Investigation of the Mitigation of Lost Circulation in Oil-Based Drilling Fluids by Use of Gilsonite

SPE Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (06) ◽  
pp. 1184-1191 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.. Guo ◽  
J.. Voncken ◽  
T.. Opstal ◽  
R.. Dams ◽  
P.L.J.. L.J. Zitha
Keyword(s):  
Filter Cake ◽  
American Petroleum Institute ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Essential Property ◽  
Ct Scanner ◽  
Lost Circulation ◽  
Emulsion Droplets ◽  
Simple Physical Model

Summary Fluid-loss control is an essential property of oil-based mud (OBM) that can affect the success of drilling operations. This paper presents an investigation of the mitigation of lost circulation in OBM by use of leakoff-control-additive gilsonite. A simple physical model was developed to describe the static-filtration process considering the formation and properties of the filter cake. Both high-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) American Petroleum Institute (API) press and core-flow-filtration experiments were performed to evaluate the leakoff behavior of OBM. Core-filtration experiments were carried with the aid of a computerized-tomography (CT) scanner to monitor the invasion of the filtrate into the sandstone core at time intervals. In the long time limit, the model predicts that the fluid loss follows the classical Carter equation; that is, the volume of leakoff increases as the square root of time for the static filtration through a filter paper and through the sandstone core. Dual-mode filtration diminishes the rate of fluid loss considering the effect of emulsion. The model also provides a relation between pressure drop and filtrate rate, which can be used to estimate the permeability of filter cake in the experiment. The leakoff behavior with additive observed in the experiment is well-explained by the microstructure of rapid-buildup filter cake, which is mainly responsible for the control of fluid loss. The role of different components of OBM, such as solid particles, emulsion droplets, and additives, is discussed in light of our observations.

Effect of Nanofluids of CuO and ZnO in Polyethylene Glycol and Polyvinylpyrrolidone on the Thermal, Electrical, and Filtration-Loss Properties of Water-Based Drilling Fluids

SPE Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (02) ◽  
pp. 405-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swaminathan Ponmani ◽  
R.. Nagarajan ◽  
Jitendra S. Sangwai
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
American Petroleum Institute ◽  
Filter Press ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Lost Circulation ◽  
Filtration Loss ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Oilfield Operations

Summary The challenges in drilling problems such as formation damage, pipe sticking, lost circulation, poor hole cleaning, and fluid loss need better solutions. Nanotechnology, by means of nanofluids, provides potential solutions for the development of improved water-based mud (WBM). This work presents the use of nanofluids of CuO and ZnO prepared in various base fluids, such as xanthan gum, polyethylene glycol, and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), which are commonly used in oilfield operations, for the development of nanofluid-enhanced drilling mud (NWBM). In this paper, formulations of various nanofluids with varying concentrations of nanoparticles, such as 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 wt%, were investigated for their effect on the thermal, electrical, and fluid-loss properties of NWBM. In addition, these results also were compared with those obtained with microfluids of CuO and ZnO for the microfluid-enhanced drilling mud (MWBM) to understand the effect of particle size. It is observed that the use of nanofluids in WBM helps to improve their thermal properties, with an associated direct impact on their cooling efficiency at downhole and surface conditions compared with those using microfluid. Filtration-loss and filter-cake-thickness studies on WBM, MWBM, and NWBM were also carried out with an American Petroleum Institute (API) filter press. It is observed that the fluid loss decreases with addition of the nanofluids and microfluids in WBM, with nanofluids showing an improved efficacy over microfluids. The studies, in general, bear testimony to the efficacy of nanofluids in the development of next-generation improved water-based drilling fluids suitable for efficient drilling.

