US Class II Underground Injection Wells: Injection and Seismicity Operational Risk Factors

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. H. Capper ◽  
M. C. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Operational Risk ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Injection Wells ◽  
Underground Injection

Data analytics to investigate the cohort of injection wells with earthquakes in Oklahoma

2021 ◽  
pp. 875529302198972
Author(s):  
Amin Amirlatifi ◽  
Bijay KC ◽  
Meisam Adibifard ◽  
Farshid Vahedifard ◽  
Ehsan Ghazanfari
Keyword(s):  
Induced Seismicity ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Hybrid Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Injection Wells ◽  
Cumulative Volume ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
Underground Injection ◽  
Injection Control ◽  
Volume Range

The number of recorded earthquakes in Oklahoma has substantially increased during the last few decades, a trend that coincides with the increases in the injected volume in underground injection control (UIC) wells. Several studies have suggested the existence of spatial and temporal links between earthquakes and injection wells. However, creating a spatial connection between the earthquakes and UIC wells requires making a prior assumption about the radius of induced seismicity. In this study, we use intrinsic features of the UIC wells to find the cohort of wells with associated earthquakes, based on the level of activity and proximity of the wells to the events. For this purpose, a hybrid genetic algorithm–K-means (GA-K-means) algorithm was applied over UIC wells, and the geographical representation of the clustered wells was co-visualized with earthquake data to determine wells with induced seismic activities. The analysis was performed every year since 2002, and the most critical attributes to distinguish the behavior of wells were identified. The analysis showed a distinct change in cluster identifiers before the year 2010, which is believed to be the beginning of increased seismic activities, compared to later dates. Our approach was able to group the earthquake-associated wells from the rest of the data, and centroid analysis of these wells helped us identify the critical pressure and cumulative volume range that result in induced seismicity. These findings can be used as guidelines for designing safer injection sites for sustainable energy production in Oklahoma.

Abstract P292: Severe Obesity is Associated with Dramatic Increase in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Prevalence: Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Kaplan ◽  
Larissa M Avilés-Santa ◽  
Christina M Parrinello ◽  
Sheila Castañeda ◽  
Arlene L Hankinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Total N ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Class Iii Obesity

Introduction: Prevalence of severe obesity is increasing, especially among the young Hispanic population. Methods: In the HCHS/SOL cohort of 18-74 year old US Hispanics, we examined gradients across BMI and age in CVD risk factors. Results: Approximately one in five males (total N = 6,547) and one in ten females (total N=9,797) met criteria for class II obesity (BMI 35 - 40 kg/m 2 ) or class III obesity (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m 2 ). The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and elevated C-reactive protein rose with each successive class of overweight/obesity. In contrast, the prevalence of elevated levels of total cholesterol, LDL-c and triglycerides increased across normal weight, overweight (BMI 25 - 30 kg/m 2 ), and class I obese (BMI 30 - 35 kg/m 2 ) groups, but did not increase in frequency across class I, class II, and class III obesity groups. The Figure depicts isolines that identify age- specific subgroups of the normal-weight and class II - III obese groups that had the same estimated prevalence of CVD risk factors, with 95 percent confidence intervals. Among young adults with class II or III obesity, the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and the combination of three or more CVD risk factors was similar to that among normal-weight individuals (BMI 18.5 - 25 kg/m 2 ) who were 15 to 30 years older. Among young obese individuals, the prevalence of low HDL-c levels and high C-reactive protein levels exceeded that among the oldest adults in the cohort. CVD risk factors had stronger, more consistent gradients across the BMI categories among men than among women. Conclusion: Class II and III obesity, defined as BMI ≥ 35 kg/m 2 , are common in the Hispanic/Latino population. Young adults with these severe forms of obesity have dramatically increased frequency of cardiometabolic risk factors. The age-related accumulation of multiple CVD risk factors, such as is typically seen in normal-weight individuals, is accelerated by 1-2 decades in severly overweight women and by 2-3 decades in severely overweight men.

scholarly journals HLA class II antigens and haplotypes associated with susceptibility of leukemias and myelodysplastic syndrome

Genetika ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-370
Author(s):  
Svetlana Vojvodic ◽  
Dusica Ademovic-Sazdanic
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myelodysplastic Syndrome ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Hla Antigens ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Hla Class Ii ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Class Ii Antigens

