Effect of Capillary Pressure on Phase Behavior in Tight Rocks and Shales

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (03) ◽  
pp. 281-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.. Nojabaei ◽  
R.T.. T. Johns ◽  
L.. Chu
Keyword(s):  
Phase Behavior ◽  
Capillary Pressure ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Bakken Formation ◽  
Equilibrium Equations ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Small Pore ◽  
The Impact

Summary Phase behavior is important in the calculation of hydrocarbons in place and in the flow of phases through the rocks. Pore sizes can be on the order of nanometers for shale and tight-rock formations. Such small pores can affect the phase behavior of in-situ oil and gas because of increased capillary pressure. Not accounting for increased capillary pressure in small pores can lead to inaccurate estimates of ultimate recovery, and of saturation pressures. In this paper, capillary pressure is coupled with phase equilibrium equations, and the resulting system of nonlinear fugacity equations is solved to present a comprehensive examination of the effect of small pores on saturation pressures and fluid densities. Binary mixtures of methane with heavier hydrocarbons and a real reservoir fluid from the Bakken shale are considered. The results show that accounting for the impact of small pore throats on pressure/volume/temperature (PVT) properties explains the inconsistent gas/oil-ratio (GOR) behavior, high flowing bottomhole pressures, and low gas-flow rate observed in the tight Bakken formation. The small pores decrease bubble-point pressures and either decrease or increase dew-point pressures, depending on which part of the two-phase envelope is examined. Large capillary pressure also decreases the oil density in situ, which affects the oil formation volume factor and ultimate reserves calculations. A good history match for wells in the middle Bakken formation is obtained only after considering a suppressed bubblepoint pressure. The results show that the change in saturation pressures, fluid densities, and viscosities is highly dependent on the values of interfacial tension (IFT) (capillary pressure) used in the calculations.

Two-Phase Flows in Mini-/Micro-Gas Flow Channels of PEM Fuel Cells

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Chan Cho ◽  
Yun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Fluid Model ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Micro Gas Flow ◽  
Two Fluid Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Two Fluid ◽  
Phase Pressure

In this paper, two-phase flow dynamics in a micro channel with various wall conditions are both experimentally and theoretically investigated. Annulus, wavy and slug flow patterns are observed and location of liquid phase on different wall condition is visualized. The impact of flow structure on two-phase pressure drop is explained. Two-phase pressure drop is compared to a two-fluid model with relative permeability correlation. Optimization of correlation is conducted for each experimental case and theoretical solution for the flows in a circular channel is developed for annulus flow pattern showing a good match with experimental data in homogeneous channel case.

scholarly journals Numerical Simulation of Gas-Particle Two-Phase Flow in a Nozzle with DG Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duan Maochang ◽  
Yu Xijun ◽  
Chen Dawei ◽  
Qing Fang ◽  
Zou Shijun
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Governing Equations ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Dg Method ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, the discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method is applied to solve the governing equations of the dispersed two-phase flow with the two-fluid Euler/Euler approach. The resulting governing equations are simple in form and the solution process is very natural. The characteristics of the gas-particle two-phase flow in an engine nozzle are mainly analyzed, and the impacts of the particle mass fraction and particle size on the flow field and engine performance are evaluated. Because of the addition of particles, the gas flow field undergoes significant modifications. Increase in the mass fraction leads to a significant thrust loss in the gas phase, and the impact of the particles on the gas phase could be substantial. Therefore, a quantitative study of thrust loss in the nozzle due to the particle impact is made. It is found that the gas thrust in the two-phase flow is reduced, but the total thrust of the two-phase flow increases to a certain extent.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on the Effect of CO2 on Phase Behavior Characteristics of Condensate Gas Reservoir

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Dali Hou ◽  
Ying Jia ◽  
Yunqing Shi ◽  
Rui Zhao ◽  
Hongming Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Phase Behavior ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Gas Reservoirs ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Extraction Capacity ◽  
Gas System ◽  
Behavior Characteristics

In this paper, the DBR all-visible mercury-free high-temperature and high-pressure multifunctional formation fluid PVT analyzer developed and produced by Schlumberger company is used to conduct an experimental study on phase behavior characteristics of one offshore high CO2 condensate gas wells. The experiments include two-phase flash experiment, constant composition expansion experiment (CCE experiment), and constant volume depletion experiment (CVD experiment). Experimental results show that the higher the CO2 content in the condensate gas system, the higher the gas-oil ratio of condensate gas, the greater the density of condensate oil, the higher the dew point pressure of condensate gas, the greater the relative volume of condensate gas, the smaller the amount of retrograde condensate oil. And the higher the CO2 content in the condensate gas system, the phase diagram is shifted to the left and up, the critical point of the phase diagram is shifted to the lower left, the smaller the area of the two-phase envelope, the lighter the condensate gas system, the condensate oil recovery is higher. The above experimental results revealed that CO2 is well soluble with condensate gas, the expansion capacity of the condensate gas system was slightly enhanced, and because CO2 has a good extraction capacity, the light components of condensate gas were constantly extracted, the retrograde condensate rate of condensate oil decreases, and the maximum retrograde condensate volume also decreased. However, the condensate oil was produced along with the natural gas, and the higher the CO2 content, the stronger the extraction, the more condensate oil was produced. It is mainly because CO2 has the strong gasification and extraction capacity, on the one hand, the retrograde condensation of condensate gas was inhibited, and on the other hand, reverse evaporation of condensate oil was enhanced. The above experimental results indicate the law of the effect of CO2 on the phase behavior characteristics of condensate gas reservoirs, providing theoretical basis and guidance for the efficient development of condensate gas reservoirs at sea.

