Phase Behaviour Methods for the Evaluation of Surfactants for Chemical Flooding at Higher Temperature Reservoir Conditions

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Richard Barnes ◽  
Johan Smit ◽  
Jasper Smit ◽  
Greg Shpakoff ◽  
Kirk H. Raney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Behaviour ◽  
Chemical Flooding ◽  
Reservoir Conditions ◽  
Higher Temperature

Oil emulsion characteristics as significance in efficiency forecast of oil-displacing formulations based on surfactants

2021 ◽  
pp. 91-107
Author(s):  
E. A. Turnaeva ◽  
E. A. Sidorovskaya ◽  
D. S. Adakhovskij ◽  
E. V. Kikireva ◽  
N. Yu. Tret'yakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Surfactant Concentration ◽  
Chemical Flooding ◽  
Optimal Salinity ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Oil Displacement ◽  
Laboratory Selection ◽  
Reservoir Conditions ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Enhanced oil recovery in mature fields can be implemented using chemical flooding with the addition of surfactants using surfactant-polymer (SP) or alkaline-surfactant-polymer (ASP) flooding. Chemical flooding design is implemented taking into account reservoir conditions and composition of reservoir fluids. The surfactant in the oil-displacing formulation allows changing the rock wettability, reducing the interfacial tension, increasing the capillary number, and forming an oil emulsion, which provides a significant increase in the efficiency of oil displacement. The article is devoted with a comprehensive study of the formed emulsion phase as a stage of laboratory selection of surfactant for SP or ASP composition. In this work, the influence of aqueous phase salinity level and the surfactant concentration in the displacing solution on the characteristics of the resulting emulsion was studied. It was shown that, according to the characteristics of the emulsion, it is possible to determine the area of optimal salinity and the range of surfactant concentrations that provide increased oil displacement. The data received show the possibility of predicting the area of effectiveness of ASP and SP formulations based on the characteristics of the resulting emulsion.

Rheological and structural studies on heat-induced gelation of concentrated skim milk

1995 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsumi Tobitani ◽  
Haruyoshi Yamamoto ◽  
Toshiaki Shioya ◽  
Simon B. Ross-Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Laser Light ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Phase Region ◽  
Polymer Physics ◽  
Phase Behaviour ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Temperature Side

SUMMARYHeat-induced gelation of milk was studied using both rheological and structural techniques. The sample was a conventional skim milk, concentrated with an ultrafiltration membrane, which formed gels when heated at appropriate pH. We investigated some factors that are considered to affect the gelation, such as concentration, pH and rennet treatment. The gelation process was monitored with a high precision oscillatory shear rheometer and the structure of gels was evaluated with quasi-elastic laser light scattering. From these results the gelation and phase separation behaviour were determined. By combining the results for different concentrations a phase diagram was obtained, which indicated that skim milk had a two-phase region on the higher temperature side. The effects of pH and rennet treatment were also evaluated with the aid of this phase diagram. The results were discussed on the basis of concepts of the phase behaviour of polymers, which were successfully developed in polymer physics.

scholarly journals Robust Feedback Control for Nonminimum Phase, Delayed, or Unstable Systems with Multiple Inputs

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Montserrat Gil-Martínez ◽  
Javier Rico-Azagra
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Control ◽  
Temperature Regulation ◽  
Phase Behaviour ◽  
Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor ◽  
Nonminimum Phase ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Continuous Stirred Tank ◽  
Temporary Decrease ◽  
Bandwidth Distribution

This paper presents a feedback control solution that achieves robust stability and disturbance rejection in systems with multiple manipulated inputs and a single measurable output. The uncertain plant models may exhibit either nonminimum phase, or delay, or unstable phenomena, which makes it not easy to take full advantage of the frequency response of each plant. In the framework of quantitative feedback theory (QFT), a methodology is proposed to decide the best control bandwidth distribution among inputs and to design the set of parallel controllers with as small as possible gain at each frequency. The temperature regulation in a continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) illustrates the benefits of a quantitative frequency distribution of the dynamic controllability between the jacket flow and the feed flow. The main challenge is that the feed flow exhibits a higher temperature regulation capacity and also produces a temporary decrease in the reactor temperature (nonminimum phase behaviour).

