New Filter-Cake Breaker Technology Maximizes Production Rates by Removing Near-Wellbore Damage Zone with Delay Mechanism Designed for High Temperature Reservoirs: Offshore Abu Dhabi

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mena Nasrallah ◽  
Matteo Vinci
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Filter Cake ◽  
Damage Zone ◽  
Abu Dhabi ◽  
Production Rates

Stimulation of Wells Damaged by Barite Present in Filter Cake or Scale

SPE Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Igor Ivanishin ◽  
Hisham A. Nasr-El-Din ◽  
Dmitriy Solnyshkin ◽  
Artem Klyubin
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Filter Cake ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Barium Carbonate ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Field Application ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dissolution Efficiency

Summary High-temperature (HT) deep carbonate reservoirs are typically drilled using barite (BaSO4) as a weighting material. Primary production in these tight reservoirs comes from the network of natural fractures, which are damaged by the invasion of mud filtrate during drilling operations. For this study, weighting material and drilling fluid were sampled at the same drillsite. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence analyses confirmed the complex composition of the weighting material: 43.2 ± 3.8 wt% of BaSO4 and 47.8 ± 3.3 wt% of calcite (CaCO3); quartz and illite comprised the rest. The drilling fluid was used to form the filter cake in a high-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) filter-press apparatus at a temperature of 300°F and differential pressure of 500 psig. Compared with the weighting material, the filter cake contained less CaCO3, but more nondissolvable minerals, including quartz, illite, and kaolinite. This difference in mineral composition makes the filter cake more difficult to remove. Dissolution of laboratory-grade BaSO4, the field sample of the weighting material, and drilling-fluid filter cake were studied at 300°F and 1,000 to 1,050 psig using an autoclave equipped with a magnetic stirrer drive. Two independent techniques were used to investigate the dissolution process: analysis of the withdrawn-fluid samples using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy, and XRD analysis of the solid material left after the tests. The dissolution efficiency of commercial K5-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), two K4-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), Na4-EDTA solutions, and two “barite dissolvers” of unknown composition was compared. K5-DTPA and K4-EDTA have similar efficiency in dissolving BaSO4 as a laboratory-grade chemical and a component of the calcite-containing weighting material. No pronounced dissolution-selectivity effect (i.e., preferential dissolution of CaCO3) was noted during the 6-hour dissolution tests with both solutions. Reported for the first time is the precipitation of barium carbonate (BaCO3) when a mixture of BaSO4 and CaCO3 is dissolved in DTPA or EDTA solutions. BaCO3 composes up to 30 wt% of the solid phase at the end of the 6-hour reaction, and can be dissolved during the field operations by 5 wt% hydrochloric acid. Being cheaper, K4-EDTA is the preferable stimulation fluid. Dilution of this chelate increases its dissolution efficiency. Compared with commonly recommended solutions of 0.5 to 0.6 M, a more dilute solution is suggested here for field application. The polymer breaker and K4-EDTA solution are incompatible; therefore, the damage should be removed in two stages if the polymer breaker is used.

Advanced Well Completion Strategies to Improve Gas Production Deliverability in Marginal Tight Gas Reservoirs from an Onshore Abu Dhabi Gas Field

