The WARR Machine: System Design, Implementation and Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nectaria Diamanti ◽  
E. Judith Elliott ◽  
Steven R. Jackson ◽  
A. Peter Annan
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Automated Analysis ◽  
Velocity Versus ◽  
Implementation Challenges ◽  
Field Deployment ◽  
Zero Offset ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
And Control

In this paper, we describe a ground penetrating radar (GPR) system called the wide angle reflection and refraction (WARR) machine, outline the design and discuss the implementation challenges. WARR and the closely related common-mid-point (CMP) GPR soundings have been standard survey methods to measure velocity since GPR first existed. Earliest efforts demonstrated the variation in ice sheet velocity versus depth. Although GPR multi-offset soundings are valuable survey methods, they have seen little adoption since many systems are not bistatic. In addition, surveys most often use a single transmitter with a single receiver deployed sequentially at varying antenna separations, making data acquisition slow. Modern instrumentation with recent advances in GPR timing and control technology has enabled deployment of systems with multiple concurrent sampling receivers. This development has resulted in the ability to continuously acquire multi-offset WARR data at the same rate as two dimensional (2D) common offset reflection surveys in the past. The concomitant issues of survey design plus organizing the WARR data storage, documentation and analysis present numerous challenges. The extraction of velocity information from the large volumes of GPR WARR/CMP data demands automated analysis techniques. We have explored the use of normal move out (NMO) stacking at creating enhanced zero offset section from multi-offset data. Furthermore, we investigated the use of semblance analysis at estimating move-out velocities in order to apply in the NMO stack. These traditional seismic processing steps have proven to be less effective with GPR. These conclusions point to the differences in data character between seismic and GPR. Results of in-field deployment are used to illustrate advances to date and point the way to further advancements.

REFLECTION COEFFICIENT OF AN ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE IN CONDUCTIVE MEDIA

2018 ◽  
pp. 100-106
Author(s):  
M. S. Sudakova ◽  
M. L. Vladov ◽  
M. R. Sadurtdinov
Keyword(s):  
Reflection Coefficient ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Direct And Inverse Problems ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Ideal Dielectric

Within the ground penetrating radar bandwidth the medium is considered to be an ideal dielectric, which is not always true. Electromagnetic waves reflection coefficient conductivity dependence showed a significant role of the difference in conductivity in reflection strength. It was confirmed by physical modeling. Conductivity of geological media should be taken into account when solving direct and inverse problems, survey design planning, etc. Ground penetrating radar can be used to solve the problem of mapping of halocline or determine water contamination.

Analysis of the spectral hole in velocity versus depth resolution for reflection traveltimes with limited aperture

Geophysics ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. U37-U45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth P. Bube ◽  
Robert T. Langan ◽  
Tamas Nemeth
Keyword(s):  
Taylor Expansion ◽  
Depth Resolution ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Velocity Versus ◽  
Angle Of Incidence ◽  
Vertical Variation ◽  
Spectral Hole ◽  
Maximum Angle ◽  
Zero Offset ◽  
Horizontal Wavelength

It is difficult to resolve the ambiguity between velocity and reflector depth using reflection traveltimes when the aperture is small, as is common for deep reflectors. For velocity perturbations that are independent of the vertical variable, there is an even stronger velocity-versus-depth ambiguity at a horizontal wavelength of 2.5 times the reflector depth. We give a theoretical explanation of why this spectral hole occurs. When the maximum offset is small, there are velocity and reflector depth perturbations that cause almost cancelling traveltime perturbations; the net traveltime perturbations are second order in offset, making resolution between velocity and depth difficult at all wavelengths. But for the particular wavelength [Formula: see text] ≈ 2.565 times the reflector depth, an extra term in the Taylor expansion for traveltime near zero offset vanishes; the net traveltime perturbations are fourth order in offset. Thus velocity-versus-depth resolution degrades much sooner at this wavelength as the maximum offset gets small. We show in addition that this behavior extends to velocity perturbations that can depend on the vertical variable, and spectral holes in velocity-versus-depth resolution can appear at any horizontal wavelength. Velocity perturbations with very simple vertical variation are sufficient to create these spectral holes. This behavior is not limited to extremely small apertures; the effect of this spectral hole can be felt when the maximum angle of incidence is as large as 25°.