Genetical and environmental factors play an interactive role in the development of acute and chronic leukemias. HLA antigens have been considered as possible genetic risk factors. The aim of this work was to investigate a possible association between HLA class II polymorphisms and leukemias and myelodysplastic syndrome. In the present study we investigated HLA class II antigens, DR/DQ and DR51/DR52/DR53 haplotypes in 100 patients: 7 suffering from myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS),37 from acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL),32 from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and 24 from chronic myeloid leukemia(CML). A panel of 210 healthy unrelated individuals of the same origin, from Vojvodina, served as controls. HLA phenotyping was performed by two color fluorescence method. In patients suffering from MDS was found a positive association with DR7(RR=2.598,EF=0.175) and DQ7(3)(RR=4.419, EF=0.632), while negative association was found for DR15(2)(RR=0.405, PF=0.172) and DQ6(1) (RR=0.889, PF=0,936).Positive association was found in the group of patients with ALL for DR7(RR=2.391,EF=0.688) and DQ2(RR=1.62, EF=0.15),while negative association was found with DQ5(1)(RR=0.075, PF=0.324). In the group of patients with AML, there were positive associations with DR11(5)(RR=1.732,EF=0.211),DQ2(RR= 1.594, EF=0.151) and DQ7(3) (RR=2.547,EF=0.266),while possible protective antigen was DQ5(1) (RR=0.107,RF=0.701). Higher RR than 1 and EF>0.15, in patients suffering from CML was found for DQ6(1)(RR=1.661,EF=0.232), while negative association was found for DR4 (RR=0.182,PF=0.155).Possible protective haplotype in this study was DR3DQ8(3) for patients suffering from AML(RR=0.007, PF=0.501).The distribution of DR53-DR53 haplotypes showed significant difference in male patients with ALL(6% vs 0.09%), while DR52-DR52 haplotype was significantly less frequent in male patients with CML (4% vs 20.47%) and female patients with MDS (1% vs 18.57%), respectively, in comparison to controls. We deduced that DR7 antigen in male patients with ALL has the greatest impact to the higher frequency of DR53-DR53 haplotype in this type of leukemia. The role of HLA antigens as risk factors for development of leukemias in our population was shown and furthermore it could be useful in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Incidence and Risk Factors of Recipient Surgical Site Infection in Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction with Vascularized Fibular Bone Grafts

2020 ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
Pichai Vittayakittipong ◽  
Sarocha Makmanee
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Bone Grafts ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
P Value ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Physical Status ◽  
Recipient Site ◽  
Maxillofacial Reconstruction

Objective: To determine the incidence and risk factors of recipient surgical site infection (RSSI) after oral and maxillofacial reconstruction with vascularized fibular bone grafts (VFBG).Material and Methods: This retrospective study was performed in patients who underwent oral and maxillofacial reconstructive surgery, with VFBG, at the Dental Hospital, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University. Demographic, preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative data were recorded. Any infection at the recipient site occurring within 30 days post-operatively, by criteria from the Center of Disease Control, was defined as RSSI. Statistical analysis was performed by chi-square test, Student's t-test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient with statistical significance was set at 0.05.Results: There were twenty-one patients who met the eligibility criteria. The incidence of RSSI after oral and maxillofacial reconstruction with VFBG was 47.6% (10/21 patients), and the success rate of VFBG was 95.2%. American Society of Anesthetics (ASA) physical status class II and oral contamination were significant risk factors for RSSI (p-value=0.004 and p-value=0.031, respectively). Length of hospital stay was significantly higher in the RSSI group (p-value<0.001).Conclusion: The incidence of RSSI after oral and maxillofacial reconstruction with VFBG was high, and ASA physical status class II and oral contamination were significant risk factors for RSSI.

Risk factors for caries development on tooth surfaces adjacent to newly placed class II composites – a pragmatic, practice based study

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 1323-1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simen E. Kopperud ◽  
Ivar Espelid ◽  
Anne Bjørg Tveit ◽  
Rasa Skudutyte-Rysstad
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Tooth Surfaces

scholarly journals Perbandingan Laju Lindi Landfill Kelas I dan II untuk Limbah NORM dari Industri Minyak dan Gas Bumi Menggunakan Model Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance (HELP)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Chrisantus Aristo Wirawan Dwipayana ◽  
Setyo Sarwanto Moersidik ◽  
Mochamad Adhiraga Pratama
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Radioactive Materials ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials ◽  
Underground Injection ◽  
Us Epa ◽  
Hydrologic Evaluation

In the process of oil and gas production, it can produce large amounts of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) with increased radioactivity as by-products. NORM disposal methods currently used in the oil & gas industry are landfills, land-spreading, surface burial, underground injection, off-shore discharge. The biggest threat to groundwater caused by landfills is leachate. This study is a comparison of the leachate rates of Class I and Class II Landfill results using the Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance (HELP) modeling software developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). For the operational phase, there were significant differences in leachate rate from the base layer between Class I and Class II landfills. For the phase after closure of waste, Class I and Class II landfills have the same performance in terms of holding back the rate of leachate.  ABSTRAKDalam proses produksi minyak dan gas dapat menghasilkan sejumlah besar Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) dengan konsentrasi radioaktivitas yang meningkat sebagai limbah hasil samping. Metode pembuangan NORM yang saat ini digunakan dalam industri minyak & gas adalah landfill, land-spreading, surface burial, underground injection, off-shore discharge. Ancaman terbesar terhadap air tanah yang ditimbulkan oleh landfill adalah air lindi. Pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan perbandingan laju lindi landfill Kelas I dan Kelas II berdasarkan hasil menggunakan software pemodelan Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance (HELP) yang dikembangkan oleh United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Untuk fase operasional ditemukan perbedaan laju lindi dari lapisan dasar yang signifikan antara landfill Kelas I dan Kelas II. Untuk fase setelah penutupan limbah, landfill kelas I dan kelas II memiliki kinerja yang sama dalam hal menahan laju produksi air lindi.Kata kunci : NORM; landfill; lindi; HELP

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