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajar Ali Abdulla Al Shehhi ◽  
Bondan Bernadi ◽  
Alia Belal Zuwaid Belal Al Shamsi ◽  
Shamma Jasem Al Hammadi ◽  
Fatima Omar Alawadhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Horizontal Wells ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Abu Dhabi ◽  
Tight Gas ◽  
Production Rates ◽  
Well Productivity ◽  
Gas Saturation ◽  
Well Design ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Reservoir X is a marginal tight gas condensate reservoir located in Abu Dhabi with permeability of less than 0.05 mD. The field was conventionally developed with a few single horizontal wells, though sharp production decline was observed due to rapid pressure depletion. This study investigates the impact of converting the existing single horizontal wells into single long horizontal, dual laterals, triple laterals, fishbone design and hydraulic fracturing in improving well productivity. The existing wells design modifications were planned using a near reservoir simulator. The study evaluated the impact of length, trajectory, number of laterals and perforation intervals. For Single, dual, and triple lateral wells, additional simulation study with hydraulic fracturing was carried out. To evaluate and obtain effective comparisons, sector models with LGR was built to improve the simulation accuracy in areas near the wellbore. The study conducted a detailed investigation into the impact of various well designs on the well productivity. It was observed that maximizing the reservoir contact and targeting areas with high gas saturation led to significant increase in the well productivity. The simulation results revealed that longer laterals led to higher gas production rates. Dual lateral wells showed improved productivity when compared to single lateral wells. This incremental gain in the production was attributed to increased contact with the reservoir. The triple lateral well design yielded higher productivity compared to single and dual lateral wells. Hydraulic fracturing for single, dual, and triple lateral wells showed significant improvement in the gas production rates and reduced condensate banking near the wellbore. A detailed investigation into the fishbone design was carried out, this involved running sensitivity runs by varying the number of branches. Fishbone design showed considerable increment in production when compared to other well designs This paper demonstrates that increasing the reservoir contact and targeting specific areas of the reservoir with high gas saturation can lead to significant increase in the well productivity. The study also reveals that having longer and multiple laterals in the well leads to higher production rates. Hydraulic fracturing led to higher production gains. Fishbone well design with its multiple branches showed the most production again when compared to other well designs.

scholarly journals Aleutian island arc magma production rates and mechanisms

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongliang Bai ◽  
Diya Zhang ◽  
Dongdong Dong ◽  
Shiguo Wu ◽  
Zhenjie Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Island Arc ◽  
Mantle Melting ◽  
Fracture Zones ◽  
Seismic Profiles ◽  
Production Rates ◽  
Aleutian Arc ◽  
Slab Dehydration ◽  
Arc Magma

Abstract. The variation in island arc magma production rates and their influencing mechanisms are of great significance since island arc magma is considered a main source of continental crust growth. The island arc magma directly originates from the molten mantle wedge, and the mantle melting is driven by fluids or melts from the subducted slab. Slab dehydration flux mainly depends on the slab thermal structures, and subducted slab melting requires a sufficiently high temperature. For the Aleutian subduction system, the subducted Pacific Plate has diverse thermal structures due to the existing fracture zones, ridges and slab window, so it is an ideal region for arc magma production rate research. However, the previous estimations are based on seismic profiles that only provide magma production rates at specific regions of the Aleutian arc, and these results are controversial. Here, we design a magma production rate estimation method based on gravity inversion constrained by deep seismic profiles. The first overview map of magma production rates along the Aleutian arc strike demonstrates that the magma production rates have the same trend as the slab dips, and the peaks correspond to the subduction of the fracture zones and ridges. The potential mechanisms for these correlations are as follows: (1) Slab water flux at subarc depths increases with increasing slab dip. More fluid flux would induce more mantle melting, and so the arc magma production rates are increased. (2) Water-rich serpentine is formed by hydrothermal alteration on or near the surface of the subducted slab when there are fracture zones. Serpentine decomposition at a depth of 80–120 km releases fluids in addition to the fluids released during normal slab dehydration. Therefore, more fluids induce more mantle melting and correspond a larger magma production rate. (3) The slab located in the Emperor Seamounts has a relatively high temperature and is also weak, so its melting is easier. Similarly, more slab melt means more mantle melt and a higher island arc magma production rate.

Well Clean-Up Using a Combined Thermochemical/Chelating Agent Fluids

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Filter Cake ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Chelating Agent ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Gas Wells ◽  
Oil And Gas Wells ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cake Removal