Who Am I?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Natã M. Barbosa ◽  
Gang Wang ◽  
Blase Ur ◽  
Yang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Pervasive Computing ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Web Browsing ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Profiling Techniques ◽  
Positive Experiences ◽  
Field Deployment ◽  
Incremental Construction ◽  
And Control

To enable targeted ads, companies profile Internet users, automatically inferring potential interests and demographics. While current profiling centers on users' web browsing data, smartphones and other devices with rich sensing capabilities portend profiling techniques that draw on methods from ubiquitous computing. Unfortunately, even existing profiling and ad-targeting practices remain opaque to users, engendering distrust, resignation, and privacy concerns. We hypothesized that making profiling visible at the time and place it occurs might help users better understand and engage with automatically constructed profiles. To this end, we built a technology probe that surfaces the incremental construction of user profiles from both web browsing and activities in the physical world. The probe explores transparency and control of profile construction in real time. We conducted a two-week field deployment of this probe with 25 participants. We found that increasing the visibility of profiling helped participants anticipate how certain actions can trigger specific ads. Participants' desired engagement with their profile differed in part based on their overall attitudes toward ads. Furthermore, participants expected algorithms would automatically determine when an inference was inaccurate, no longer relevant, or off-limits. Current techniques typically do not do this. Overall, our findings suggest that leveraging opportunistic moments within pervasive computing to engage users with their own inferred profiles can create more trustworthy and positive experiences with targeted ads.

scholarly journals Insight into Blood Pressure Targets for Universal Coverage of Hypertension Services in Iran: The 2017 ACC/AHA versus JNC 8 Hypertension Guidelines

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Mahdavi ◽  
Mahboubeh Parsaeian ◽  
Bahram Mohajer ◽  
Mitra Modirian ◽  
Naser Ahmadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Universal Coverage ◽  
Blood Pressure Target ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Treatment Rate ◽  
Blood Pressure Targets ◽  
Hypertension Guidelines ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: We assessed and compared the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in Iran under two hypertension guidelines; the 2017 ACC/AHA with an aggressive blood pressure target 130/80 mm Hg and commonly used guideline JNC8 with 140/90 mm Hg. We shed light on the implications of 2017 ACC/AHA for population subgroups and high-risk individuals eligible for non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic therapies. Methods: Data were obtained from the Iran national STEPS 2016 study. Participants included 27 738 adults ≥25 years as a representative sample of Iranians. The logistic regression models with a survey design were used to examine the determinants of prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension. Results: The prevalence of hypertension based on JNC8 was 29.9% (95% CI: 29.2-30.6), which soared to 53.7% (52.9-54.4) by 2017 ACC/AHA. Awareness, treatment, and control were 59.2% (58.0-60.3), 80.2% (78.9-81.4), and 39.1% (37.4-40.7) based on JNC8, which dropped to 37.1% (36.2-38.0), 71.3% (69.9-72.7), and 19.6% (18.3-21.0) respectively by 2017 ACC/AHA. By new guideline, adults 25-34 years had the largest increase in prevalence (from 7.3% to 30.7%). They also had the lowest awareness and treatment rate but the highest control rate (36.5%) among age groups. Compared with JNC8, under 2017 ACC/AHA, 24%, 15%, 17%, and 11% more individuals with dyslipidaemia, high triglyceride, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) events respectively fell into the hypertensive category. Yet, based on 2017 ACC/AHA, 68.2% of individuals falling into a hypertensive group were supposed to receive medications (versus 95.7% in JNC8). LDL cholesterol, physical activity, and one unit of Body Mass Index were found to change blood pressure by -3.56 (-4.38, -2.74), -2.04 (-2.58, -1.50), and 0.48 (0.42, 0.53) mm Hg respectively. Conclusions: Switching from JNC8 to 2017 ACC/AHA highlighted sharp increases in prevalence and drastic declines in awareness, treatment, and control in Iran. By the 2017 ACC/AHA, more young adults and those with chronic comorbidities fell into the hypertensive category, thus might benefit from earlier interventions such as lifestyle modifications. The low control rate among treated individuals calls for a critical review of hypertension services in Iran.

scholarly journals Insight into Blood Pressure Targets for Universal Coverage of Hypertension Services in Iran: The 2017 ACC/AHA versus JNC 8 Hypertension Guidelines