Numerical Research about Two-Phase Flow under Different Acceleration in SRM with Embedded Nozzle

2013 ◽  
Vol 365-366 ◽  
pp. 233-236
Author(s):  
Xiong Chen ◽  
Hai Feng Xue ◽  
Yong Luo
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Solid Rocket Motor ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Axial Acceleration ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

The complex gas-solid two-phase flow in a full-sized solid rocket motor with embedded nozzle under different acceleration condition was simulated with Euler-Lagrange model. Influences of different particle diameters and acceleration conditions on particle trajectories were analyzed. Simulation results show that the difference between gas flow field and two-phase flow field is significant. The particle accumulation zone above inner wall of chamber and nozzle is mainly concentrated in two regions. The accretion of the particle diameter will cause the following property worse, and the particles can easily form a highly-concentrated aggregation flow. With the increasing of axial-acceleration, the impact point in line2 will move backward in rear head.

scholarly journals Gas-solid Erosion Wear Characteristics of Two-phase Flow Tee Pipe

Mechanika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-200
Author(s):  
Jin HU ◽  
Hao ZHANG ◽  
Jie ZHANG ◽  
Shiwei NIU ◽  
Wenbo CAI
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Erosion Wear ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Wear Characteristics ◽  
Volume Method ◽  
The Impact

Particles erosion wear always consist in the intersection of tee pipe, which is an inevitable problem. In order to obtain the erosion wear characteristics of two-phase flow tee pipe, several cases of different inlet diameters are investigated numerically in this paper. Euler-Lagrange method is adopted to describe the gas-solid two-phase flow and the finite volume method is adopted to solve the erosion results. Meshing O-type grids to obtain the reasonable boundary layer in ICEM CFD. By verifying and comparing the turbulence intensity and velocity of the six meshes, a reasonable finite element model is selected. Intersection, the severest erosion region, is the location where the gas flow direction changes. The inlet diameter determines the region of the impact particles directly hitting the wall. When the inlet diameter is smaller, the erosion of the intersection is severer. As the inlet velocity increases, both the erosion of the intersection and the outlet pipe become severer. However, there are only the erosion scars at the intersection are affected, with the increase of particle mass flow.

scholarly journals Investigations into the Role of Friction for Rigid Penetration into Concrete-Like Material Targets

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 4733
Author(s):  
Ningjing Jiang ◽  
Shufan Wu ◽  
Yile Hu ◽  
Zhongcheng Mu ◽  
Xiaofeng Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Phase Behavior ◽  
Impact Dynamics ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Penetration Process ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Penetration Behavior ◽  
The Impact

Currently, it appears that there is a lack of understanding related to the role of SSF, in the two-phase behavior of the deceleration history, which is an issue discussed recently in the impact dynamics field. This paper analytically and numerically focuses on the effect of SSF on the projectile deceleration characteristic of concrete-like targets. Firstly, the penetration process according to the two-phase feature of the projectile deceleration is revised, where analytical results indicate that the SSF has a phased feature corresponding to the two-phase behavior of the deceleration history. Furthermore, a series of numerical simulations are conducted to understand the role of SSF more clearly. Simulation results show a similar conclusion to the analyses of the two-phase penetration process; at the range below a certain critical striking velocity, adding friction can reproduce the experimental data; when exceeding the critical striking velocity, the simulated results without considering friction are closest to the experimental data. Hence, it could be gained that the role exchange between the SSF and the dynamic term contributes to the two-phase penetration behavior for concrete-like materials. This indicates that the sensitivity of SSF to the penetration process is one of the factors driving the two-phase feature.

Decompression of Gas Pipelines During Longitudinal Ductile Fractures

1979 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
G. G. King
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Ductile Fracture ◽  
Phase Behavior ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Gas Pipelines ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Flow Equations ◽  
Ductile Fractures ◽  
Ductile Mode

An understanding is given of how gas pipelines decompress when they burst and fail longitudinally in a ductile mode. Transient gas flow equations expressing conservation of mass, momentum and energy are used to develop simple and realistic equations for gas pressure decay with time at a moving longitudinal ductile fracture. Gas thermo-dynamic properties and two-phase behavior are discussed. Friction and heat flux affect gas decompression and influence design to control longitudinal ductile fractures in gas pipelines.

The Efficiency Calculation and Structural Optimization of Eddy Composite Drainage and Gas Recovery

2013 ◽  
Vol 838-841 ◽  
pp. 1909-1912
Author(s):  
Chun Bao Ma
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Eddy Current ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Normal Section ◽  
Gas Recovery ◽  
Section Shape ◽  
The Impact

Part of the gas fields utilize eddy current instruments to drainage and gas recovery currently, while the mechanism of drainage and gas recovery is not clear. This article conducts drainage and gas recovery simulating caculation, analyses the impact of gas flow rate, the moisture content of bottomhole and eddy current tool structure of its drainage effect, basing on the theory of gas-liquid two-phase flow. The results show that: the gas flow rate, moisture content and the normal section shape of eddy current tool spiral piece are the main factors that affect the eddy current tools draining. As follows: the larger the gas flowing rate, the better the tool draining effect; when the bottomhole moisture content is less than 10%, the draining effect is not obvious; but when the bottomhole moisture content is greater than 10%, with higher the moisture content, the draining effect is more obvious; the normal section shape of spiral piece is better to be rectangular rather than trapezoidal; the direction of rotation of the spiral piece (left and right hand) has little effect on draining.

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