Fault Activation in Central Mongolia during the Holocene: Results of Study of the Mogod Earthquake Ruptures

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 1285-1295
Author(s):  
O.P. Smekalin ◽  
A.V. Chipizubov
Keyword(s):  
Fault Zone ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Slip Rates ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Central Mongolia ◽  
Earthquake Sources ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Absolute Age ◽  
Seismotectonic Activity ◽  
Seismic Deformation

Abstract —In order to determine the seismotectonic activity of faults in the Holocene, we performed trench studies of the ruptures produced by the catastrophic Mogod earthquake (5 January 1967, M = 7.5–7.8, I0 = 9–10) in the junction zone of the N–S striking Hulzhin Gol fault and the NW striking Tullet fault. Paleoseismic interpretation of seismic-deformation sections and radiocarbon dating of the samples allowed determining the kinematics and obtaining, for the first time, the absolute ages of paleoevents preceding the Mogod earthquake. Analysis of the tectonic conditions for realization of earthquake sources has shed light on the complex structure of ruptures in the area of the Mogod earthquake epicenter, within which three segments differing in the displacement amplitudes and kinematics have been identified. The research data indicate the repeated activation of the Tulet and Hulzhin Gol faults in the Late Pleistocene–Holocene. The absolute age of the latest activation is 596–994 AD for the Tulet fault and 11,379–6235 BC for the Hulzhin Gol fault. The cumulative deformation from paleoearthquakes in the trench sections in the Tulet fault zone points to at least two displacements of thrust kinematics, with the latest of them having an amplitude of 2.8 m. The paleoearthquake in the Hulzhin Gol fault zone is characterized by the presence of lateral slip. The amplitudes of deformations attest to earlier earthquakes similar in energy to the 1967 Mogod event or even stronger in the fault node. The obtained data on the timing of these earthquakes and the amplitudes of the accompanying displacements made it possible to estimate slip rates along the faults: 0.2–0.3 m/kyr horizontal-slip rates on the Hulzhin Gol fault and 0.5–0.7 m/kyr vertical-slip rates on the Tulet fault.

scholarly journals Geomorphological reconnaissance of the Psathopyrgos and Rion-Patras Fault zones (Achaia, NW Peloponnesus).

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1586 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Palyvos ◽  
D. Pantosti ◽  
L. Stamatopoulos ◽  
P. M. De Martini
Keyword(s):  
Fault Zone ◽  
Fault Zones ◽  
Fault Slip ◽  
Geological Data ◽  
Slip Rates ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Fault Slip Rates ◽  
Earthquake Ruptures ◽  
Surficial Deposits

In this communication we discuss reconnaissance geomorphological observations along the active Psathopyrgos and Rion-Patras (NE part) fault zones. These fault zones correspond to more or less complex rangefronts, the geomorphic characteristics of which provide hints on the details of the fault zone geometries, adding to the existing geological data in the bibliography. Aiming at the identification of locations suitable or potentially suitable for geomorphological and geological studies for the determination of fault slip rates in the Holocene, we describe cases of faulted Holocene landforms and associated surficial deposits. We also discuss problems involved in finding locations suitable for geological (paleoseismological) studies for the determination of the timing of recent earthquake ruptures, problems due to both man-made and natural causes.

scholarly journals Quantifying the contribution of established risk factors to cardiovascular mortality differences between Russia and Norway

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergi Trias-Llimós ◽  
Lisa Pennells ◽  
Aage Tverdal ◽  
Alexander V. Kudryavtsev ◽  
Sofia Malyutina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Risk Factor Profile ◽  
Emerging Risk ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Absolute Age ◽  
Relative Differences ◽  
Mortality Rate Ratio ◽  
Cvd Mortality

AbstractSurprisingly few attempts have been made to quantify the simultaneous contribution of well-established risk factors to CVD mortality differences between countries. We aimed to develop and critically appraise an approach to doing so, applying it to the substantial CVD mortality gap between Russia and Norway using survey data in three cities and mortality risks from the Emerging Risk Factor Collaboration. We estimated the absolute and relative differences in CVD mortality at ages 40–69 years between countries attributable to the risk factors, under the counterfactual that the age- and sex-specific risk factor profile in Russia was as in Norway, and vice-versa. Under the counterfactual that Russia had the Norwegian risk factor profile, the absolute age-standardized CVD mortality gap would decline by 33.3% (95% CI 25.1–40.1) among men and 22.1% (10.4–31.3) among women. In relative terms, the mortality rate ratio (Russia/Norway) would decline from 9–10 to 7–8. Under the counterfactual that Norway had the Russian risk factor profile, the mortality gap reduced less. Well-established CVD risk factors account for a third of the male and around a quarter of the female CVD mortality gap between Russia and Norway. However, these estimates are based on widely held epidemiological assumptions that deserve further scrutiny.