The well clean-up process involves the removal of impermeable filter cake from the formation face. This process is essential to allow the formation fluids to flow from the reservoir to the wellbore. Different types of drilling fluids such as oil- and water-based drilling fluids are used to drill oil and gas wells. These drilling fluids are weighted with different weighting materials such as bentonite, calcium carbonate, and barite. The filter cake that forms on the formation face consists mainly of the drilling fluid weighting materials (around 90%), and the rest is other additives such as polymers or oil in the case of oil-base drilling fluids. The process of filter cake removal is very complicated because it involves more than one stage due to the compatibility issues of the fluids used to remove the filter cake. Different formulations were used to remove different types of filter cake, but the problem with these methods is the removal efficiency or the compatibility. In this paper, a new method was developed to remove different types of filter cakes and to clean-up oil and gas wells after drilling operations. Thermochemical fluids that consist of two inert salts when mixed together will generate very high pressure and high temperature in addition to hot water and hot nitrogen. These fluids are sodium nitrate and ammonium chloride. The filter cake was formed using barite and calcite water- and oil-based drilling fluids at high pressure and high temperature. The removal process started by injecting 500 ml of the two salts and left for different time periods from 6 to 24 h. The results of this study showed that the newly developed method of thermochemical removed the filter cake after 6 h with a removal efficiency of 89 wt% for the barite filter cake in the water-based drilling fluid. The mechanisms of removal using the combined solution of thermochemical fluid and ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) chelating agent were explained by the generation of a strong pressure pulse that disturbed the filter cake and the generation of the high temperature that enhanced the barite dissolution and polymer degradation. This solution for filter cake removal works for reservoir temperatures greater than 100 °C.

Study of Methane Production by High Temperature Anaerobic Fermentation of Chicken Manure and Stalks

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-557
Author(s):  
Yongku Li ◽  
Xiaomin Hu ◽  
Lei Feng
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Biogas Slurry ◽  
Production Rates

The changing parameters, as the biogas production rate, the methane production rate, the cumulative biogas amount, the cumulative methane amount, the biogas composition, pH etc. in high temperature anaerobic fermentation of chicken manure and stalks were analyzed by experiments with different mass ratios of chicken manure or livestock manure and stalks with a high C/N ratio. The methane production mechanism of high temperature anaerobic digestion of chicken manure and stalks was discussed in detail. It showed that not only the biogas production rates but also the methane production rates of R1–R7 demonstrated the trend of initial increase and then decrease after 50 d of high temperature anaerobic digestion. Besides, the gas production of R1 with pure chicken manure stopped on the 30th d of the reaction. The gas production of other groups R2–R7 also stopped on the corresponding 34th, 36th, 36th, 37th, 37th, and 37th day, respectively. At the end of the reaction, the cumulative biogas amounts and the cumulative methane amounts of R1–R7 were 411.58 and 269.54, 459.91 and 314.41, 425.32 and 294.11, 401.85 and 272.54, 382.63 and 257.07, 363.04 and 218.16, and 257.15 and 160.10 N ml/(g VS). The biogas slurry pH of R1–R7 all demonstrated a trend of initial decrease and then increase, e. g., pH of R2 reached the minimum of 5.94 on the 5th day. pH values of other groups were between 6.01 and 6.39. After the addition of 4 g of sodium bicarbonate on the 7th day, biogas slurry pH of R1–R7 all increased. pH was maintained between 7.16 and 7.44 until the end of the reaction.

Efficient ceria nanostructures for enhanced solar fuel production via high-temperature thermochemical redox cycles

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (24) ◽  
pp. 9614-9624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Gao ◽  
Alejandro Vidal ◽  
Alicia Bayon ◽  
Roman Bader ◽  
Jim Hinkley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Solar Fuel ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Production Rates ◽  
Syngas Production ◽  
Redox Cycles ◽  
Redox Capacity

The flame-made nanostructured agglomerates achieved ca. 200% higher syngas production rates and the highest redox capacity so far reported for ceria.

scholarly journals Understanding controls on hydrothermal dolomitisation: insights from 3D reactive transport modelling of geothermal convection

Solid Earth ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2439-2461
Author(s):  
Rungroj Benjakul ◽  
Cathy Hollis ◽  
Hamish A. Robertson ◽  
Eric L. Sonnenthal ◽  
Fiona F. Whitaker
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Reactive Transport ◽  
Country Rock ◽  
Damage Zone ◽  
Fault System ◽  
Threshold Temperature ◽  
Transport Modelling ◽  
Geothermal Resources ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Diagenetic Alteration

