Barium and Strontium Sulfate Solid-Solution Scale Formation at Elevated Temperatures

1992 ◽  
Vol 7 (01) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.C. Todd ◽  
M.D. Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Scale Formation ◽  
Strontium Sulfate

High-Temperature Instability of A Cr2Nb-Nb(Cr) Microlaminate Composite

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 374-375
Author(s):  
M. Larsen ◽  
R.G. Rowe ◽  
D.W. Skelly
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Solid Solution ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Microstructural Stability ◽  
Elevated Temperature Strength ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bcc Structure

Microlaminate composites consisting of alternating layers of a high temperature intermetallic compound for elevated temperature strength and a ductile refractory metal for toughening may have uses in aircraft engine turbines. Microstructural stability at elevated temperatures is a crucial requirement for these composites. A microlaminate composite consisting of alternating layers of Cr2Nb and Nb(Cr) was produced by vapor phase deposition. The stability of the layers at elevated temperatures was investigated by cross-sectional TEM.The as-deposited composite consists of layers of a Nb(Cr) solid solution with a composition in atomic percent of 91% Nb and 9% Cr. It has a bcc structure with highly elongated grains. Alternating with this Nb(Cr) layer is the Cr2Nb layer. However, this layer has deposited as a fine grain Cr(Nb) solid solution with a metastable bcc structure and a lattice parameter about half way between that of pure Nb and pure Cr. The atomic composition of this layer is 60% Cr and 40% Nb. The interface between the layers in the as-deposited condition appears very flat (figure 1). After a two hour, 1200 °C heat treatment, the metastable Cr(Nb) layer transforms to the Cr2Nb phase with the C15 cubic structure. Grain coarsening occurs in the Nb(Cr) layer and the interface between the layers roughen. The roughening of the interface is a prelude to an instability of the interface at higher heat treatment temperatures with perturbations of the Cr2Nb grains penetrating into the Nb(Cr) layer.

CARLSON ALLOY C600 and C600 ESR

Alloy Digest ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Solid Solution ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Cold Working ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Solid Solution Alloy ◽  
Resistance To Oxidation ◽  
Good Workability

Abstract CARLSON ALLOYS C600 AND C600 ESR have excellent mechanical properties from sub-zero to elevated temperatures with excellent resistance to oxidation at high temperatures. It is a solid-solution alloy that can be hardened only by cold working. High strength at temperature is combined with good workability. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: Ni-470. Producer or source: G.O. Carlson Inc.

Decomposition of Solid Solution of the AA5083 Alloy upon Exposure to Elevated Temperatures

2000 ◽  
Vol 331-337 ◽  
pp. 1089-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sampath ◽  
S. Moldenhauer ◽  
H.R. Schipper ◽  
K. Mechsner ◽  
A. Haszler
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Decomposition Of Solid Solution ◽  
Aa5083 Alloy

A Semiempirical Model for Barium-Strontium-Sulfate Solid Solution Scale Crystallization and Inhibition Kinetics at Oilfield Conditions

SPE Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Yue Zhao ◽  
Zhaoyi Dai ◽  
Chong Dai ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Samridhdi Paudyal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Induction Time ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Semiempirical Model ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Barium Strontium ◽  
Strontium Sulfate ◽  
Laser Apparatus ◽  
Scale Control

Summary Scale inhibitors have been widely used as one of the most efficient methods for sulfate-scale control. To accurately predict the required minimum inhibitor concentration (MIC), we have previously developed several crystallization and inhibition models for pure sulfate scales, including barite, celestite, and gypsum. However, disregarding the wide existence of barium-strontium-sulfate (Ba-Sr-SO4) solid solution in the oil field, no related models have been developed that would lead to large errors in MIC determination. In this study, the induction time of Ba-Sr-SO4 solid solution was measured by laser apparatus with or without different concentrations of scale inhibitor diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) (DTPMP) at the conditions of barite saturation index (SI) from 1.5 to 1.8, temperature (T) from 40 to 70°C, and [Sr2+]/[Ba2+] ratios from 0 to 15 with celestite SI < 0. The results showed that the Ba-Sr-SO4 solid solution’s induction time increases with the [Sr2+]/[Ba2+] ratio at a fixed barite SI, T, and DTPMP dosage. That means the MIC will be overestimated if it is calculated by the previous semiempirical pure barite crystallization and inhibition models without considering the presence of Sr2+. To resolve such deviations, the novel quantitative Ba-Sr-SO4 solid solution crystallization and inhibition models were developed for the first time. The novel models are in good agreement with the experimental data. They can be used to predict the induction time and MIC more accurately at these common Ba2+ and Sr2+ coexisting scenarios. The observations and new models proposed in this study will significantly improve the barite scale management while Ba2+ and Sr2+ coexist in the oil field. NOTE: Supplementary materials are available in support of this paper and have been published online under Supplementary Data at https://doi.org/10.2118/205367-PA.

