Simulations of In-Situ Upgrading Process: Interpretation of Laboratory Experiments and Study of Field-Scale Test

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Perez-Perez ◽  
M. Mujica ◽  
I. Bogdanov ◽  
A. Brisset ◽  
O. Garnier
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Scale Test

Simulations of In-Situ Upgrading Process: Interpretation of Laboratory Experiments and Study of Field-Scale Test

SPE Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (06) ◽  
pp. 2711-2730
Author(s):  
A.. Perez–Perez ◽  
M.. Mujica Chacín ◽  
I.. Bogdanov ◽  
A.. Brisset ◽  
O.. Garnier
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Solid Residue ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Scale Test

Summary In–situ upgrading (IU) is a promising method of improved viscous– and heavy–oil recovery. The IU process implies a reservoir heating up and exposure to a temperature higher than 300°C for a time period long enough to promote a series of chemical reactions. The pyrolysis reactions produce lighter oleic and gaseous components, while a solid residue remains underground. In this work, we developed a numerical model of IU using laboratory experience (kinetics measurements and core experiments) and validated the results by applying our model to an IU field–scale test published in the literature. Finally, we studied different operational conditions in a search for energy–efficient configurations. In this work, two types of IU experimental data are used from two vertical–tube experiments with Canadian bitumen cores (0.15 and 0.69 m). A general IU numerical model for the different experimental setups has been developed and compared with experimental data, using a commercial reservoir–simulator framework. This model is capable of representing the phase distribution of pseudocomponents, the thermal decomposition reactions of bitumen fractions, and the generation of gases and residue (solid) under thermal cracking conditions. Simulation results for the cores exposed to a temperature of 380°C and production pressure of 15 bar have shown that oil production (per pseudocomponent) and oil–sample quality were well–predicted by the model. Some differences in gas production and total solid residue were observed with respect to laboratory measurements. Computer–assisted history matching was performed using an uncertainty–analysis tool with the most–important model parameters. To better understand IU field–scale test results, the Shell Viking pilot (Peace River) was modeled and analyzed with the proposed IU model. The appropriate gridblock size was determined and the calculation time was reduced using the adaptive mesh–refinement (AMR) technique. The quality of products, the recovery efficiency, and the energy expenses obtained with our model were in good agreement with the field test results. In addition, the conversion results (upgraded oil, gas, and solid residue) from the experiments were compared with those obtained in the field test. Additional analysis was performed to identify energy–efficient configurations and to understand the role of some key variables (e.g., heating period and rate and the production pressure) in the global IU upgrading performance. We discuss these results, which illustrate and quantify the interplay between energy efficiency and productivity indicators.

Comparison and Evaluation of in-situ Bio-Denitrification Systems for Nitrate Reduction in Groundwater

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (3-5) ◽  
pp. 359-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Dahab
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Reduction ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Nitrate Contamination ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Water Turbidity ◽  
The World ◽  
Management Schemes ◽  
Careful Management ◽  
The U.S

Nitrate contamination of groundwater is a growing problem in the U.S. and throughout the world. This paper examines the potential application of in-situ bio-denitrification to reduce nitrates in groundwater to an acceptable level as well as pertinent parameters that control the process. Results from laboratory experiments designed to simulate in-situ bio-denitrification using an aquifer model are compared to results of experiments reported in the literature. The results indicate that while denitrification can be effective in reducing nitrates in contaminated groundwater, serious aquifer plugging problems can be expected. Furthermore, the avoidance of the plugging problem requires that careful management schemes be implemented during in-situ treatment The results of field-scale experiments in Europe and other areas generally confirm the efficacy of bio-denitrification. However, aquifer plugging was not reported by some of these studies or appeared to be downgraded by others. In some cases, this problem was reported as having serious ramifications on the success or failure of bio-denitrification. In addition to aquifer plugging, other problems can be expected. These include residual organics and the presence of large bacterial counts in the treated water with subsequent potential effects on the water turbidity, disinfection requirements, and public health acceptability.