Evaluation of Constitutive Equation for Stress in Solids in Porous Media Composed of Bridging Agents Used in Drilling Fluids

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 1878-1883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Arantes Moreira ◽  
Flávia Cristina Assis Silva ◽  
Larissa dos Santos Sousa ◽  
Fábio de Oliveira Arouca ◽  
João Jorge Ribeiro Damasceno
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Constitutive Equation ◽  
Filter Cake ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Oil Well ◽  
Well Drilling ◽  
Drilling Operations ◽  
The Stability

During oil well drilling processes in reservoir-rocks, the drilling fluid invades the formation, forming a layer of particles called filter cake. The formation of a thin filter cake and low permeability helps to control the drilling operation, ensuring the stability of the well and reducing the fluid loss of the liquid phase in the interior of the rocks. The empirical determination of the constitutive equation for the stress in solids is essential to evaluate the filtration and filter cake formation in drilling operations, enabling the operation simulation. In this context, this study aims to evaluate the relationship between the porosity and stress in solids of porous media composed of bridging agents used in drilling fluids. The concentration distribution in sediments was determined using a non-destructive technique based on the measure of attenuated gamma rays. The procedure employed in this study avoids the use of compression-permeability cell for the sediment characterization.

scholarly journals Numerical Evaluation of CFD-DEM Coupling Applied to Lost Circulation Control: Effects of Particle and Flow Inertia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos V. Barbosa ◽  
Fernando C. De Lai ◽  
Silvio L. M. Junqueira
Keyword(s):  
Density Ratio ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Vertical Channel ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Discrete Phase Model ◽  
Particle Injection ◽  
Lost Circulation ◽  
Channel Bottom

In the present study, the transport and deposition of solid particles to mitigate the loss circulation of fluid through a fracture transversely placed to a vertical channel is numerically investigated. These solid particles (commonly known in the industry as lost circulation materials—LCMs) are injected into the flow during the drilling operation in the petroleum industry, in hopes to control the fluid loss. The numerical simulation of the process follows a two-stage process: the first characterizes the lost circulation flow and the second the particle injection. The numerical model comprises an Eulerian–Lagrangian approach, in which the dense discrete phase model (DDPM) is combined with the discrete element method (DEM). A parametric analysis is done by varying the vertical channel Reynolds number, the particle-to-fluid density ratio, and the particle diameter. Results are shown in terms of the particle’s bed geometric characteristics, focusing on the location inside the fracture where the particles deposit, and the particle bed length, height, and time spent to fill the fracture. Also monitored are the fluid loss reduction over time and the fractured channel bottom pressure (which can be related to the fracture pressure). Results indicate that using a slow/intermediate flow velocity, associated with heavy particles with small diameters, provides the best combination for the efficient mitigation of the fluid loss process.

Synthesis and properties of high temperature resistant and salt tolerant filtrate reducer N,N-dimethylacrylamide 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propyl dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride N-vinylpyrrolidone quadripolymer

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 627-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengguo Zhao ◽  
Xiaolin Pu ◽  
Luo Xiao ◽  
Gui Wang ◽  
Junlin Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Filter Cake ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Fluid Filtration ◽  
Good Thermal Stability

Abstract N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMAA), 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propyl (AMPS), dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride (DMDAAC) and N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) monomers were copolymerized to synthesize a zwitterionic copolymer filtrate reducer. The results of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) indicated that the molecular structure and chemical compositions of the quadripolymer matched with the design, and the result of the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)-thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the polymer had good thermal stability. The effects of the quadripolymer on the properties and salt tolerance of drilling fluids were investigated. The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) was used to observe the microstructure of the DMAA/AMPS/DMDAAC/NVP quadripolymer-bentonite system and filter cake of the drilling fluid added the copolymer. Results showed that a one space grid structure was formed by the molecular film with a hydrophobic association effect and electrostatic interaction between the groups in the positive and negative charges of the quadripolymer. It adsorbed and coated clay particles, and kept the particles distributing multilevels which contributed to forming a compact filter cake to reduce fluid loss. The spatial structure of the quadripolymer in drilling fluid could be destroyed partly by high temperatures, sodium and calcium, but the polymer still had a good effect on reducing fluid filtration.

Formation-Damage and Well-Productivity Simulation

SPE Journal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (03) ◽  
pp. 751-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arild Lohne ◽  
Liqun Han ◽  
Claas van Zwaag ◽  
Hans van Velzen ◽  
Anne-Mette Mathisen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Filter Cake ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Mechanistic Modeling ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Fluid Viscosity ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Particle Injection

