Properties of Filter Cake of Water-Based Drilling Fluid under Dynamic Conditions Using Computer Tomography

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salaheldin Elkatatny ◽  
Hisham A. Nasr-El-Din
Keyword(s):  
Computer Tomography ◽  
Filter Cake ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Dynamic Conditions ◽  
Water Based

Filter Cake Properties of Water-Based Drilling Fluids Under Static and Dynamic Conditions Using Computed Tomography Scan

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salaheldin Elkatatny ◽  
Mohamed Mahmoud ◽  
Hisham A. Nasr-El-Din
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Filter Cake ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Filter Press ◽  
Filter Medium ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Dynamic Conditions ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Porosity And Permeability ◽  
Static Conditions

Previous studies considered the water-based drilling fluid filter cake as homogenous, containing one layer with an average porosity and permeability. The filter cake was recently proved to be heterogeneous, containing two layers with different properties (thickness, porosity and permeability). Heterogeneity of the filter cake plays a key role in the design of chemical treatments needed to remove the filter cake. The objectives of this study are to describe filter cake buildup under static and dynamic conditions, determine change in the filter medium properties, and obtain the local filtration properties for each layer in the filter cake. A high pressure high temperature (HPHT) filter press was used to perform the filtration process at 225 °F and 300 psi. A CT (computed tomography) scanner was used to measure the thickness and porosity of the filter cake. The results obtained from the CT scan showed that under static conditions, the formation of filter cake changed from compression to buildup; while under dynamic conditions, the filter cake was formed under continuous buildup. The CT results explained the changes in the thickness and porosity of each layer of the filter cake with time. The CT scans showed the change in the properties of the ceramic disk, such as porosity and permeability, which affect the calculation of the filter cake permeability. The change of the properties of the filter medium was ignored in previous studies.

Effect of water-based drilling fluid components on filter cake structure

2014 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rugang Yao ◽  
Guancheng Jiang ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Tianqing Deng ◽  
Hongxia Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Filter Cake ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Water Based

scholarly journals A Combined Barite–Ilmenite Weighting Material to Prevent Barite Sag in Water-Based Drilling Fluid

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salem Basfar ◽  
Abdelmjeed Mohamed ◽  
Salaheldin Elkatatny ◽  
Abdulaziz Al-Majed
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Base Fluid ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Fluid Density ◽  
Fluid Filtration ◽  
Dynamic Conditions ◽  
Filtration Performance ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Static Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Barite sag is a serious problem encountered while drilling high-pressure/high-temperature (HPHT) wells. It occurs when barite particles separate from the base fluid leading to variations in drilling fluid density that may cause a serious well control issue. However, it occurs in vertical and inclined wells under both static and dynamic conditions. This study introduces a combined barite–ilmenite weighting material to prevent the barite sag problem in water-based drilling fluid. Different drilling fluid samples were prepared by adding different percentages of ilmenite (25, 50, and 75 wt.% from the total weight of the weighting agent) to the base drilling fluid (barite-weighted). Sag tendency of the drilling fluid samples was evaluated under static and dynamic conditions to determine the optimum concentration of ilmenite which was required to prevent the sag issue. A static sag test was conducted under both vertical and inclined conditions. The effect of adding ilmenite to the drilling fluid was evaluated by measuring fluid density and pH at room temperature, and rheological properties at 120 °F and 250 °F. Moreover, a filtration test was performed at 250 °F to study the impact of adding ilmenite on the drilling fluid filtration performance and sealing properties of the formed filter cake. The results of this study showed that adding ilmenite to barite-weighted drilling fluid increased fluid density and slightly reduced the pH within the acceptable pH range (9–11). Ilmenite maintained the rheology of the drilling fluid with a minimal drop in rheological properties due to the HPHT conditions, while a significant drop was observed for the base fluid (without ilmenite). Adding ilmenite to the base drilling fluid significantly reduced sag factor and 50 wt.% ilmenite was adequate to prevent solids sag in both dynamic and static conditions with sag factors of 0.33 and 0.51, respectively. Moreover, HPHT filtration results showed that adding ilmenite had no impact on filtration performance of the drilling fluid. The findings of this study show that the combined barite–ilmenite weighting material can be a good solution to prevent solids sag issues in water-based fluids; thus, drilling HPHT wells with such fluids would be safe and effective.

scholarly journals A Laboratory Investigation on the Way to Remove the Filter Cake Generated by Ilmenite Water-Based Drilling Fluids

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Mahmoud O
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Filter Cake ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Filter Press ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Fluid Mud ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Filter Cakes ◽  
The Way

