scholarly journals Correlates of perceived risk of HIV infection among persons who inject drugs in Tijuana,Baja California, Mexico

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffanie A Strathdee ◽  
Richard F Armenta ◽  
Daniela Abramovitz ◽  
Remedios Lozada ◽  
Alicia Vera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
High Risk Behaviors ◽  
Persons Who Inject Drugs ◽  
The Past ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Hiv Test

Objective. We identified correlates of perceived risk of HIV infection among persons who inject drugs (PWID) in Tijuana. Materials and methods. PWID ≥18 years of age who injected drugs in the past month were recruited between 2006-2007 and completed risk assessment interviews and serologic testing for HIV, syphilis, and tuberculosis. Logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with high-perceived risk of HIV infection. Results. Among 974 PWID, HIV prevalence was 4.4%; 45.0% of participants perceived themselves to be more likely to become HIV infected relative to other PWID in Tijuana. Participants who reported high-perceived risk of HIV infection participated in high-risk behaviors such as injecting with used syringes, transactional sex, and were less likely to have had an HIV test. Conclusions. Recognition of HIV infection risk was associated with high risk behaviors and markers of vulnerability. Findings support efforts to encourage HIV testing and access to health care for this vulnerable population.

scholarly journals Mathematical Modeling of High-risk Behaviors in Reformation and Social Assistance Centers

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.7) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Nahid Khademi ◽  
Malihe Khoramdad ◽  
Ebrahim Shakiba ◽  
Nasrin Barkhordar ◽  
Hassan Rostamian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Social Assistance ◽  
High Risk Behaviors ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Rapid Hiv Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sexual Contacts

There is an increasing rate of high-risk behaviors in women, particularly those in prisons and high-risk places. This study was aimed to determine the high-risk behaviors among women residing in reformation and social assistance centers of Kermanshah province, Iran.In this cross sectional study, 480 women living in reformation and social assistance centers, central prisons, social welfare centers, suburban areas, high-risk neighborhoods and hangouts; were randomly selected. The primary data were collected via demographic and high-risk behavior questionnaire. To detect HIV infection, a rapid test was used as well as ELISA test in suspected cases. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi Square and Pearson Correlation Coefficient tests. The most prevalent high-risk behaviors in the subjects were addictive drug abuse (73.5%), arrest by judicial centers (59.2%), illegitimate sexual contacts (52.3%), and suicide (52.3%), respectively. The rapid HIV test revealed a positive correlation co-efficiency between HIV-positive individuals with crystal meth abuse (r=0.119, P=0.035).Associations were also observed between smoking and narcotic drug abusing (p<0.001) and with drinking alcohol (r=0.265, p<0.001). A history of suicide with a history of imprisonment also showed a positive correlation. A high prevalence of drug abusing, illegitimate sexual contacts, as well as transmission of HIV infection due to high-risk sexual contacts and injection drug addiction among the women were among the most significant findings of the survey. These observations highlight the importance of the of authority’s attention to design better policies and to implement them in order to reduce or prevent the resulting social harms.  

scholarly journals Use of multiple recreational drugs is associated with new HIV infections among men who have sex with men in China: a multicenter cross-sectional survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Mao ◽  
Sequoia I. Leuba ◽  
Qinghai Hu ◽  
Hongjing Yan ◽  
Zhe Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Recreational Drugs ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
High Risk Behaviors ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Recent Hiv Infection

