Overcoming OBM Filter Cake Damage Using Micro-Emulsion Remediation Technology across a High-Temperature Formation

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Kumar V. Addagalla ◽  
Balraj A. Kosandar ◽  
Ishaq G. Lawal ◽  
Prakash B. Jadhav ◽  
Aqeel Imran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Filter Cake ◽  
Remediation Technology ◽  
Micro Emulsion

Stimulation of Wells Damaged by Barite Present in Filter Cake or Scale

SPE Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Igor Ivanishin ◽  
Hisham A. Nasr-El-Din ◽  
Dmitriy Solnyshkin ◽  
Artem Klyubin
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Filter Cake ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Barium Carbonate ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Field Application ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dissolution Efficiency

Summary High-temperature (HT) deep carbonate reservoirs are typically drilled using barite (BaSO4) as a weighting material. Primary production in these tight reservoirs comes from the network of natural fractures, which are damaged by the invasion of mud filtrate during drilling operations. For this study, weighting material and drilling fluid were sampled at the same drillsite. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence analyses confirmed the complex composition of the weighting material: 43.2 ± 3.8 wt% of BaSO4 and 47.8 ± 3.3 wt% of calcite (CaCO3); quartz and illite comprised the rest. The drilling fluid was used to form the filter cake in a high-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) filter-press apparatus at a temperature of 300°F and differential pressure of 500 psig. Compared with the weighting material, the filter cake contained less CaCO3, but more nondissolvable minerals, including quartz, illite, and kaolinite. This difference in mineral composition makes the filter cake more difficult to remove. Dissolution of laboratory-grade BaSO4, the field sample of the weighting material, and drilling-fluid filter cake were studied at 300°F and 1,000 to 1,050 psig using an autoclave equipped with a magnetic stirrer drive. Two independent techniques were used to investigate the dissolution process: analysis of the withdrawn-fluid samples using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy, and XRD analysis of the solid material left after the tests. The dissolution efficiency of commercial K5-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), two K4-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), Na4-EDTA solutions, and two “barite dissolvers” of unknown composition was compared. K5-DTPA and K4-EDTA have similar efficiency in dissolving BaSO4 as a laboratory-grade chemical and a component of the calcite-containing weighting material. No pronounced dissolution-selectivity effect (i.e., preferential dissolution of CaCO3) was noted during the 6-hour dissolution tests with both solutions. Reported for the first time is the precipitation of barium carbonate (BaCO3) when a mixture of BaSO4 and CaCO3 is dissolved in DTPA or EDTA solutions. BaCO3 composes up to 30 wt% of the solid phase at the end of the 6-hour reaction, and can be dissolved during the field operations by 5 wt% hydrochloric acid. Being cheaper, K4-EDTA is the preferable stimulation fluid. Dilution of this chelate increases its dissolution efficiency. Compared with commonly recommended solutions of 0.5 to 0.6 M, a more dilute solution is suggested here for field application. The polymer breaker and K4-EDTA solution are incompatible; therefore, the damage should be removed in two stages if the polymer breaker is used.

Well Clean-Up Using a Combined Thermochemical/Chelating Agent Fluids

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Filter Cake ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Chelating Agent ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Gas Wells ◽  
Oil And Gas Wells ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cake Removal

The well clean-up process involves the removal of impermeable filter cake from the formation face. This process is essential to allow the formation fluids to flow from the reservoir to the wellbore. Different types of drilling fluids such as oil- and water-based drilling fluids are used to drill oil and gas wells. These drilling fluids are weighted with different weighting materials such as bentonite, calcium carbonate, and barite. The filter cake that forms on the formation face consists mainly of the drilling fluid weighting materials (around 90%), and the rest is other additives such as polymers or oil in the case of oil-base drilling fluids. The process of filter cake removal is very complicated because it involves more than one stage due to the compatibility issues of the fluids used to remove the filter cake. Different formulations were used to remove different types of filter cake, but the problem with these methods is the removal efficiency or the compatibility. In this paper, a new method was developed to remove different types of filter cakes and to clean-up oil and gas wells after drilling operations. Thermochemical fluids that consist of two inert salts when mixed together will generate very high pressure and high temperature in addition to hot water and hot nitrogen. These fluids are sodium nitrate and ammonium chloride. The filter cake was formed using barite and calcite water- and oil-based drilling fluids at high pressure and high temperature. The removal process started by injecting 500 ml of the two salts and left for different time periods from 6 to 24 h. The results of this study showed that the newly developed method of thermochemical removed the filter cake after 6 h with a removal efficiency of 89 wt% for the barite filter cake in the water-based drilling fluid. The mechanisms of removal using the combined solution of thermochemical fluid and ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) chelating agent were explained by the generation of a strong pressure pulse that disturbed the filter cake and the generation of the high temperature that enhanced the barite dissolution and polymer degradation. This solution for filter cake removal works for reservoir temperatures greater than 100 °C.

