Fully-Coupled Numerical Evaluations of Multiwell Completion Schemes: The Critical Role of In-Situ Pressure Changes and Well Configuration

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Nagel ◽  
F. Sheibani ◽  
B. Lee ◽  
A. Agharazi ◽  
F. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Pressure Changes ◽  
Fully Coupled

Molecular modulation of calcium oxalate crystallization

2006 ◽  
Vol 291 (6) ◽  
pp. F1123-F1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. De Yoreo ◽  
S. Roger Qiu ◽  
John R. Hoyer
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Modeling ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Specific Interactions ◽  
Crystal Surfaces ◽  
Site Specific

Calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) is the primary constituent of the majority of renal stones. Osteopontin (OPN), an aspartic acid-rich urinary protein, and citrate, a much smaller molecule, are potent inhibitors of COM crystallization at levels present in normal urine. Current concepts of the role of site-specific interactions in crystallization derived from studies of biomineralization are reviewed to provide a context for understanding modulation of COM growth at a molecular level. Results from in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses of the effects of citrate and OPN on growth verified the critical role of site-specific interactions between these growth modulators and individual steps on COM crystal surfaces. Molecular modeling investigations of interactions of citrate with steps and faces on COM crystal surfaces provided links between the stereochemistry of interaction and the binding energy levels that underlie mechanisms of growth modification and changes in overall crystal morphology. The combination of in situ AFM and molecular modeling provides new knowledge that will aid rationale design of therapeutic agents for inhibition of stone formation.

scholarly journals Treatment of Metastatic Disease through Natural Killer Cell Modulation by Infected Cell Vaccines

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 434
Author(s):  
Seyedeh Raheleh Niavarani ◽  
Christine Lawson ◽  
Lee-Hwa Tai
Keyword(s):  
Infected Cell ◽  
Natural Killer ◽  
Tumor Antigens ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Killer Cell ◽  
Oncolytic Viruses ◽  
Cell Vaccine ◽  
Tumor Killing

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are a form of immunotherapy that release tumor antigens in the context of highly immunogenic viral signals following tumor-targeted infection and destruction. Emerging preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that this in situ vaccine effect is critical for successful viro-immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the application of OV as an infected cell vaccine (ICV) as one method of enhancing the potency and breadth of anti-tumoral immunity. We focus on understanding and manipulating the critical role of natural killer (NK) cells and their interactions with other immune cells to promote a clinical outcome. With a synergistic tumor killing and immune activating mechanism, ICVs represent a valuable new addition to the cancer fighting toolbox with the potential to treat malignant disease.

Wellbore Failure During Water-Alternating-Gas Injection by Use of Flow-Stress Coupling Method

SPE Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (01) ◽  
pp. 172-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmood Bataee ◽  
Sonny Irawan ◽  
Syahrir Ridha ◽  
Hamed Hematpour ◽  
Zakaria Hamdi
Keyword(s):  
Coupling Method ◽  
Injection Wells ◽  
Iterative Coupling ◽  
Water Alternating Gas ◽  
Porosity And Permeability ◽  
Volume Method ◽  
Pressure Changes ◽  
Wellbore Failure

Summary Accurate evaluation of failure pressure is crucial in the design of injection wells. Besides, in-situ stresses play an important role in obtaining the results. Pressure and rock stresses are related together as the role of effective-stress theorem. In fact, pressure changes with stress alteration caused by change in porosity and permeability. Therefore, it should be obtained with the coupling method. Moreover, to calculate pressure, temperature, and stress in the fully coupling method, a huge matrix should be solved, and it takes long processing time to implement it. Therefore, this study developed a wellbore geomechanical model for stability during injection by use of the iterative coupling method. The processing speed was enhanced in this study because the parameters were calculated separately. The parameters of pressure, temperature, saturation, and stress were obtained for the multiphase-flow condition with numerical modeling. Furthermore, in this study, the finite-difference method (FDM) had been used to solve pressure, temperature, and saturation, whereas the finite-volume method (FVM) was applied to solve the wellbore stress. On top of that, the iterative coupling method was used to improve the accuracy of the stress results. As a result, a correction of approximately 20 psi (0.14 MPa) was noted for pressure in relation to stress, which is 1 psi (6.89 kPa). Moreover, the Drucker-Prager failure criterion was used to model the fracturing on the basis of the stress results. Other than that, sensitivity analysis on horizontal maximum (σH) and minimum (σh) stresses showed that by increasing σH, the maximum injection pressures to avoid fracturing had been reduced, whereas in the case for σh, an increment was observed.

scholarly journals Robust procedure for creating and characterizing the atomic structure of scanning tunneling microscope tips

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2389-2395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumit Tewari ◽  
Koen M Bastiaans ◽  
Milan P Allan ◽  
Jan M van Ruitenbeek
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Structure ◽  
Scanning Tunneling Microscope ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Atomic Layer ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Tunneling Microscope ◽  
Stm Tips

Scanning tunneling microscopes (STM) are used extensively for studying and manipulating matter at the atomic scale. In spite of the critical role of the STM tip, procedures for controlling the atomic-scale shape of STM tips have not been rigorously justified. Here, we present a method for preparing tips in situ while ensuring the crystalline structure and a reproducibly prepared tip structure up to the second atomic layer. We demonstrate a controlled evolution of such tips starting from undefined tip shapes.