Abstract. The dominant paradigm for petrogenesis of high-temperature fault-controlled dolomite, widely known as “hydrothermal dolomite” (HTD), invokes upwelling of hot fluid along faulted and fractured conduits from a deep over-pressured aquifer. However, this model has several inherent ambiguities with respect to fluid sources and their dolomitisation potential, as well as mechanisms for delivering enough of these reactive fluids to form substantial volumes of dolomite. Here, we use generic 2D and 3D reactive transport simulations of a single transmissive fault system to evaluate an alternative conceptual model whereby dolomitisation is driven by seawater being drawn down into the subsurface and heated. We examine the evolution of fluid chemistry and the distribution of diagenetic alteration, including predictions of the rate, distribution, and temperature of HTD formation, and consider the possible contribution of this process to the Mg budget of the world's oceans. The simulations suggest that it is possible for convection of seawater along the fault damage zone to form massive dolomite bodies that extend hundreds of metres vertically and along the fault within a timescale of a few tens of thousands of years, with no significant alteration of the country rock. Dolomitisation occurs as a gradient reaction by replacement of host limestones and minor dolomite cementation, and it results in the discharge of Mg2+-poor, Ca2+-rich fluids to the sea floor. Fluids sourced from the basement contribute to the transport of heat that is key for overcoming kinetic limitations to dolomitisation, but the entrained seawater provides the Mg2+ to drive the reaction. Dolomite fronts are sharper on the “up-flow” margin where Mg2+-rich fluids first reach the threshold temperature for dolomitisation, and the “down-flow” dolomite front tends to be broader as the fluid is depleted in Mg2+ by prior dolomitisation. The model demonstrates spatial contrasts in the temperature of dolomitisation and the relative contribution of seawater and basement-derived fluids which are also commonly observed in natural fault-controlled dolomites. In the past, such variations have been interpreted in terms of major shifts in the system driving dolomitisation. Our simulations demonstrate that such changes may also be a product of emergent behaviour within a relatively stable system, with areas that are dolomitised more slowly recording the effect of changes in fluid flow, heat, and solute transport that occur in response to diagenetic permeability modification. Overall, our models robustly demonstrate that high-temperature fault-controlled dolomite bodies can form from mixed convection and act as a sink for Mg in the circulating seawaters. In addition, comparison of our 3D simulations with simplifications to 2D indicate that 2D models misrepresent critical aspects of the system. This has important implications for modelling of systems ranging from geothermal resources and mineralisation to carbonate diagenesis, including hydrothermal karstification and ore genesis as well as dolomitisation.

A parametric study of filtration through a ceramic candle filter

2005 ◽  
Vol 219 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
M H Al-Hajeri ◽  
A Aroussl ◽  
K Simmons ◽  
S J Pickering
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Filter Cake ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Filter Element ◽  
Gas Filtration ◽  
High Temperature High Pressure

Ceramic candle filters have been developed for cleaning high-temperature high-pressure (HTHP) gas streams. They meet environmental and economical considerations in combined cycle power plant, where gas turbine blades can be protected from the erosion resulting from the use of HTHP exhaust from the fluidized bed. Ceramic candle filters are the most promising hot gas filtration technology and have demonstrated high collection efficiencies at high-temperature high-pressure conditions. This paper reports a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) investigation of a candle filter in cross-flow arrangement. The aim is to increase understanding of the deposition process and the factors that affect the build-up of the filter cake. A parametric investigation is undertaken, with particular emphasis on the effects of the ratio of the approach cross-flow velocity to filter face velocity on the deposition pattern as a function of the particle size (1–300 μm). Velocity fields and particle tracks are presented, in addition to the radius of convergence which is a parameter that characterizes the deposition process for each flow regime. Furthermore, a method has been developed for predicting filter cake growth using CFD and particle deposits distributed around the filter element surface uniformly for particle sizes below 50 μm. The paper contains a potential flow solution for the flow around a single porous filter element in cross-flow.

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