Improving the high-temperature performance of LiMn2O4 spinel by micro-emulsion coating of LiCoO2

2002 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaolin Liu ◽  
Hongbin Wang ◽  
Ling Fang ◽  
Jim Y. Lee ◽  
Leong Ming Gan
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Limn2o4 Spinel ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Micro Emulsion

A parametric study of filtration through a ceramic candle filter

2005 ◽  
Vol 219 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
M H Al-Hajeri ◽  
A Aroussl ◽  
K Simmons ◽  
S J Pickering
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Filter Cake ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Filter Element ◽  
Gas Filtration ◽  
High Temperature High Pressure

Ceramic candle filters have been developed for cleaning high-temperature high-pressure (HTHP) gas streams. They meet environmental and economical considerations in combined cycle power plant, where gas turbine blades can be protected from the erosion resulting from the use of HTHP exhaust from the fluidized bed. Ceramic candle filters are the most promising hot gas filtration technology and have demonstrated high collection efficiencies at high-temperature high-pressure conditions. This paper reports a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) investigation of a candle filter in cross-flow arrangement. The aim is to increase understanding of the deposition process and the factors that affect the build-up of the filter cake. A parametric investigation is undertaken, with particular emphasis on the effects of the ratio of the approach cross-flow velocity to filter face velocity on the deposition pattern as a function of the particle size (1–300 μm). Velocity fields and particle tracks are presented, in addition to the radius of convergence which is a parameter that characterizes the deposition process for each flow regime. Furthermore, a method has been developed for predicting filter cake growth using CFD and particle deposits distributed around the filter element surface uniformly for particle sizes below 50 μm. The paper contains a potential flow solution for the flow around a single porous filter element in cross-flow.

Delayed Reaction Micro-Emulsion Fluid to Clean Oil Base Mud Filter Cake Damage in Open Hole Completions

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Kumar V. Addagalla ◽  
Balraj A. Kosandar ◽  
Ishaq G. Lawal ◽  
Prakash B. Jadhav ◽  
Aqeel Imran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Filter Cake ◽  
Delayed Reaction ◽  
Open Hole ◽  
Micro Emulsion ◽  
Emulsion Fluid

Delayed Action Micro-Emulsion Breaker and Its Applications to Improved Completions Operations – An NNPC/FEPDC JV Approach During Completions Operations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebuka Ifeduba ◽  
Bernard Ainoje ◽  
Tunde Alabi ◽  
John Akadang ◽  
Ena Agbahovbe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Filter Cake ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Well Control ◽  
Drain Hole ◽  
Open Hole ◽  
Micro Emulsion ◽  
Delayed Action ◽  
Isolation Device ◽  
Mild Acid