The ABCs of In-Situ-Combustion Simulations: From Laboratory Experiments to Field Scale

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (04) ◽  
pp. 256-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dubert Gutiérrez ◽  
R. Gordon Moore ◽  
Matthew G. Ursenbach ◽  
Sudarshan A. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
In Situ Combustion

The ABCs of In-Situ Combustion Simulations: From Laboratory Experiments to the Field Scale

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dubert Gutierrez ◽  
Robert Gordon Moore ◽  
Matthew G. Ursenbach ◽  
Sudarshan A. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
In Situ Combustion

scholarly journals Listener-Position and Orientation Dependency of Auditory Perception in an Enclosed Space: Elicitation of Salient Attributes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1570
Author(s):  
Bogdan Ioan Băcilă ◽  
Hyunkook Lee
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Perception ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Head Orientation ◽  
Repertory Grid Technique ◽  
Apparent Source ◽  
Grid Technique ◽  
Subjective Study ◽  
Enclosed Space ◽  
Orientation Dependency

This paper presents a subjective study conducted on the perception of auditory attributes depending on listener position and head orientation in an enclosed space. Two elicitation experiments were carried out using the repertory grid technique—in-situ and laboratory experiments—which aimed to identify perceptual attributes among 10 different combinations of the listener’s positions and head orientations in a concert hall. It was found that, between the in-situ and laboratory experiments, the listening positions and head orientations were clustered identically. Ten salient perceptual attributes were identified from the data obtained from the laboratory experiment. Whilst these included conventional attributes such as ASW (apparent source width) and LEV (listener envelopment), new attributes such as PRL (perceived reverb loudness), ARW (apparent reverb width) and Reverb Direction were identified, and they are hypothesised to be sub-attributes of LEV (listener envelopment). Timbral characteristics such as Reverb Brightness and Echo Brightness were also identified as salient attributes, which are considered to potentially contribute to the overall perceived clarity.

scholarly journals Natural dimethyl sulfide gradients would lead marine predators to higher prey biomass

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kylie Owen ◽  
Kentaro Saeki ◽  
Joseph D. Warren ◽  
Alessandro Bocconcelli ◽  
David N. Wiley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfide ◽  
Zooplankton Biomass ◽  
Foraging Success ◽  
Spatially Correlated ◽  
Prey Biomass ◽  
Marine Predators ◽  
Predator Foraging ◽  
The Impact

AbstractFinding prey is essential to survival, with marine predators hypothesised to track chemicals such as dimethyl sulfide (DMS) while foraging. Many predators are attracted to artificially released DMS, and laboratory experiments have shown that zooplankton grazing on phytoplankton accelerates DMS release. However, whether natural DMS concentrations are useful for predators and correlated to areas of high prey biomass remains a fundamental knowledge gap. Here, we used concurrent hydroacoustic surveys and in situ DMS measurements to present evidence that zooplankton biomass is spatially correlated to natural DMS concentration in air and seawater. Using agent simulations, we also show that following gradients of DMS would lead zooplankton predators to areas of higher prey biomass than swimming randomly. Further understanding of the conditions and scales over which these gradients occur, and how they are used by predators, is essential to predicting the impact of future changes in the ocean on predator foraging success.

Soil Cleanup by In-Situ Aeration. XVII. Field-Scale Model with Distributed Diffusion

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 1251-1274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Céser Gómez-Lahoz ◽  
James M. Rodríguez-Maroto ◽  
David J. Wilson∗
Keyword(s):  
Scale Model ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Soil Cleanup

scholarly journals Induced microearthquakes predict permeability creation in the brittle crust

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziyan Li ◽  
Derek Elsworth ◽  
Chaoyi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Patch Size ◽  
Dynamic Evolution ◽  
Permeability Evolution ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Scale Invariant ◽  
Flow Paths ◽  
Porosity And Permeability ◽  
Hybrid Machine ◽  
Early Injection

Abstract Fracturing controls rates of mass, chemical and energy cycling within the crust. We use observed locations and magnitudes of microearthquakes (MEQs) to illuminate the evolving architecture of fractures reactivated and created in the otherwise opaque subsurface. We quantitatively link seismic moments of laboratory MEQs to the creation of porosity and permeability at field scale. MEQ magnitudes scale to the slipping patch size of remanent fractures reactivated in shear - with scale-invariant roughnesses defining permeability evolution across nine decades of spatial volumes – from centimeter to decameter scale. This physics-inspired seismicity-permeability linkage enables hybrid machine learning (ML) to constrain in-situ permeability evolution at verifiable field-scales (~10 m). The ML model is trained on early injection and MEQ data to predict the dynamic evolution of permeability from MEQ magnitudes and locations, alone. The resulting permeability maps define and quantify flow paths verified against ground truths of permeability.

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