New method of controlling excessive water production in wells using induced formation damage

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 485
Author(s):  
Abbas Zeinijahromi ◽  
Pavel Bedrikovetski
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Formation Damage ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Permeable Barrier ◽  
Water Influx ◽  
Excessive Water

Excessive water production is a major factor in reduced well productivity. This can result from water channelling from the water table to the well through natural fractures or faults, water breakthrough in high permeability zones, or water coning. The use of foams or gels for controlling water production through high-permeable layers has been tested successfully in several field cases. A large treatment volume, however, is required to block the water influx that generally involves high operational and material costs. This extended abstract proposes a new cost-effective method of creating a low-permeable barrier against the produced water with induced formation damage. The method includes applying induced formation damage to block the water influx without hindering the oil production. This can be achieved by injection of a small slug of fresh water into the water-producing layer. This results in release of in situ fines from the matrix, which can decrease permeability and create a local low-permeable barrier to the producing water. In large-scale approximation, water injection with induced fines migration is analogous to polymer flooding. This analogy is used to model the fresh water with induced formation damage. Sensitivity studies showed that the injection of 0.01 PVI of fresh water resulted in the blockage of the water-producing layer and an incremental recovery by 8% in field case A, with respect to the standard production scenario. The authors found that the incremental gas recovery with induced formation damage was sensitive to reservoir heterogeneity, permeability reduction and slug volume.

GRE Lined OCTG as a Cost-Effective Solution for Water Disposal Wells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gervasio Pimenta ◽  
Mohamad Hussain Ahmad ◽  
Akio Mizukami ◽  
Bogdan Andres
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitor ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Oxygen Scavenger ◽  
Water Disposal ◽  
Monitoring Activities

Abstract Glass Reinforced Epoxy (GRE), lining systems for API 5CT tubing have gained prominence in O&G industry, essentially due to the fact that GRE constitutes a physical barrier protecting the OCTG pipe from corrosive environment, and minimizing issues with scale deposition. ADNOC group companies have been building experience on the implementation of GRE Lined L-80 tubing by successfully using it in produced water disposal wells. Produced water is a highly corrosive medium due to dissolved CO2, H2S high to very high chloride content, high TDS, eventually containing bacteria. The corrosiveness of the fluid increases as the temperature increase from temperatures in the range of 30 – 50 degC at surface to reservoir temperature. The aggressiveness of this medium towards API 5CT L-80 or 13Cr / modified 13Cr increases with its contamination with oxygen. Dissolved oxygen is a strong depolarizer leading to high pitting rates if dissolved O2 content in the water is above 10 or 20ppb. Conventional completion of WDW in ADNOC Onshore is based on API 5CT L-80, and short life of the completion strings has been attributed to deficient water treatment (lack of oxygen scavenger, corrosion inhibitor unsuitable for downhole conditions. A life cycle cost analysis suggests that GRE lined OCTG could be a cost-effective solution for water injection. For this life cycle cost assessment, CAPEX (cost of L-80 completion string, combo corrosion inhibitor & oxygen scavenger skid and OPEX: cost of Combo chemical and monitoring activities for design life were considered, while achieving the required level of well integrity and lower operational safety risks (e.g. handling hazardous chemicals, monitoring activities)

Measurement of Thermoelectric Potential Coupling Coefficient for Sandstone Rock Sample

2016 ◽  
Vol 819 ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
Mohd Zaidi bin Jaafar ◽  
Abdul Razak Ismail ◽  
Mohamad Kamil bin Saharuddin ◽  
Siti Mardhiah binti Mohd Anuar ◽  
Siti Rahmah bte Suradi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Coupling Coefficient ◽  
Rock Sample ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Control Valve ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Coupling Coefficients ◽  
Voltage Versus ◽  
Sandstone Rock ◽  
Excessive Water

Excessive water production is one of the main problems that occur during hydrocarbon production. During water injection, the less viscous water which has higher mobility than the reservoir fluid, tends to by-pass the oil. This phenomenon is normally called water fingering. Density difference between denser water and oil makes the water segregate to the bottom of layer, creating water tongue. Uncontrolled excessive water production will reduce oil production potential and increase the cost for water management and treatment. This phenomenon is economical unfavorable. Intelligent well integrated with monitoring systems and inflow control valve (ICV) has been applied in producing hydrocarbon. The excessive flow of water into well can be controlled using ICV. There are various methods and approaches been proposed to control water production. One of them is by measuring the spontaneous potential (SP) using permanent sensor outside the insulated casing. However, thermoelectric (TE) potential could also contribute to the measurement of the SP. The main objective of this experiment is to measure TE potential across sandstone rock sample at four different salinities which are 0.001M, 0.01M, 0.1M, and 1.0M of brine (NaCl). The core samples dimension is 7.62 cm in length and 3.81 cm in diameter. Temperature difference up to 80°C was applied to rock sample inducing different TE potentials at different salinities. Gradual heating technique was applied in creating temperature difference by using a temperature controller. Three different experiments were conducted for each salinity and real-time voltage (V) and temperature (T) were recorded using data acquisition system. Then the TE coupling coefficient can be determined by calculating the slope after plotting Voltage versus Temperature Difference. The result is as the salinity increases, TE coupling coefficient decrease and drop to zero around 0.1M. The result shows small but still measurable thermoelectric coupling coefficients.