Abstract Background There is limited information about the types of recreational drugs used by men who have sex with men (MSM) in China or the consequent impact on sexual health and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition. Methods We recruited MSM from seven cities in China between 2012 and 2013 using multiple approaches including advertisements on gay websites, collaborating with local MSM community-based organizations, peer referrals, and venues such as gay bars and bathrooms visited by MSM. We divided participants into four subgroups based on the number of recreational drugs (RDs) used in the previous 6 months. We defined use of multiple RDs as use of ≥2 types of RDs. Demographics and HIV-related high-risk behaviors were collected, and blood samples were tested for recent HIV infection by the HIV-1 subtypes B, E, and D immunoglobulin G capture enzyme immunoassay (BED-CEIA). We used multivariable logistic regression adjusted for sociodemographics to determine the adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the subgroups of RD use for recent or established HIV infection. Results A total of 4496 Chinese MSM participated; 28.4% used RDs, and 5% used multiple types of RDs. The prevalence of each RD use was as follows: poppers (25.9%), ecstasy (2.4%), ketamine (1.2%), amphetamine (0.6%), tramadol (0.4%), methamphetamine (3.8%), and codeine (1.9%). Users of multiple RDs commonly used poppers combined with one or more other types of RDs. Multiple RD users were likely to be aged 26–30 years (vs. 18–25 and > 30 years), live in non-local cities (vs. local cities), never married (vs. married), have a high monthly income (vs. no income and 1–599 USD), use versatile positions during anal intercourse (vs. top or bottom), and have inadequate HIV-related prevention knowledge (vs. adequate). As the number of RDs used in the previous 6 months increased, the prevalence of HIV-related high-risk behaviors increased (P < 0.05 for all). The odds of recent HIV infection were higher among those who used one type (aOR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.5–3.0) or two types of RD (aOR=2.3, 95% CI: 1.0-5.2) in the previous 6 months compared to the odds among those who did not use RDs. Conclusion The level and pattern of multiple RD use among Chinese MSM were different from high-income countries. MSM who used more RDs are more likely to engage in high-risk sexual behaviors, and these behaviors may be associated with increases in new HIV infections.

scholarly journals Cross-cultural adaptation of the Perceived Risk of HIV Scale in Brazilian Portuguese

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago S. Torres ◽  
Paula M. Luz ◽  
Luana M. S. Marins ◽  
Daniel R. B. Bezerra ◽  
Celline C. Almeida-Brasil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Cultural Adaptation ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Key Populations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Risk Behaviors ◽  
Cross Cultural Adaptation

Abstract Background Valid and reliable instruments are needed to measure the multiple dimensions of perceived risk. The Perceived Risk of HIV Scale is an 8-item measure that assesses how people think and feel about their risk of infection. We set out to perform a cross-cultural adaptation of the scale to Brazilian Portuguese among key populations (gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men and transgender/non-binary) and other populations (cisgender heterosexual men and cisgender women). Methods Methodological study with cross-sectional design conducted online during October/2019 (key populations [sample 1] and other populations) and February–March/2020 (key populations not on pre-exposure prophylaxis [sample 2]). Cross-cultural adaptation of the Perceived Risk of HIV Scale followed Beaton et al. 2000 guidelines and included confirmatory factor analysis, differential item functioning (DIF) using the Multiple-Indicator Multiple-Cause model, and concurrent validity to verify if younger individuals, those ever testing for HIV, and engaging in high-risk behaviors had higher scores on the scale. Results 4342 participants from key populations (sample 1 = 235; sample 2 = 4107) and 155 participants from other populations completed the measure. We confirmed the single-factor structure of the original measure (fit indices for sample 1 plus other populations: CFI = 0.98, TLI = 0.98, RMSEA = 0.07; sample 2 plus other populations: CFI = 0.97, TLI = 0.95, RMSEA = 0.09). For the comparisons between key populations and other populations, three items (item 2: “I worry about getting infected with HIV”, item 4: “I am sure I will not get infected with HIV”, and item 8: “Getting HIV is something I have”) exhibited statistically significant DIF. Items 2 and 8 were endorsed at higher levels by key populations and item 4 by other populations. However, the effect of DIF on overall scores was negligible (0.10 and 0.02 standard deviations for the models with other populations plus sample 1 and 2, respectively). Those ever testing for HIV scored higher than those who never tested (p < .001); among key populations, those engaging in high-risk behaviors scored higher than those reporting low-risk. Conclusion The Perceived Risk of HIV Scale can be used among key populations and other populations from Brazil.

