = d90/d (d is the average pore-throat diameter). The effectiveness of this quantitative matching relation was verified by evaluating the plugging ability (residual resistance factor) in a post-waterflooding process after the injection of 1.5 pore volume (PV) of microgel. For a strong permeability heterogeneity, the strong plugging is believed to be the expected pattern. The particles size and the pore-throat size should meet the following relationship: 1 < a < 2, 2 < ß < 4, 4 < γ < 6. In this scenario, the deformable microgel particles could achieve both an effective plugging and a deep migration. The quantitative matching relation with multiple matching coefficients determined based on the particle size distribution might help to choose suitable particles more precisely in comparison to the method based on one matching coefficient (mostly, the ratio of the average diameter of particles to the average pore-throat diameter). In addition, the method itself to build a quantitative matching relation according to particle size distribution can be used for designing different particle-type conformance control agents for profile control and water shutoff treatment in field applications.

scholarly journals Reaction Mechanism and Process Control of Hydrogen Reduction of Ammonium Perrhenate

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 640
Author(s):  
Junjie Tang ◽  
Yuan Sun ◽  
Chunwei Zhang ◽  
Long Wang ◽  
Yizhou Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Hydrogen Reduction ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
High Density ◽  
Reduction Temperature ◽  
Ammonium Perrhenate

The preparation of rhenium powder by a hydrogen reduction of ammonium perrhenate is the only industrial production method. However, due to the uneven particle size distribution and large particle size of rhenium powder, it is difficult to prepare high-density rhenium ingot. Moreover, the existing process requires a secondary high-temperature reduction and the deoxidization process is complex and requires a high-temperature resistance of the equipment. Attempting to tackle the difficulties, this paper described a novel process to improve the particle size distribution uniformity and reduce the particle size of rhenium powder, aiming to produce a high-density rhenium ingot, and ammonium perrhenate is completely reduced by hydrogen at a low temperature. When the particle size of the rhenium powder was 19.74 µm, the density of the pressed rhenium ingot was 20.106 g/cm3, which was close to the theoretical density of rhenium. In addition, the hydrogen reduction mechanism of ammonium perrhenate was investigated in this paper. The results showed that the disproportionation of ReO3 decreased the rate of the reduction reaction, and the XRD and XPS patterns showed that the increase in the reduction temperature was conducive to increasing the reduction reaction rate and reducing the influence of disproportionation on the reduction process. At the same reduction temperature, reducing the particle sizes of ammonium perrhenate was conducive to increasing the hydrogen reduction rate and reducing the influence of the disproportionation.

Rheology and fluid loss of a polyacrylamide-based micro-gel particles in a water-based drilling fluid

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 657-662
Author(s):  
Gang Wang ◽  
Honghai Fan ◽  
Guancheng Jiang ◽  
Wanjun Li ◽  
Yu Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Temperature Property ◽  
Water Based ◽  
The Cross

In this paper, the cross-linked micro-gel polymer between acrylamide (AM) and N, N-Methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) was synthesized by dispersion polymerization. The initiator and crosslinking agent concentration were used to control the particle size of micro-gel polymer. The filtration property and mechanism of micro-gel were investigated comprehensively. The characteristics of micro-gel were checked by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, transmission electron microscopy, and particle size distribution, respectively. The results indicated that the cross-linked micro-gel polymer exhibited several outstanding merits, such as thermal stability (up to 200 °C), filtration control and rheological property. Microstructure analysis and particle size distribution examinations showed that the scale of micro-gel polymer was micro, which is in accord with design. Rheological tests demonstrated that the nonlinear structure of micro-gel polymer showed less impact on the apparent viscosity. The anti-high temperature property of micro-gel polymer was better than poly anioniccellulose (PAC) and asphalt widely applied in drilling fluid for anti-high temperature fluid-loss additive. As a result, the cross-linked micro-gel polymer had great potential to be applied in high temperature water-based mud.