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Mahdavi ◽  
Mahboubeh Parsaeian ◽  
Bahram Mohajer ◽  
Mitra Modirian ◽  
Naser Ahmadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Universal Coverage ◽  
Blood Pressure Target ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Treatment Rate ◽  
Blood Pressure Targets ◽  
Hypertension Guidelines ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: We assessed and compared the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in Iran under two hypertension guidelines; the 2017 ACC/AHA with an aggressive blood pressure target 130/80 mm Hg and commonly used guideline JNC8 with 140/90 mm Hg. We shed light on the implications of 2017 ACC/AHA for population subgroups and high-risk individuals eligible for non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic therapies. Methods: Data were obtained from the Iran national STEPS 2016 study. Participants included 27 738 adults ≥25 years as a representative sample of Iranians. The logistic regression models with a survey design were used to examine the determinants of prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension. Results: The prevalence of hypertension based on JNC8 was 29.9% (95% CI: 29.2-30.6), which soared to 53.7% (52.9-54.4) by 2017 ACC/AHA. Awareness, treatment, and control were 59.2% (58.0-60.3), 80.2% (78.9-81.4), and 39.1% (37.4-40.7) based on JNC8, which dropped to 37.1% (36.2-38.0), 71.3% (69.9-72.7), and 19.6% (18.3-21.0) respectively by 2017 ACC/AHA. By new guideline, adults 25-34 years had the largest increase in prevalence (from 7.3% to 30.7%). They also had the lowest awareness and treatment rate but the highest control rate (36.5%) among age groups. Compared with JNC8, under 2017 ACC/AHA, 24%, 15%, 17%, and 11% more individuals with dyslipidaemia, high triglyceride, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) events respectively fell into the hypertensive category. Yet, based on 2017 ACC/AHA, 68.2% of individuals falling into a hypertensive group were supposed to receive medications (versus 95.7% in JNC8). LDL cholesterol, physical activity, and one unit of Body Mass Index were found to change blood pressure by -3.56 (-4.38, -2.74), -2.04 (-2.58, -1.50), and 0.48 (0.42, 0.53) mm Hg respectively. Conclusions: Switching from JNC8 to 2017 ACC/AHA highlighted sharp increases in prevalence and drastic declines in awareness, treatment, and control in Iran. By the 2017 ACC/AHA, more young adults and those with chronic comorbidities fell into the hypertensive category, thus might benefit from earlier interventions such as lifestyle modifications. The low control rate among treated individuals calls for a critical review of hypertension services in Iran.

scholarly journals eResearch:  Ethics, Security, Design, and Control in Psychological Research on the Internet

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian A. Nosek ◽  
Mahzarin R. Banaji ◽  
Anthony G. Greenwald
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Security Design ◽  
Confidential Data ◽  
Internet Study ◽  
Data Transmission Security ◽  
And Control

Differences between traditional laboratory research and Internet-based research require review of basic issues of research methodology. These differences have implications for research ethics (e.g., absence of researcher, potential exposure of confidential data and/or identity to a third-party, guaranteed debriefing) and security (e.g., confidentiality and anonymity, security of data transmission, security of data storage, and tracking subjects over time). We also review basic design issues a researcher should consider before implementing an Internet study, including the problem of subject self-selection and loss of experimental control on the Internet laboratory. An additional challenge for Internet-based research is the increased opportunity for subject misbehavior, intentional or otherwise. We discuss methods to detect and minimize these threats to the validity of Internet-based research.

scholarly journals Ensuring the Confidentiality of Nuclear Information at Cloud Using Modular Encryption Standard

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Aysha Shabbir ◽  
Maryam Shabbir ◽  
Muhammad Rizwan ◽  
Fahad Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
State Level ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Data Confidentiality ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Cloud Framework ◽  
Basic Purpose ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Control ◽  
Increasing Trends

Lifeblood of every organization is its confidential information. The accentuation on cybersecurity has expanded considerably in the course of the last few years because of the expanded number in attacks at the individual and organization and even at the state level. One specific zone of consideration is the assurance of the security of nuclear information. This may relate to both Instrumentation and Control (I&C) and Information Technology (IT). The present security measures are insufficient for nuclear information because of their lack of identification, classification, and securing measures (because of their multifaceted nature). With the increasing trends of data storage and management with the assistance of cloud, data confidentiality threats are immensely increasing. As there is no such safeguard that can make our systems a hundred percent secure, the best approach is to provide security at distinct layers. The basic purpose of layered security is to have the benefit that if one layer fails or compromised, the other layer compensates or maintains that confidentiality with the access control in the owner’s hand. In this paper, we have proposed a multilevel approach with protection-based computing by using Modular Encryption Standard (MES). We proposed a cloud framework as well to further enhance its security by utilizing a multicloud and modular approach. By performing simulations, the obtained results depicted that our proposed scheme works efficiently than other commonly used schemes.

scholarly journals Development of Digital Subterranean Models for Real-Time Open Cut Horizon Control

Resources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Andrew D. Strange ◽  
Zak Jecny
Keyword(s):  
Technology Development ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Digital Mine ◽  
Sensing System ◽  
Mining Machinery ◽  
Strong Motivation ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
And Control

A reliable coal seam sensing system is required to improve the productivity of selective mining in open-cut mining operations. A prototype system based upon commercial ground penetrating radar equipment, which measures coal thickness from the top of an exposed surface down to an underlying coal-interburden interface and generates digital subterranean models of the subsurface seam boundaries, was developed for this purpose. The models can be deployed to commercially available in-cab assistive guidance systems for bulldozers and other mining machinery in existing production processes, and can further contribute to the databases required for remote operation and control in a complete digital mine scenario. The system was evaluated at a production open cut coal mine in Queensland, Australia, with promising results. The benefits reported by operational personnel who evaluated the digital surface model in the mining environment provide strong motivation for ongoing technology development.

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