Urey: to measure the absolute age of mars

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Randolph ◽  
J. Plescia ◽  
Y. Bar-Cohen ◽  
P. Bartlett ◽  
D. Bickler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Absolute ◽  
Absolute Age

scholarly journals Seismic Activity of the Manisa Fault Zone in Western Turkey Constrained by Cosmogenic 36Cl Dating

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 451
Author(s):  
Nasim Mozafari ◽  
Çağlar Özkaymak ◽  
Dmitry Tikhomirov ◽  
Susan Ivy-Ochs ◽  
Vasily Alfimov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fault Zone ◽  
Normal Fault ◽  
Vertical Displacement ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Western Turkey ◽  
Slip Rates ◽  
Vertical Displacements ◽  
Surface Ruptures ◽  
Fault Scarps ◽  
Calculated Average

This study reports on the cosmogenic 36Cl dating of two normal fault scarps in western Turkey, that of the Manastır and Mugırtepe faults, beyond existing historical records. These faults are elements of the western Manisa Fault Zone (MFZ) in the seismically active Gediz Graben. Our modeling revealed that the Manastır fault underwent at least two surface ruptures at 3.5 ± 0.9 ka and 2.0 ± 0.5 ka, with vertical displacements of 3.3 ± 0.5 m and 3.6 ± 0.5 m, respectively. An event at 6.5 ± 1.6 ka with a vertical displacement of 2.7 ± 0.4 m was reconstructed on the Mugırtepe fault. We attribute these earthquakes to the recurring MFZ ruptures, when also the investigated faults slipped. We calculated average slip rates of 1.9 and 0.3 mm yr−1 for the Manastır and Mugırtepe faults, respectively.

scholarly journals Supplemental Material: Quaternary slip rates on the White Mountains fault zone, eastern California: Implications for comparing geologic to geodetic slip rates across the Walker Lane

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachery M. Lifton
Keyword(s):  
Fault Zone ◽  
Depth Profile ◽  
Slip Rate ◽  
White Mountains ◽  
Slip Rates ◽  
Walker Lane ◽  
Profile Modeling

Field photographs, stratigraphic columns, displacement modeling results, depth profile modeling results, and slip rate modeling results.

scholarly journals Supplemental Material: Quaternary slip rates on the White Mountains fault zone, eastern California: Implications for comparing geologic to geodetic slip rates across the Walker Lane

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachery M. Lifton
Keyword(s):  
Fault Zone ◽  
Depth Profile ◽  
Slip Rate ◽  
White Mountains ◽  
Slip Rates ◽  
Walker Lane ◽  
Profile Modeling

Field photographs, stratigraphic columns, displacement modeling results, depth profile modeling results, and slip rate modeling results.

Recent and active deformation in the North Evia domain, a diffuse plate boundary between Eurasia and Aegean plates in the Western termination of the North Anatolian Fault. 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabien Caroir ◽  
Frank Chanier ◽  
Virginie Gaullier ◽  
Julien Bailleul ◽  
Agnès Maillard-Lenoir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fault Zone ◽  
Plate Boundary ◽  
Fault Zones ◽  
North Anatolian Fault ◽  
Fault System ◽  
Eurasian Plate ◽  
Slip Rates ◽  
The North ◽  
South West ◽  
North Aegean

<p>The Anatolia-Aegean microplate is currently extruding toward the South and the South-West. This extrusion is classically attributed to the southward retreat of the Aegean subduction zone together with the northward displacement of the Arabian plate. The displacement of Aegean-Anatolian block relative to Eurasia is accommodated by dextral motion along the North Anatolian Fault (NAF), with current slip rates of about 20 mm/yr. The NAF is propagating westward within the North Aegean domain where it gets separated into two main branches, one of them bordering the North Aegean Trough (NAT). This particular context is responsible for dextral and normal stress regimes between the Aegean plate and the Eurasian plate. South-West of the NAT, there is no identified major faults in the continuity of the NAF major branch and the plate boundary deformation is apparently distributed within a wide domain. This area is characterised by slip rates of 20 to 25 mm/yr relative to Eurasian plate but also by clockwise rotation of about 10° since ca 4 Myr. It constitutes a major extensional area involving three large rift basins: the Corinth Gulf, the Almiros Basin and the Sperchios-North Evia Gulf. The latter develops in the axis of the western termination of the NAT, and is therefore a key area to understand the present-day dynamics and the evolution of deformation within this diffuse plate boundary area.</p><p>Our study is mainly based on new structural data from field analysis and from very high resolution seismic reflexion profiles (Sparker 50-300 Joules) acquired during the WATER survey in July-August 2017 onboard the R/V “Téthys II”, but also on existing data on recent to active tectonics (i.e. earthquakes distribution, focal mechanisms, GPS data, etc.). The results from our new marine data emphasize the structural organisation and the evolution of the deformation within the North Evia region, SW of the NAT.</p><p>The combination of our structural analysis (offshore and onshore data) with available data on active/recent deformation led us to define several structural domains within the North Evia region, at the western termination of the North Anatolian Fault. The North Evia Gulf shows four main fault zones, among them the Central Basin Fault Zone (CBFZ) which is obliquely cross-cutting the rift basin and represents the continuity of the onshore Kamena Vourla - Arkitsa Fault System (KVAFS). Other major fault zones, such as the Aedipsos Politika Fault System (APFS) and the Melouna Fault Zone (MFZ) played an important role in the rift initiation but evolved recently with a left-lateral strike-slip motion. Moreover, our seismic dataset allowed to identify several faults in the Skopelos Basin including a large NW-dipping fault which affects the bathymetry and shows an important total vertical offset (>300m). Finally, we propose an update of the deformation pattern in the North Evia region including two lineaments with dextral motion that extend southwestward the North Anatolian Fault system into the Oreoi Channel and the Skopelos Basin. Moreover, the North Evia Gulf domain is dominated by active N-S extension and sinistral reactivation of former large normal faults.</p>

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