Summary In this paper, we describe a simulation model for computing the damage imposed on the formation during overbalanced drilling. The main parts modeled are filter-cake buildup under both static and dynamic conditions; fluid loss to the formation; transport of solids and polymers inside the formation, including effects of porelining retention and pore-throat plugging; and salinity effects on fines stability and clay swelling. The developed model can handle multicomponent water-based-mud systems at both the core scale (linear model) and the field scale (2D radial model). Among the computed results are fluid loss vs. time, internal damage distribution, and productivity calculations for both the entire well and individual sections. The simulation model works, in part, independently of fluid-loss experiments (e.g., the model does not use fluid-leakoff coefficients but instead computes the filter-cake buildup and its flow resistance from properties ascribed to the individual components in the mud). Some of these properties can be measured directly, such as particle-size distribution of solids, effect of polymers on fluid viscosity, and formation permeability and porosity. Other properties, which must be determined by tuning the results of the numerical model against fluid-loss experiments, are still assumed to be rather case independent, and, once determined, they can be used in simulations at altered conditions as well as with different mud formulations. A detailed description of the filter-cake model is given in this paper. We present simulations of several static and dynamic fluid-loss experiments. The particle-transport model is used to simulate a dilute particle-injection experiment taken from the literature. Finally, we demonstrate the model's applicability at the field scale and present computational results from an actual well drilled in the North Sea. These results are analyzed, and it is concluded that the potential effects of the mechanistic modeling approach used are (a) increased understanding of damage mechanisms, (b) improved design of experiments used in the selection process, and (c) better predictions at the well scale. This allows for a more-efficient and more-realistic prescreening of drilling fluids than traditional core-plug testing.

Application of Cellulosic Fibrous Material from Agro Waste as Filtrate Loss Modifier in Aqueous Mud-Morphology at HTHP Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 51-63
Author(s):  
Emeka Emmanuel Okoro ◽  
Samuel E. Sanni ◽  
Ikechukwu S. Okafor ◽  
Kevin Chinwuba Igwilo ◽  
Sociis T.A. Okolie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Filter Cake ◽  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
American Petroleum Institute ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Optimum Result

Controlling the filtration characteristics of any drilling fluid does not only include the control of the filtrate volume penetrating into the formation; but also the ability of the mud to deposit a thin low-permeability filter cake on the wall of the wellbore quickly. The permeability of the filter cake is very dependent on the particle size because when small size particles are used, the permeability decreases, because of the fact that colloidal particles get packed very tightly. This study investigated the filtration and filter cake characteristics of water-based mud (WBM) using fibrous cellulose from Tiger Nut waste and the guar gum. American Petroleum Institute (API) Recommended Practice Standard Procedure for Field Testing Drilling Fluids, API RP 13B-1 was applied during the analysis. Statistical analysis of the experimental data was conducted and the R2 value (0.99) showed that the experimental method adopted was replicable. Mud samples B2 and C2 gave an optimum result and their mud cakes developed under High-Temperature High-Pressure (HTHP) condition were dried and further analyzed with scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the filter cakes SEM structure for cellulosic fibrous from agro waste and guar gum exhibits similar characteristics; and the mud cakes was firm after soaking with 15% HCl for thirty minutes but started dissolving after one hour. The SEM analysis inferred that the filter cake morphology shows a good particle-pore interlocking for sample C2 than B2.

A Study on the Effects of Date Pit-Based Additive on the Performance of Water-Based Drilling Fluid

2017 ◽  
Vol 140 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimoh K. Adewole ◽  
Musa O. Najimu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Filter Cake ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Date Seed ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Filtration Properties ◽  
Loss Control

This study investigates the effect of using date seed-based additive on the performance of water-based drilling fluids (WBDFs). Specifically, the effects of date pit (DP) fat content, particle size, and DP loading on the drilling fluids density, rheological properties, filtration properties, and thermal stability were investigated. The results showed that dispersion of particles less than 75 μm DP into the WBDFs enhanced the rheological as well as fluid loss control properties. Optimum fluid loss and filter cake thickness can be achieved by addition of 15–20 wt % DP loading to drilling fluid formulation.

