Comparison of Streamline Reservoir Simulation of Brine Flow, Mixing and Barium Sulphate Induced Formation Damage with Observed Produced Water Chemical Data to Aid Scale Management

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yisheng Hu ◽  
Eric Mackay ◽  
Oscar Vazquez ◽  
Oleg Ishkov
Keyword(s):  
Reservoir Simulation ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Barium Sulphate ◽  
Chemical Data ◽  
Formation Damage ◽  
Flow Mixing ◽  
Scale Management

Integrated Modeling of Formation Damage and Multiple Induced Hydraulic Fractures During Produced Water Reinjection

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Fischer ◽  
F. C. Ferreira ◽  
B. B. Holzberg ◽  
J. S. Pastor ◽  
L. Reinli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Produced Water ◽  
Integrated Modeling ◽  
Formation Damage ◽  
Hydraulic Fractures

Application of Multirate Tests to Scale Management: Part 1--Interpretation of Produced-Water Analyses

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (02) ◽  
pp. 211-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross A. McCartney ◽  
Tore Tjomsland ◽  
Bernt Sandøy ◽  
Finn H. Fadnes
Keyword(s):  
Produced Water ◽  
Water Analyses ◽  
Scale Management

New method of controlling excessive water production in wells using induced formation damage

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 485
Author(s):  
Abbas Zeinijahromi ◽  
Pavel Bedrikovetski
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Formation Damage ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Permeable Barrier ◽  
Water Influx ◽  
Excessive Water

Excessive water production is a major factor in reduced well productivity. This can result from water channelling from the water table to the well through natural fractures or faults, water breakthrough in high permeability zones, or water coning. The use of foams or gels for controlling water production through high-permeable layers has been tested successfully in several field cases. A large treatment volume, however, is required to block the water influx that generally involves high operational and material costs. This extended abstract proposes a new cost-effective method of creating a low-permeable barrier against the produced water with induced formation damage. The method includes applying induced formation damage to block the water influx without hindering the oil production. This can be achieved by injection of a small slug of fresh water into the water-producing layer. This results in release of in situ fines from the matrix, which can decrease permeability and create a local low-permeable barrier to the producing water. In large-scale approximation, water injection with induced fines migration is analogous to polymer flooding. This analogy is used to model the fresh water with induced formation damage. Sensitivity studies showed that the injection of 0.01 PVI of fresh water resulted in the blockage of the water-producing layer and an incremental recovery by 8% in field case A, with respect to the standard production scenario. The authors found that the incremental gas recovery with induced formation damage was sensitive to reservoir heterogeneity, permeability reduction and slug volume.

Optimising Oil Field Net Present Value with Produced Water Salinities and Tracers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babalola Daramola
Keyword(s):  
Reservoir Simulation ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Water Flooding ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
History Match ◽  
Infill Drilling ◽  
Salinity Data

Abstract This paper presents case studies of how produced water salinity data was used to transform the performance of two oil producing fields in Nigeria. Produced water salinity data was used to improve Field B’s reservoir simulation history match, generate infill drilling targets, and reinstate Field C’s oil production. A reservoir simulation study was unable to history match the water cut in 3 production wells in Field B. Water salinity data enabled the asset team to estimate the arrival time of injected sea water at each production well in oil field B. This improved the reservoir simulation history match, increased model confidence, and validated the simulation model for the placement of infill drilling targets. The asset team also gained additional insight on the existing water flood performance, transformed the water flooding strategy, and added 9.6 MMSTB oil reserves. The asset team at Field C was unable to recover oil production from a well after it died suddenly. The team evaluated water salinity data, which suggested scale build up in the well, and completed a bottom-hole camera survey to prove the diagnosis. This justified a scale clean-out workover, and added 5000 barrels per day of oil production. A case study of how injection tracer data was used to characterise a water injection short circuit in Field D is also presented. Methods of using produced water salinity and injection tracer data to manage base production and add significant value to petroleum fields are presented. Produced water salinity and injection tracer data also simplify water injection connectivity evaluations, and can be used to justify test pipeline and test separator installation for data acquisition.

Produced Water Quality: The Effects of Different Separation Methods for Water and Chemical Floods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jawaher Almorihil ◽  
Aurélie Mouret ◽  
Isabelle Hénaut ◽  
Vincent Mirallès ◽  
Abdulkareem AlSofi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Formation Damage ◽  
Residual Oil ◽  
Separation Plant ◽  
Deep Bed Filtration ◽  
Separation Techniques ◽  
Gravity Settling

Abstract Gravity settling represents the main oil-water separation mechanism. Many separation plants rely only on gravity settling with the aid of demulsifiers (direct or reverse breakers) and other chemicals such as water clarifiers if they are required. Yet, other complementary separation methods exist including filtration, flotation, and centrifugation. In terms of results and more specifically with respect to the separated produced-water, the main threshold on its quality is the dispersed oil content. Even with zero discharge and reinjection into hydrocarbon formations, the presence of residual oil in the aqueous phase represents a concern. High oil content results into formation damage and losses in injectivity which necessitates formation stimulations and hence additional operational expenses. In this work, we investigated the effects of different separation techniques on separated water quality. In addition, we studied the impact of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) chemicals on the different separation techniques in terms of efficiency and water quality. Based on the results, we identified potential improvements to the existing separation process. We used synthetic well-characterized emulsions. The emulsions were prepared at the forecast water: oil ratio using dead crude oil and synthetic representative brines with or without the EOR chemicals. To clearly delineate and distinguish the effectiveness of different separation methods, we exacerbated the conditions by preparing very tight emulsions compared with what is observed on site. With that, we investigated three separation techniques: gravity settling, centrifugation, and filtration. First, we used Jar Tests to study gravity settling, then a benchtop centrifuge at two speeds to evaluate centrifugation potential. Finally, for filtration, we tested two options: membrane and deep-bed filtrations. Concerning the water quality, we performed solvent extraction followed by UV analyses to measure the residual oil content as well as light transmission measurements in order to compare the efficiency of different separation methods. The results of analyses suggest that gravity settling was not efficient in removing oil droplets from water. No separation occurred after 20 minutes in every tested condition. However, note that investigated conditions were severe, tighter emulsions are more difficult to separate compared to those currently observed in the actual separation plant. On the other hand, centrifugation significantly improved light transmission through the separated water. Accordingly, we can conclude that the water quality was largely improved by centrifugation even in the presence of EOR chemicals. In terms of filtration, very good water quality was obtained after membrane filtration. However, significant fouling was observed. In the presence of EOR chemicals, filtration lost its effectiveness due to the low interfacial tension with surfactants and water quality became poor. With deep-bed filtration, produced water quality remained good and fouling was no longer observed. However, the benefits from media filtration were annihilated by the presence of EOR chemicals. Based on these results and at least for our case study, we conclude that centrifugation and deep-bed filtration techniques can significantly improve quality of the separated and eventually reinjected water. In terms of the effects of EOR chemicals, the performance of centrifugation is reduced while filtrations are largely impaired by the presence of EOR chemicals. Thereby, integration of any of the two methods in the separation plant will lead to more efficient produced-water reinjection, eliminating formation damage and frequent stimulations. Yet, it is important to note that economics should be further assessed.

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