Understanding solid solution strengthening at elevated temperatures in a creep-resistant Mg–Gd–Ca alloy

2019 ◽  
Vol 181 ◽  
pp. 185-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Mo ◽  
Ingrid McCarroll ◽  
Qiyang Tan ◽  
Anna Ceguerra ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Solid Solution Strengthening ◽  
Solution Strengthening

scholarly journals The Importance of Diffusivity and Partitioning Behavior of Solid Solution Strengthening Elements for the High Temperature Creep Strength of Ni-Base Superalloys

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 6195-6206 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Giese ◽  
A. Bezold ◽  
M. Pröbstle ◽  
A. Heckl ◽  
S. Neumeier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Creep Resistance ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Solid Solution Hardening ◽  
Stress Regime ◽  
Solid Solution Strengthening ◽  
Solution Strengthening ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Partitioning Behavior

AbstractThe creep resistance of single-crystalline Ni-base superalloys at elevated temperatures depends among others on solid solution strengthening of the γ-matrix. To study the influence of various solid solution strengtheners on the mechanical properties, a series of Ni-base superalloys with the same content of different alloying elements (Ir, Mo, Re, Rh, Ru, W) or element combinations (MoW, ReMo, ReW) was investigated. Nanoindentation measurements were performed to correlate the partitioning behavior of the solid solution strengtheners with the hardness of the individual phases. The lowest γ′/γ-hardness ratio was observed for the Re-containing alloy with the strongest partitioning of Re to the γ-matrix. As a result of the creep experiments in the high-temperature/low-stress regime (1373 K (1100 °C)/140 MPa), it can be concluded that solid solution hardening in the γ-phase plays an essential role. The stronger the partitioning to the γ-phase and the lower the interdiffusion coefficient of the alloying element, the better the creep resistance. Therefore, the best creep behavior is found for alloys containing high contents of slow-diffusing elements that partition preferably to the γ-phase, particularly Re followed by W and Mo.

Investigating the Relationships Between Structures and Properties of Al Alloys Incorporated With Ti and Mg Inclusions

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Halil Ibrahim Kurt ◽  
Ibrahim H. Guzelbey ◽  
Serdar Salman ◽  
Razamzan Asmatulu ◽  
Mustafa Dere
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Solidification Process ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Al Alloys ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Solidification Processes ◽  
Grain Size And Shape

This study investigates the influence of titanium (Ti) and magnesium (Mg) additions on aluminum (Al) alloys in order to evaluate the relationship between the structure and properties of the new alloys. The alloys obtained at elevated temperatures mainly consist of Al–2Mg–1Ti, Al–2Mg–3Ti, Al–4Mg–2Ti, and Al–6Mg–2Ti alloys, as well as α and τ solid solution phases of intermetallic structures. Microstructural analyses were performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscope, and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) techniques. Test results show that the average grain size of the alloys decreased with the addition of Ti inclusions during the casting and solidification processes, and the smallest grain size was found to be 90 μm for the Al–6Mg–3Ti alloy. In addition, tensile properties of the Al–Mg–Ti alloys were initially improved and then worsened after the addition of higher concentrations of Ti. The highest tensile and hardness values of the alloys were Al–4Mg–2Ti (205 MPa) and Al–6Mg–3Ti (80 BHN). The primary reasons for having higher mechanical properties may be attributed to strengthening of the solid solution and refinement of the grain size and shape during the solidification process. For this study, the optimum concentrations of Ti and Mg added to the Al alloys were 4 and 2 wt.%, respectively. This study may be useful for field researchers to develop new classes of Al alloys for various industrial applications.

Barium and Strontium Sulfate Scale Formation Due to Incompatible Water in the Namorado Fields Campos Basin, Brazil

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Carmen Moreira Bezerra ◽  
Carlos Nagib Khalil ◽  
Francisca Ferreira Rosario
Keyword(s):  
Scale Formation ◽  
Campos Basin ◽  
Strontium Sulfate

Internal and External Oxidation of Pt(Al) Solid Solution at Elevated Temperatures

2000 ◽  
Vol 147 (1) ◽  
pp. 283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Nanko ◽  
Masahiro Ozawa ◽  
Toshio Maruyama
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
External Oxidation
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