Anhydrite (Calcium Sulfate) Mineral as a Novel Weighting Material in Drilling Fluids

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mobeen Murtaza ◽  
Zeeshan Tariq ◽  
Mohamed Mahmoud ◽  
Muhammad Shahzad Kamal ◽  
Dhafer Al-Shehri
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Potassium Carbonate ◽  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Filter Cake ◽  
Chelating Agent ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Inorganic Acids ◽  
New Formulation ◽  
First Time

Abstract Different additives such as barite, calcium carbonate, hematite, and ilmenite having high-density and fine solid materials are used to increase the density of drilling fluids. However, some of the weighting additives can cause some serious drilling problems such as barite (particle settling, formation damage, erosion, and insoluble filter cake). In this study and for the first time, anhydrite (calcium sulfate) is used as a weighting additive in the drilling fluids. Several laboratory experiments such as density, rheology, fluid loss, resistivity, and pH were carried out to assess the performance of calcium sulfate as a weighting additive in the drilling fluids. The performance of calcium sulfate as a weighting additive was compared with the commonly used weight enhancing additive calcium carbonate. The results showed that calcium sulfate has higher solubility than calcium carbonate. The fluid loss test showed that both additives lost the same volume of fluid and created the same thickness of filter cake; however, the solubility of calcium sulfate-based filter cake with organic and inorganic acids was higher compared with other weighting materials. Calcium sulfate-based filter cake was completely dissolved using a new formulation that consists of glutamic-diacetic acid (GLDA) chelating agent and potassium carbonate as a convertor. The removal efficiency after 10 h reached 100% in 20 wt% GLDA and 10 wt% potassium carbonate solution at 100 °C.

A New Low-Damage Drilling Fluid for Sandstone Reservoirs With Low-Permeability: Formulation, Evaluation, and Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengwen Wang ◽  
Yanji Wang ◽  
Ergun Kuru ◽  
Erding Chen ◽  
Fengfeng Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Formation Damage ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Well Drilling ◽  
Drilling Operations

Abstract Drilling-induced formation damage is the key factor dominating the failure of the development of hydrocarbon reservoirs with low-permeability (i.e., tight formation). In this paper, a new low-damage drilling fluid was formulated, evaluated, and applied to well-drilling operations in a sandstone oil reservoir with low-permeability in the Shengli Oilfield, China. To formulate this low-damage drilling fluid, filter-cake forming agents were used to prevent fluid loss, inhibitors were used to enhance the shale inhibition of the fluid, surfactants were used to minimize water block, and inorganic salts were used to enhance compatibility. A holistic experimental approach combining micro-computed tomography (CT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques was designed to identify the underlying interactions between new and conventional drilling fluids and rock samples as well as the corresponding damage mechanisms, demonstrating the significant mitigation effects of the newly formulated drilling fluid on formation damage, which mainly results from the hydration of clay minerals and the invasion of solid particles. The newly formulated low-damage drilling fluid then extended its applications to well-drilling operations with excellent performance. Not only can the new low-damage drilling fluid avoid non-fracturing stimulation, but also reduce the drilling operational costs and time, minimize the formation damage, and facilitate extending the reservoir life for a longer time.

Wood Fibre Based Lost Circulation Materials

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arild Saasen ◽  
Helge Hodne ◽  
Egil Ronæs ◽  
Simen André Aarskog ◽  
Bente Hetland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fibre Type ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Wood Fibre ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Lost Circulation ◽  
Bottom Hole Assembly ◽  
Induced Fractures ◽  
Fine Wood ◽  
Lost Circulation Materials

In this paper both a coarse and fine wood fibre type of Lost Circulation Material (LCM) is tested in the laboratory. It is shown how these fibre treatments work. The fibre type is partially oil wetting making them suitable for application in oil based drilling fluids. The fine material helps stopping small drilling induced fractures, while the coarse helps stopping lost circulation into several natural fractures or coal or conglomerate formations. In the article, the selection of wood fibres is described in more detail. Testing of the fine materials were conducted conventionally by pumping drilling fluid volumes with LCM onto slotted disks in fluid loss apparatuses. The coarse fibres are too large to be tested in these apparatuses. Therefore, gravel with grain diameter around two centimetres was filled into transparent cylinders. The pore throats created by these gravel particles were above half a centimetre. For both of these LCMs the experiments show the sensitivity of the LCM concentration in the drilling fluid to stop the lost circulation. Also, it is shown the effect of the LCM on viscous properties of the drilling fluids. Not all LCMs can be pumped through the bit. The article describes the need for circulation subs in the bottom hole assembly (BHA) to hinder the LCM blocking the entire BHA.

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