Investigating Effects of Graphene Nanoinclusions for Improved Desalination Rates of Salt Water Under Solar Heat

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinay Patil ◽  
Aybala Usta ◽  
Muhammad M. Rahman ◽  
Ramazan Asmatulu
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hexagonal Shape ◽  
Water Problem ◽  
The Many

The development of sustainable, cost-effective, reliable, efficient and stable materials and methods for continuous fresh water production is crucial for many regions of the world. Among the many other options, graphene nanoflakes seem to be good option to solve the global water problem due to their low energy cost and simple operational process to purify waste water. The produced water can be used for drinking, agriculture, gardening, medical, industrial and other purposes. Most of the nanofilter-based multifunctional fresh water systems do not require large infrastructures or centralized systems, and can be portable to remote regions for efficient water treatment. Graphene was discovered as a single-layer of isolated graphite atoms arranged in 2D hexagonal shape, making it the thinnest and strongest material known to date. Despite its intriguing mechanical, thermal and electrical properties, usage of graphene for different industries has not been investigated in detail. The present study investigated the availability and practical use of graphene inclusions for desalination of salt water to produce fresh water. In the present study, graphene was added to 3.5wt% salt water (similar to sea water) at different percentages. Graphene has a high absorption capability to convert solar energy into heat to enhance the evaporation rate of salt water. The graphene inclusions can also be used to remove bacteria, viruses, fungi, heavy metals and ions, complex organic and inorganic compounds, and other pathogens and pollutants present in various water sources (e.g., surface, ground water, and industrial water).

scholarly journals A CASE STUDY OF FORMATION DAMAGE MITIGATION ON “X” FIELD, SUMATRA

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-179
Author(s):  
Septi Anggraeni
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Reservoir Rock ◽  
Formation Damage ◽  
Oil Well ◽  
Potential Damage ◽  
Oil Company

Formation damage might cause low oil well productivity, therefore it is very important to effectively handle this issue. In fact, every operation in the field-drilling, completion, workover, production and stimulation, is a potential source of formation damage. In this case study, the oil company “A” plan to dispose produced water into Formation B, J, K, D,M. Laboratory tests were performed to investigate the effect of the injection of water into the reservoir formation. The experiment was conducted by measuring water permeability as a function of fluid volume injection. In addition, XRD analysis was also performed on effluent filtrate to support the results. Prior to investigating the sensitivity of reservoir rock to the fluid injection, the samples were injected with fresh water, saline water, produced water collected from Central Injection Facility, and also Filtered CIF Water. The results indicated that all formations were sensitive to fresh water and produced water. Moreover, the use of a filter will improve the water quality. Therefore, the produced water should be treated by using a filter and increasing water salinity. The XRD analysis showed that the potential damage is mostly caused by fine migration clay, however, swelling clay is also present in the small part of formation. The test results will be used for water treatment design, so as to minimize formation damage.

Efficient Schedule of Energy-Constrained UAV Using Crowdsourced Buses in Last-Mile Parcel Delivery

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Yan Pan ◽  
Shining Li ◽  
Qianwu Chen ◽  
Nan Zhang ◽  
Tao Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Scheduling Algorithm ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Logistics Industry ◽  
Last Mile ◽  
Delivery Scheduling ◽  
Schedule Approach

Stimulated by the dramatical service demand in the logistics industry, logistics trucks employed in last-mile parcel delivery bring critical public concerns, such as heavy cost burden, traffic congestion and air pollution. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are a promising alternative tool in last-mile delivery, which is however limited by insufficient flight range and load capacity. This paper presents an innovative energy-limited logistics UAV schedule approach using crowdsourced buses. Specifically, when one UAV delivers a parcel, it first lands on a crowdsourced social bus to parcel destination, gets recharged by the wireless recharger deployed on the bus, and then flies from the bus to the parcel destination. This novel approach not only increases the delivery range and load capacity of battery-limited UAVs, but is also much more cost-effective and environment-friendly than traditional methods. New challenges therefore emerge as the buses with spatiotemporal mobility become the bottleneck during delivery. By landing on buses, an Energy-Neutral Flight Principle and a delivery scheduling algorithm are proposed for the UAVs. Using the Energy-Neutral Flight Principle, each UAV can plan a flying path without depleting energy given buses with uncertain velocities. Besides, the delivery scheduling algorithm optimizes the delivery time and number of delivered parcels given warehouse location, logistics UAVs, parcel locations and buses. Comprehensive evaluations using a large-scale bus dataset demonstrate the superiority of the innovative logistics UAV schedule approach.

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