Abstract In horizontal open hole wells, the formation of filter cake while drilling the open hole section of the well is desirable. This filter cake serves the purpose of forming a semi-impervious layer around the reservoir drain-hole. This layer helps reduce losses considering the overbalance required for well control during drilling. It also serves as an additional structural support to keep the open hole stable when the drilling bottom hole assembly (BHA) is pulled out of hole and the screens and lower completions accessories are being run in hole. However, when thewell is put into production, the filter cake becomes a contributor to skin and poor reservoir productivity. It is therefore required to get rid of the filter cake after running the screens and the lower completion. Having procured and prepared the sand screens for deployment after drilling the open hole section, it is important that they are run to the bottom successfully with minimal damage and plugging. Usually, the open hole section of the horizontal well is drilled with specially formulated drill-in-fluids (DIF). Since this section is drilled in over balanced mode, the exerted pressure keeps the hole open so that the sand screen can be run successfully. The DIF replaces the drilling mud used to drill the earlier hole section(s) but in addition to providing well control via overbalance and transporting cuttings from the hole to surface, it also minimizes invasion damage to the reservoir pay zone. A commonly used weighing material when densities up to 11.5ppg are required for well control is calcium carbonate (CaCO3). When densities above 11.5ppg are required (for deeper, abnormally pressured reservoirs), it becomes necessary to weight up the mud with a heavier material, usually barite + CaCO3. During the drilling process, this overbalance pressure exerted on the reservoir forces the CaCO3 out of the DIF solution and it forms a semi-impervious filter cake on the sand face of the reservoir. This desirable filter cake helps minimize excessive fluid losses into the reservoir hence limiting invasion and damage. It also contributes to the structural integrity of the open hole, keeping it stable prior to running of the screens. Depending on the weighting material used in the drilling of the reservoir drain-hole, the micro-emulsion breaker (MEB) can be designed to break down the filter cake and any undisolvedparticulates can be mobilized and water-wetted and can be then flowed during production or injection. The challenge is that depending on the lower completion configuration, it may take some time to get the wash pipe and work string out of the lower completion and close the formation isolation device. In some cases, it is possible for the formation isolation device to fail. If the Micro-emulsion Blend (MEB) is quick acting, any of these scenarios can lead to uncontrollable losses and serious difficulties in continuing the completion operation. This elucidates the need for a delayed acting MEB treatment. Lab tests and analysis involving the exact DIF /filter cake and various compositions of the MEB at downhole conditions to arrive at the required delay in action. It is critical to ensure that the delayed action does not result in reduced efficacy of the treatment. Hence, the MEB is not diluted for slow action but rather it is engineered combinatorially with a retarder and downhole mild acid generating microemulsion chemistry that gradually generates the necessary mild acid that will slowly dissolve the bridging materials (eg. calcium carbonate) in the mud withtime and allows the full strength of the MEB to take effect after the stipulated delay period. This paper will focus on the lab analysis and iterations to arrive at an optimal MEB blend.

Minimization of Ultra-High Temperature Filtration Loss for Water-Based Drilling Fluid with ß-Cyclodextrin Polymer Microspheres

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanyi Zhong ◽  
Xin Gao ◽  
Zhengsong Qiu ◽  
Weian Huang ◽  
Wenlei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Hot Rolling ◽  
Filter Cake ◽  
Hydrothermal Reaction ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Rolling Temperature ◽  
Polymer Microspheres ◽  
Carbon Spheres ◽  
Cyclodextrin Polymer ◽  
Water Based

Abstract Due to the rapid degradation of conventional biopolymer or synthetic polymeric additives at high temperature (HT) or ultra-high temperatures (ultra-HT), effective control of water-based drilling fluid filtration in HT or Ultra-HT environment is still a great challenge in drilling operation. β-cyclodextrin polymer microspheres (β-CPMs), generally using for drug release and waste water treatment, are evaluated as environmentally friendly ultra-HT filtration reducer. The impact of the microspheres on water-based drilling fluids’ properties including rheology and filtration prior to and after hot rolling at different temperatures ranging from 120 to 240°C was investigated. The high temperature and high pressure (HTHP) filtration properties of the microspheres compared to several commercial high temperature filtration reducers were conducted according to the API recommended procedures. The filtration controlling mechanism was analyzed from zeta potential measurement, particle size distribution measurement, and scanning electron microscope observation of filter cake. The results indicated that the β-CPMs exhibited peculiar filtration behavior differently from conventional additives. When the hot rolling temperature was below 160℃, β-CPMs performed a 30% filtration reduction at 1 w/v% content in comparison with control sample. Once the hot rolling temperature was above 160℃, the capacity of filtration control was further improved with increasing temperatures. This is contrast with conventional filtration reducers that the filtration control capacity deteriorate with increasing temperatures. The microspheres still exhibited superior filtration control after exposure to 240℃. Furthermore, β-CPMs showed little effect on the drilling fluid's rheology. When the temperature was below 160℃, the filtration reduction was obtained by water absorption and swelling of β-CPMs. When the temperature was above 160℃, hydrothermal reaction occurred for β-CPMs. Numerous micro- and nano-sized carbon spheres formed, which bridge across micro and nanopores within filter cake and reduce the filter cake permeability effectively. When the temperature was higher than 160℃, hydrothermal reaction occurs. Carbon spheres generated by the hydrothermal degradation of the β-CPMs, which are responsible for the effective filtration control. The hydrothermal reaction changes the adverse effect of high temperature into favorable improvement of filtration control, which provides a novel avenue for HT and ultra-HT filtration control. The β-CPMs show potential application in deep well drilling as environmental friendly and high temperature filtration reducers.

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