The increasing demand for deeper drilling and more complicated wells fastens the way for improved drilling fluid (mud) technologies and promising additives. Several studies have shown numerous improvements in mud characteristics upon using ilmenite compared to the commonly used weighting materials. This study aims at investigating the removal of filter cake deposited by ilmenite water-based drilling fluid under harsh conditions using low-concentration (7.5 wt%) of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and chelating agent (HEDTA) to prevent iron precipitation during reaction. API filter press was used to conduct the filtration tests and generate the filter cake at a pressure ~ 300 psi and temperature ~ 250°F. Different sandstone cores of 2.5-in. diameter and 1-in. thickness were used to simulate the formation during filtration. Filtrate fluids were collected for 30 minutes as per API procedures and computerized tomography (CT) scan was used to characterize the cores with the deposited filter cakes. The filter cakes were soaked with HCl–chelate solution for six hours. Cores with the remaining filter cakes were CT scanned again. Effluent solutions resulting from the aforementioned soaking process were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma (ICP). Scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) was used to analyze the dried filter cakes and remaining residue. CT scan and SEM-EDS showed two layers of the filter cake with different densities but similar elemental composition. Using 7.5 wt% of HCl can partially remove the filter cake generated by ilmenite water-based drilling fluids. Adding the chelate showed minimal impact on the filter cake removal-efficiency; however, it helped nullify the corrosion issues during the treatment. This study provides a step forward on the way to chemically remove ilmenite-based filter cake using low acid concentration and virtually overcome corrosion issues encountered while acidizing.

A Study on the Effects of Date Pit-Based Additive on the Performance of Water-Based Drilling Fluid

2017 ◽  
Vol 140 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimoh K. Adewole ◽  
Musa O. Najimu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Filter Cake ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Date Seed ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Filtration Properties ◽  
Loss Control

This study investigates the effect of using date seed-based additive on the performance of water-based drilling fluids (WBDFs). Specifically, the effects of date pit (DP) fat content, particle size, and DP loading on the drilling fluids density, rheological properties, filtration properties, and thermal stability were investigated. The results showed that dispersion of particles less than 75 μm DP into the WBDFs enhanced the rheological as well as fluid loss control properties. Optimum fluid loss and filter cake thickness can be achieved by addition of 15–20 wt % DP loading to drilling fluid formulation.

The Influence of SiO2 and TiO2 Nanoparticles on the Properties of Water-Based Mud

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petar Mijić ◽  
Nediljka Gaurina-Međimurec ◽  
Borivoje Pašić
Keyword(s):  
Filter Cake ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Wellbore Stability ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Shale Formations ◽  
Wellbore Instability ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Fluid Properties

About 75% of all formations drilled worldwide are shale formations and 90% of all wellbore instability problems occur in shale formations. This increases the overall cost of drilling. Therefore, drilling through shale formations, which have nanosized pores with nanodarcy permeability still need better solutions since the additives used in the conventional drilling fluids are too large to plug them. One of the solutions to drilling problems can be adjusting drilling fluid properties by adding nanoparticles. Drilling mud with nanoparticles can physically plug nanosized pores in shale formations and thus reduce the shale permeability, which results in reducing the pressure transmission and improving wellbore stability. Furthermore, the drilling fluid with nanoparticles, creates a very thin, low permeability filter cake resulting in the reduction of the filtrate penetration into the shale. This thin filter cake implies high potential for reducing the differential pressure sticking. In addition, borehole problems such as too high drag and torque can be reduced by adding nanoparticles to drilling fluids. This paper presents the results of laboratory examination of the influence of commercially available nanoparticles of SiO2 (dry SiO2 and water-based dispersion of 30 wt% of silica), and TiO2 (water-based dispersion of 40 wt% of titania) in concentrations of 0.5 wt% and 1 wt% on the properties of water-based fluids. Special emphasis is put on the determination of lubricating properties of the water-based drilling fluids. Nanoparticles added to the base mud without any lubricant do not improve its lubricity performance, regardless of their concentrations and type. However, by adding 0.5 wt% SiO2-disp to the base mud with lubricant, its lubricity coefficient is reduced by 4.6%, and by adding 1 wt% TiO2-disp to the base mud with lubricant, its lubricity coefficient is reduced by 14.3%.

A review of different approaches for water-based drilling fluid filter cake removal

2020 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 107346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osama Siddig ◽  
Ahmed Abdulhamid Mahmoud ◽  
Salaheldin Elkatatny
Keyword(s):  
Filter Cake ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Fluid Filter ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Cake Removal

Study on the structure of filter cake layer of water based drilling fluid

2017 ◽  
pp. 24-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Rugang ◽  
◽  
P. Chunyao ◽  
Z. Zhenhua ◽  
J. Dongxu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Filter Cake ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Cake Layer ◽  
Water Based
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