EFFECT OF COATING CONTENT ON THE PROPERTIES OF A1(OH)3–Y(OH)3/ZrB2 COMPOSITE PARTICLES

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (03) ◽  
pp. 445-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIE-GUANG SONG ◽  
LIAN-MENG ZHANG ◽  
JUN-GUO LI ◽  
JIAN-RONG SONG
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Oxidation Resistance ◽  
Zirconium Diboride ◽  
Resistance Ratio ◽  
Composite Particles ◽  
High Temperature Materials

Zirconium diboride is widely applied to high-temperature materials, but it is easily oxidized at high temperature. To increase the oxidation resistance of zirconium diboride at high temperature, the A 1( OH )3– Y ( OH )3 is coated on the ZrB 2 surface to prepare A 1( OH )3– Y ( OH )3/ ZrB 2 composite particles. In this paper, the effect of coating content on the properties of A 1( OH )3– Y ( OH )3/ ZrB 2 composite particles is investigated. It is analyzed that the particle size and particle size distribution of A 1( OH )3– Y ( OH )3/ ZrB 2 composite particles is increased with the coating content. The dispersion of ZrB 2 particles is largely increased with the coating content of 0%–20%; the dispersion of ZrB 2 particles is similar when the coating content is from 20% to 30%. The oxidation resistance ratio of the ZrB 2 particles with 30% coating content is the best than that of other conditions—it is about three times more than that of the original ZrB 2 particles.

scholarly journals Methodology for Concurrent Multi-Parametric Physical Modeling of a Target Natural Unfractured Homogeneous Sandstone

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1448
Author(s):  
Joseph Y. Fu ◽  
Xiang’an Yue ◽  
Bo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Porous Media ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Capillary Pressure ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Physical Modeling ◽  
Pore Throat ◽  
Fundamental Parameters ◽  
Modeling Simulation

In petroleum, geological and environmental science, flow through porous media is conventionally studied complementarily with numerical modeling/simulation and experimental corefloods. Despite advances in numerical modeling/simulation, experimental corefloods with actual samples are still desired for higher-specificity testing or more complex mechanistic studies. In these applications, the lack of advances in physical modeling is very apparent with the available options mostly unchanged for decades (e.g., sandpacks of unconsolidated packing materials, industry-accepted substitutes with fixed/mismatching petrophysical properties such as Berea sandstone). Renewable synthetic porous media with adjustable parameters are the most promising but have not advanced adequately. To address this, a methodology of advanced physical modeling of the fundamental parameters of dominant mineralogy, particle size distribution, packing, and cementation of a target natural porous media is introduced. Based upon the tight physical modeling of these four fundamental parameters, the other derived parameters of interests including wettability, porosity, pore throat size distribution, permeability, and capillary pressure can be concurrently modeled very close as well by further fine-tuning one of the fundamental parameters while holding the rest constant. Through this process, concurrent multi-parametric physical modeling of the primary petrophysical parameters including particle size distribution, wettability, porosity, pore throat size distribution, permeability, capillary pressure behavior in a target sandstone becomes possible.

Effects of particle size distribution and starting phase composition in Na-feldspar/kaolinite system at high temperature

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 1327-1335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Diella ◽  
Ilaria Adamo ◽  
Lucia Pagliari ◽  
Alessandro Pavese ◽  
Fernando Francescon
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Phase Composition ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution

Methodological Aspects of Evaluating the Particle Size Distribution of Powder Elastomeric Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 899 ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
I.V. Gordeeva ◽  
Tatiana V. Dudareva ◽  
I.A. Krasotkina ◽  
Vadim G. Nikol'skii ◽  
Yulia A. Naumova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomer ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Laser Diffraction ◽  
Elastomeric Materials ◽  
Temperature Shear ◽  
Methodological Aspects

The properties of crumb rubber (CR) of unsorted end-of-life tires and of gas masks face part crushed at ambient temperature, as well as powder elastomeric materials (PEM) obtained by high-temperature shear grinding (HTSG) of CR and high-temperature shear co-grinding of CR with thermoplastic elastomer have been investigated. The methods of dry screening with vibrating sieve, wet laser diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, determination of the specific surface area by the BET method by sorption nitrogen and powder agglomeration were used. The effect of an anti-agglomerating additive on the results of determining the particle size distribution by the methods of dry vibrating sieving and wet laser diffraction has been investigated. Methodological recommendations for determining the particle size distribution of powder elastomeric materials (PEM) obtained by the HTSG have been developed.

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