A Discussion on the measurement and interpretation of changes of strain in the Earth - Role of pore fluids in faulting

1973 ◽  
Vol 274 (1239) ◽  
pp. 297-304 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pore Pressure ◽  
San Andreas Fault ◽  
Fault Creep ◽  
Time Constants ◽  
San Andreas ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Shallow Earthquakes ◽  
Pressure Changes

We consider three in situ processes which involve fluid flow in the crust: fault creep, aftershocks and dilatancy. Measurements of water level in wells suggest that creep events on the San Andreas fault are coupled with pore pressure changes. Readjustment of transient pore pressure, induced by large shallow earthquakes, possess the correct time constants and magnitudes to explain the occurrence of aftershocks. And finally, temporal changes of travel times in the Gram district (U.S.S.R.) imply that dilatancy may occur in situ.

scholarly journals In situ FTIR study of CO2 reduction on inorganic analogues of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Eun Lee ◽  
Akira Yamaguchi ◽  
Hideshi Ooka ◽  
Tomohiro Kazami ◽  
Masahiro Miyauchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Dehydrogenase ◽  
In Situ Ftir ◽  
Ftir Study ◽  
Ir Study

In situ electrochemical IR study of the CO2 reduction by inorganic analogues of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH) reveals the critical role of Ni in the activity and selectivity of Fe sulfides for CO2 reduction.

Abstract 448: Etv2-Mir130a-Jarid2 Cascade Regulates Vascular Patterning During Embryogenesis

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhairab N Singh ◽  
Naoyuki Tahara ◽  
Yasuhiko Kawakami ◽  
Naoko Koyano-Nakagawa ◽  
Wuming Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Zebrafish Embryos ◽  
Vascular Patterning ◽  
Downstream Target

Remodeling of the pre-existing primitive vasculature is necessary for the formation of a complex branched vascular architecture. However, the factors that modulate these processes are incompletely defined. Previously, we defined the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in endothelial specification. In the present study, we further examined the Etv2-Cre mediated ablation of Dicer L/L and characterized the perturbed vascular patterning in the embryo proper and yolk-sac. We mechanistically defined an important role for miR-130a , an Etv2 downstream target, in the mediation of vascular patterning and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo . Inducible overexpression of miR-130a resulted in robust induction of vascular sprouts and angiogenesis with increased uptake of acetylated-LDL. Mechanistically, miR-130a directly regulates Jarid2 expression by binding to its 3’-UTR region. CRISPR/Cas9 mediated knockout of miR-130a showed increased levels of Jarid2 in the ES/EB system. Further, the levels of Jarid2 transcripts were increased in the Etv2-null embryos at E8.5. In the in vivo settings, injection of miR-130a specific morpholinos in zebrafish embryos resulted in perturbed vascular patterning with reduced levels of endothelial transcripts in the miR-130a morphants. qPCR and in situ hybridization techniques demonstrated increased expression of jarid2a in the miR-130a morphants in vivo . These findings demonstrate a critical role for Etv2-miR-130a-Jarid2 in vascular patterning both in vitro and in vivo .

scholarly journals Radixin Is Involved in Lamellipodial Stability during Nerve Growth Cone Motility

1999 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1511-1520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Castelo ◽  
Daniel G. Jay
Keyword(s):  
Growth Cone ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Growth Cones ◽  
Forward Movement ◽  
Nerve Growth ◽  
Nerve Growth Cone

Immunocytochemistry and in vitro studies have suggested that the ERM (ezrin-radixin-moesin) protein, radixin, may have a role in nerve growth cone motility. We tested the in situ role of radixin in chick dorsal root ganglion growth cones by observing the effects of its localized and acute inactivation. Microscale chromophore-assisted laser inactivation (micro-CALI) of radixin in growth cones causes a 30% reduction of lamellipodial area within the irradiated region whereas all control treatments did not affect lamellipodia. Micro-CALI of radixin targeted to the middle of the leading edge often split growth cones to form two smaller growth cones during continued forward movement (>80%). These findings suggest a critical role for radixin in growth cone lamellipodia that is similar to ezrin function in pseudopodia of transformed fibroblasts. They are consistent with radixin linking actin filaments to each other or to the membrane during motility.

scholarly journals Coral recruitment: the critical role of early post-settlement survival

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 1294-1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephane Martinez ◽  
Avigdor Abelson
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Coral Recruitment ◽  
Coral Larva ◽  
Set Up ◽  
In Situ Detection

Abstract Martinez, S., and Abelson, A. 2013. Coral recruitment: the critical role of early post-settlement survival. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: . Coral recruitment is a pivotal factor in coral reef stability and in recovery following substantial disturbances. Despite its immense importance, the study of coral recruitment has some major gaps, notably larval survival before and following settlement, mainly due to technical limitations, which stem from the difficulty in observing the minute larvae. To overcome the major limitation in coral recruitment studies, i.e. the in situ detection of recruits during their early stages, we designed a new detection set-up, composed of a fluorescence detection set-up, a grid-covered substrate, and a Geographic Information System tracking system. This set-up, enabling the identification of coral recruits soon after settlement, revealed that in the critical period of the first day, less than 45% of the settling corals may survive. The results also suggest that either coral larva select locations that may increase their survival chances or they experience dramatic mortality during the early hours of settlement, which induce a consistent pattern of spat distribution. Our study confirms an earlier speculation that the first 24 h post-settlement may determine the rates and spatial patterns of recruitment. The significant implications of these findings, and the implemented “detection set-up” for coral reef monitoring and management, are discussed.

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