Development of Surfactants for Chemical Flooding at Difficult Reservoir Conditions

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Richard Barnes ◽  
Johan Smit ◽  
Jasper Smit ◽  
Greg Shpakoff ◽  
Kirk H. Raney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Flooding ◽  
Reservoir Conditions

scholarly journals Assessment of xanthan gum and xanthan-g-silica derivatives as chemical flooding agents and rock wettability modifiers

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Ashraf Soliman ◽  
Abdelaziz Nasr El-hoshoudy ◽  
Attia Mahmoud Attia
Keyword(s):  
Relative Permeability ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Xanthan Gum ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Spectroscopic Methods ◽  
Chemical Flooding ◽  
Reservoir Conditions ◽  
Relative Permeability Curves ◽  
Underground Reservoirs

Currently, biomolecules flooding in the underground reservoirs acquires sustainable interest owing to their availability and eco-friendly properties. The current study reported chemical displacement by xanthan gum as well as xanthan/SiO2 and xanthan grafted with vinylsilane derivatives. Chemical characterization evaluated by traditional spectroscopic methods. Investigation of fluids response to reservoir environment assessed through rheological performance relative to shearing rate, ionic strength, and thermal stability. A sequence of flooding runs generated on 10 sandstone outcrops with different porosity and permeabilities. Core wetness assessed through relative permeability curves at different water saturation. The flooding tests indicate that grafting of the silica derivative overcome the shortage of xanthan solution in flooding operations relative to the reservoir conditions. The ability of the flooding solutions to alter rock wettability explored through relative permeability curves at different water saturation. The results reveal that the synthesized composite was a promised agent for enhancing oil recovery and profile conformance.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF OPTIMUM SALINITY?ON MICROEMULSION FORMATION TO ATTAIN ULTRALOW INTERFACIAL TENSION FOR CHEMICAL FLOODING APPLICATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
Yani Faozani Alli ◽  
Edward ML Tobing
Keyword(s):  
Interfacial Tension ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Surfactant Solution ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Phase Behaviour ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Chemical Flooding ◽  
Improved Oil Recovery ◽  
Ultralow Interfacial Tension ◽  
Optimum Salinity

Microemulsion formation in surfactant solution has a major influence on the success of chemical injection techniques, and is one of the enhanced oil recovery methods. Its transparent and translucent homogenous mixtures of oil and water in the presence of surfactant have an ability to displace the remaining oil in the reservoir by reducing interfacial tension between oil and water. In this study, the effect of surfactant solution salinity on the formation of microemulsion and its mechanism to reduce the interfacial tension between water and oil from X oil field in Central Sumatera were carried out through compatibility observation, phase behaviour test and interfacial tension measurements in a laboratory. The results showed that microemulsion formation depends on the salinity of aqueous phase associated with different surfactant solubility by altering the polar area of surfactant. The optimum salinity was obtained with the addition of 0.65% Na2CO3 in which microemulsion was formed and the solubilization ratio of oil and water were equally high. At this condition the ultralow interfacial tension was around 10-3 dyne/cm and enabled improved oil recovery in mature oil fields after waterflooding

Experimental and Theoretical Quantification of Non-Equilibrium Phase Behaviour and Physical Properties of Foamy Oil Under Reservoir Conditions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Shi ◽  
Daoyong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Equilibrium Phase ◽  
Phase Behaviour ◽  
Equilibrium Conditions ◽  
Evolved Gas ◽  
Foamy Oil ◽  
Decline Rate ◽  
Reservoir Conditions ◽  
Non Equilibrium

A novel and pragmatic technique has been proposed to quantify the non-equilibrium phase behaviour together with physical properties of foamy oil under reservoir conditions. Experimentally, constant-composition expansion (CCE) experiments at various constant pressure decline rates are conducted to examine the non-equilibrium phase behaviour of solvent-CO2-heavy oil systems. Theoretically, the amount of evolved gas is firstly formulated as a function of time, and then incorporated into the real gas equation to quantify the non-equilibrium phase behaviour of the aforementioned systems. Meanwhile, theoretical models have been developed to determine the time-dependent compressibility and density of foamy oil. Good agreements between the experimentally measured volume-pressure profiles and calculated ones have been achieved, while both amounts of evolved gas and entrained gas as well as compressibility and density of foamy oil were determined. The time-dependent effects of entrained gas on physical properties of oleic phase were quantitatively analyzed and evaluated. A larger pressure decline rate and a lower temperature are found to result in a lower pseudo-bubblepoint pressure and a higher expansion rate of the evolved gas volume in the solvent-CO2-heavy oil systems. Apparent critical supersaturation pressure increases with either an increase in pressure decline rate or a decrease in system temperature. Physical properties of the oleic phase under non-equilibrium conditions follow the same trends as those of conventionally undersaturated oil under equilibrium conditions when pressure is higher than the pseudo-bubblepoint pressure. However, there is an abrupt increase of compressibility and decrease of density associated with pseudo-bubblepoint pressure instead of bubblepoint pressure due to the initialization of gas bubble growth. The amount of dispersed gas in the oleic phase is found to impose a dominant impact on physical properties of the foamy oil. Compared with CCE experiment at constant volume expansion rate, a rebound pressure and its corresponding effects on physical properties cannot be observed in the CCE experiments at constant pressure decline rate.

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