Men's Sexual Risk Factors for HIV Infection: Racial Differences in Behavior, Knowledge, and Self-Perceptions

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Tewksbury ◽  
Darin K. Moore
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
African American Men ◽  
Hiv Risk Behaviors ◽  
Hiv Prevention Intervention

HIV transmission most often results from individually-induced activities. Previous research into HIV transmission has identified both high-risk groups and high-risk behaviors. This research identifies differences between white and African-American men and their participation in HIV-risk behaviors, HIV-related knowledge, and self-perceived likelihood for HIV infection. Findings show a contradiction between reported HIV-risk behaviors and self-perceived risk of contracting HIV for all male participants. Furthermore, racial differences are significantly related to both the type and number of sexual partners, participation in and frequency of condom use for various sexual activities, and levels of self-perceived knowledge of HIV/AIDS. These findings and implications on current and future HIV prevention/intervention efforts are discussed.

scholarly journals The Clinical Characteristics and Incidence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis of 7632 HIV Patients in Yunnan Province from 2005 to 2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Qin Li ◽  
Weibo Wen ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Fang Fang ◽  
Fang Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Sexual Contact ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Intravenous Drug Abuse ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
High Risk Behaviors

Objective: To analyze the age and gender distribution characteristics of 7,632 HIV/AIDS patients at the onset of HIV infection-related high-risk intravenous drug abuse and sexual contact in Yunnan province. Methods: Data were collected from the database of Chinese Medicine Treatment of AIDS Pilot Project in Yunnan province. Gender, age and demographics of HIV/AIDS patients were analyzed. Results: The patients were almost in relatively high educational background. The number of male intravenous drug users (12.90%) was more than female, and the earliest average age was 10-14 years. The percentages of men in 10-19 years and 35-59 years were more than that of women. No obvious difference was found in heterosexual sexual contact in both men (48.11%) and women (51.89%), and the earliest ages was 15-19 years in males and 10-14 years in females. The percentage of males at 10-34 years old was less than that of females, just opposite to the age of 35-85 years. Homosexual contact was more in males (92.73%) than that in females (7.27%). The earliest homosexual sexual contact associated with HIV infection was 15-19 years in males and 25-29 years in females. Among 128 AIDS patients with pulmonary tuberculosis infection, intravenous drug abuse accounted for the highest proportion (76.56%) of the three high-risk behaviors related to HIV infection. Conclusions: Reducing risk behaviors and preventing intravenous drug abuse could be effective in preventing AIDS. Compared with other high-risk behaviors, patients with intravenous drug use and AIDS are at greater risk of contracting tuberculosis.

Association of Teen Dating Aggression With Risk Behavior and Academic Adjustment

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052095130
Author(s):  
Pooja Datta ◽  
Dewey Cornell ◽  
Tim Konold
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Academic Adjustment ◽  
School Level ◽  
Dating Aggression ◽  
High Risk Behaviors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Teen Dating

This study constructed a six-item Teen Dating Aggression (TDA) scale, investigated the prevalence of TDA in a statewide sample, and identified associations between TDA and high-risk behaviors and academic adjustment. Based on a review of literature, TDA included physical harm, threats to harm, verbal aggression, forced sexual contact, coercion to use alcohol or drugs, and harassment after the relationship ended. The sample consisted of 32,428 students (Grades 9–12) in 320 Virginia high schools who completed a statewide school climate survey. Participation rates were 99% for schools and 80.5% for students. Confirmatory factor analysis and hierarchical regression analyses investigated the associations between TDA and high-risk behaviors and poor academic adjustment. School fixed-effects analyses accounted for school-level influences in student responses. Nearly four in 10 students (39%) reported experiencing at least one form of dating aggression in the past year. The 12,596 students who experienced TDA (40%) in the past year reported more marijuana use (26% vs. 13%), alcohol use (40% vs. 22%), fighting (13% vs. 5%), suicidal ideation (31% vs. 13%), and suicide attempts (17% vs. 5%), as well as lower school engagement, educational aspirations, and grades than 19,832 students who dated without TDA. The current study emphasized the need for dating aggression to be a focus of secondary school prevention programs due its associations with poorer academic performance, high-risk behavior with potentially serious mental health consequences. Accurate assessment of TDA can also guide the evaluation of intervention programs that target TDA.

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